電大室內(nèi)效果圖表現(xiàn)技法復(fù)習(xí)必備題庫(kù)資料小抄

1、室內(nèi)效果圖表現(xiàn)技法題庫(kù)一一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（將你認(rèn)為正確答案的字母代號(hào)填在括號(hào)內(nèi)。）1一點(diǎn)透視最早的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是（D）A.柯布西埃B.皮拉內(nèi)西C.米開朗琪羅 D.萊昂納多達(dá)芬奇2.17世紀(jì)的（C）建筑時(shí)期，圖像的表現(xiàn)偏離了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的莊重典雅與和諧，而是呈現(xiàn)出一種極度奢華的狀態(tài)。C.巴洛克和洛可可3.公元1世紀(jì)羅馬工程師馬可維特魯威（MarcusVitruvius）在建筑十書中將（B）概括為透視方法的一種，與（）（）共同構(gòu)成了制圖的三大表現(xiàn)方法。B.布景法、平面圖、立面圖4.手繪表達(dá)圖像可分為（D）D.直觀性圖像表達(dá)、思維性圖像表達(dá)、交流性圖像表達(dá)5.隋唐時(shí)期的圖像作品如敦煌壁畫中延續(xù)了（A）A.斜

2、面平行法6.直觀表達(dá)圖像三大類型主要分為（C）C.平面圖、透視圖、軸測(cè)圖7.包豪斯反對(duì)的是（B）B.反對(duì)藝術(shù)學(xué)院古老的教育體制8.在餐飲空間的表現(xiàn)中，視點(diǎn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)高度為（A）左右，低于人的一般視點(diǎn)高度，這樣是為了便于刻畫天花板及立面的設(shè)計(jì)而減少因重復(fù)刻畫樣式統(tǒng)一的桌椅而帶來(lái)的麻煩。A.1.2米9.(C)透視學(xué)迎來(lái)其發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)期。A.公元13世紀(jì)B.公元17世紀(jì)C.公元15世紀(jì)D.公元19世紀(jì)10.景觀表現(xiàn)中透視點(diǎn)大多高于人的一般視點(diǎn)高度，以（B）為宜，因?yàn)榇朔N透視點(diǎn)能充分地反映景觀中各種景物前后之間的關(guān)系，但又不是十分脫離人的習(xí)慣視點(diǎn)。至2.0米B.2.0至2.5米至3.5米至5.5米11.宋

3、代（A）是由官方頒布的一套適用于估算工程用料的預(yù)算定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，濃縮了中國(guó)木構(gòu)架建筑營(yíng)造的高超技巧，體現(xiàn)了唐宋以來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展對(duì)建筑營(yíng)造工程的深度影響。A.營(yíng)造法式B.元祐法式C.萬(wàn)有文庫(kù)D.法式12.（B）盛行于16世紀(jì)晚期，裝飾風(fēng)格繁瑣奢華，畫面中的物品從材質(zhì)到光影都追求真實(shí)，體現(xiàn)了上等階層奢侈浮華的生活狀態(tài)。A.巴洛克風(fēng)格B.維多利亞風(fēng)格C.洛可可風(fēng)格D.荷蘭風(fēng)格派13.思維性圖像表達(dá)的作用包括（A）A.模擬、編輯、圖解14.真正科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐敢暦▌t的出現(xiàn)是在（B）時(shí)期B.意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期二、判斷題（判斷正誤、正確的在題后括號(hào)內(nèi)劃，反之劃。）1.西方的美學(xué)思考是建立在“本于物”的基礎(chǔ)之上。（

4、）2.麥克筆適用于表現(xiàn)自然一些的材料，如石材、磚、木材等等。（）3.作為一名立志于建筑表現(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)師而言，養(yǎng)成一種對(duì)周圍城市環(huán)境有意識(shí)觀察與思考的能力是必需的。（）4.住宅類建筑多形體現(xiàn)代，科技感較強(qiáng)，適合在晴朗、陽(yáng)光燦爛的都市環(huán)境中。（）5.建筑的手繪表現(xiàn)技法注重的并不是逼真的細(xì)節(jié)，而是整體氛圍的感染力。（）6.手繪所表達(dá)的圖像是客觀景象與作者心中所想的結(jié)合體。（）7.真正嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐敢暦▌t，在中世紀(jì)法國(guó)歌特時(shí)期悄然出現(xiàn)。（）8.顧愷之的洛神賦圖中可以清晰的看到“正面平行法”的應(yīng)用。（9.中國(guó)的美學(xué)思考從“本于心”出發(fā)，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)作品體現(xiàn)創(chuàng)作者的心境和對(duì)環(huán)境的感受。（）10.鉛筆和彩色鉛筆適用于表現(xiàn)

5、自然一些的材料，如石材、磚、木材等等。（）11.辦公類建筑形體渾厚，氣質(zhì)沉穩(wěn)、大氣，表現(xiàn)時(shí)可以選擇大雨滂沱、深秋的黃昏、雨后初晴等較為特別的天氣。（）12.感官無(wú)法思考，理解無(wú)法看到，只有兩者聯(lián)合才能產(chǎn)生知識(shí)。（）13.真正嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐敢暦▌t，在中世紀(jì)法國(guó)歌特時(shí)期悄然出現(xiàn)。（）14.設(shè)計(jì)表達(dá)“作為圖像”可以分為：直觀性圖像表達(dá)、思維性圖像表達(dá)、交流性圖像表達(dá)。（）15.表現(xiàn)圖中各要素之間的關(guān)系是客觀事物的主觀認(rèn)識(shí)之后的圖像化。（）16.西方的美學(xué)思考是建立在“本于心”的基礎(chǔ)之上。（）17.真正嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)耐敢暦▌t，在意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期時(shí)期悄然出現(xiàn)。（）18.鉛筆作為表現(xiàn)力最豐富的工具適用于多種材料的質(zhì)感

6、表現(xiàn)。（）19.表現(xiàn)圖是一種在紙面上表現(xiàn)三位乃至四維空間的圖像。（）20.感官無(wú)法思考，理解無(wú)法看到，因此二者是獨(dú)立存在的。（）21.設(shè)計(jì)師要面對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)圖像的可控性和實(shí)體的不可控因素。（）22.顧愷之的洛神賦圖中可以清晰的看到“斜面平行法”的應(yīng)用。（）23.一點(diǎn)透視法最早的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是米開朗琪羅。（）24.丟勒在他的著作圓規(guī)直尺測(cè)量法一書中，用銅版畫介紹了求得正確透視圖而設(shè)計(jì)的幾種不同的裝置。（）25.宋代萬(wàn)有文庫(kù)是由官方頒布的一套用于估算工程用料的預(yù)算定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，濃縮了中國(guó)木構(gòu)架建筑營(yíng)造的高超技巧，體現(xiàn)了唐宋以來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展對(duì)建筑營(yíng)造工程的深度影響。（）26.庫(kù)哈斯所著建筑表現(xiàn)手冊(cè)中的觀點(diǎn)，從功能方

7、面分析，將表達(dá)圖像分解為描述、形式設(shè)計(jì)、理論、結(jié)論四個(gè)步驟。（）27.表現(xiàn)圖中各要素之間的關(guān)系是客觀事物的主觀認(rèn)識(shí)之后的圖像化。（）三、名詞解釋（每小題7分）1.巴黎美術(shù)學(xué)院派西方圖像表現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)下半葉進(jìn)入了多元化時(shí)期，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的透視圖表現(xiàn)方法受到了挑戰(zhàn)，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)否定透視表現(xiàn)，重視平立面繪圖技巧的新流派。2.線條線的組織和駕馭是手繪技巧最重要的因素，是呈現(xiàn)效果最直接的方式，線的疏密、層次、肌理能反映事物的體積、空間、氛圍、光線、情感。3.草圖紙草圖紙主要是卷軸式半透明紙，專門用于繪制草圖或設(shè)計(jì)分析圖，是設(shè)計(jì)是必備的用品，其半透明的特性有助于畫稿反復(fù)拷貝、修改，最終形成完善的底稿，也可以

8、幫助設(shè)計(jì)師不斷鑒別分析設(shè)計(jì)組織關(guān)系。4.硫酸紙主要用于描圖或施工圖打印，也可以利用它拷貝畫稿，用彩色鉛筆或麥克筆著色，效果清新淡雅。5.硬筆鉛筆、鋼筆等不同類型的硬筆呈現(xiàn)的線形變化是有差別的，正是這種差別造就了硬筆豐富的表現(xiàn)力。硬筆的主要手段是勾線，利用線的疏密表現(xiàn)體積。6.氈頭筆一種油性的記號(hào)筆，筆尖較粗，墨跡濃郁，能形成強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比效果。7.勝概圖17世紀(jì)，在法國(guó)出現(xiàn)的用來(lái)描繪名勝古跡的表現(xiàn)圖。它的創(chuàng)新特點(diǎn)在于它升高了視點(diǎn)，提高了視平線這種鳥瞰式的圖面表現(xiàn)方式，清晰地傳達(dá)著景觀、建筑之間的關(guān)系以及每處場(chǎng)所的地方風(fēng)韻特征。8.維多利亞風(fēng)格盛行于16世紀(jì)晚期，裝飾風(fēng)格繁瑣奢華，畫面中的每一個(gè)物品

9、從材質(zhì)到光影都追求真實(shí)，這類表現(xiàn)圖不僅僅是一張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)手繪表現(xiàn)圖，更是一幅精美絕倫的繪畫作品，通過(guò)表現(xiàn)圖反映了當(dāng)時(shí)盛行的維多利亞室內(nèi)裝飾風(fēng)格，體現(xiàn)了上等階層奢侈腐化的生活狀態(tài)。9.現(xiàn)代主義現(xiàn)代主義是指20世紀(jì)以來(lái)，對(duì)古典主義和巴黎美術(shù)學(xué)院表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格的一次突破，建筑圖更多的不再是單純表現(xiàn)建筑的符號(hào)或工具，而演變?yōu)橐环N表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)思考過(guò)程和體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的特殊語(yǔ)言。10.麥克筆手繪表現(xiàn)中最常用的著色工具，其色彩透明，濃郁且揮發(fā)性強(qiáng)，主要有水性和油性兩類。11.設(shè)計(jì)繪圖一種通過(guò)有規(guī)律投射并符合要求的假象圖形表現(xiàn)想象物體的狀態(tài)，它具有明顯的現(xiàn)實(shí)關(guān)聯(lián)性，其設(shè)計(jì)的物質(zhì)空間人制度是高于畫面本身的，與藝術(shù)作品不同，他們大多是

10、脫離物質(zhì)世界可以被獨(dú)立審視的。12.線條線的組織和駕馭是手繪技巧最重要的因素，是呈現(xiàn)效果最直接的方式，線的疏密、層次、肌理能反映事物的體積、空間、氛圍、光線、情感。手繪效果圖需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題手繪效果圖是運(yùn)用較寫實(shí)的繪畫手法來(lái)表現(xiàn)建筑或室內(nèi)空間結(jié)構(gòu)與造型形態(tài)，它既要體現(xiàn)出功能性又要體現(xiàn)出藝術(shù)性。手繪效果圖是用繪畫手法來(lái)表現(xiàn)建筑或室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的構(gòu)想語(yǔ)言，它受描繪對(duì)象的生產(chǎn)工藝性所制約。而一般繪畫作品則著重于感性觀念的創(chuàng)作，注重形態(tài)的真實(shí)性，但手繪效果圖要運(yùn)用理性的觀念來(lái)作圖，因此又比較注重工具的使用（如繪圖儀器、尺、模板等），所以手繪效果圖的繪畫相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是理性與感性的結(jié)合體。在手繪效果圖時(shí)，應(yīng)該將重

11、點(diǎn)放在造型、色彩和質(zhì)感的表現(xiàn)上，另外還應(yīng)注意設(shè)計(jì)思路、構(gòu)圖布局。1。造型是空間設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)，是繪制效果圖的第一步首先要運(yùn)用透視規(guī)律來(lái)表現(xiàn)物體的結(jié)構(gòu)，搭建空間框架，然后再運(yùn)用藝術(shù)性的手法表現(xiàn)明暗、色彩、質(zhì)感，最終完成空間表現(xiàn)圖，從而體現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)者的意圖。在繪制造型過(guò)程中，重點(diǎn)在于透視的表現(xiàn)，單是以單線來(lái)表現(xiàn)立體感還不夠充分，為了加強(qiáng)立體效果還必須用明暗關(guān)系來(lái)處理。在表現(xiàn)手繪效果圖中，素描中的三大面五大調(diào)的運(yùn)用可根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)效果的需要進(jìn)行概括和簡(jiǎn)化。在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)中，要根據(jù)效果圖的不同用處，來(lái)選擇復(fù)雜與概括的表現(xiàn)方法，以便更清楚地表達(dá)你的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)想。2。色彩是體現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)理念、豐富畫面的重要手段一般效果圖的色彩應(yīng)

12、力求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括、生動(dòng)，減少色彩的復(fù)雜程度。為增強(qiáng)藝術(shù)效果，有的色彩效果圖可以運(yùn)用有色紙做底色來(lái)表現(xiàn)，一是色彩均勻、二是節(jié)省涂色時(shí)間、三是可以很好的進(jìn)行色彩統(tǒng)一，增強(qiáng)繪畫性、趣味性。用色彩表現(xiàn)效果圖時(shí)，不僅表現(xiàn)色彩的關(guān)系、物體明暗關(guān)系，還要注意表現(xiàn)出不同材質(zhì)的質(zhì)感效果。要根據(jù)不同表面材質(zhì)的特征使用相應(yīng)的運(yùn)筆方式。如有的表面肌理不顯著，運(yùn)筆可保持同一方向，涂色用筆要有速度。干凈利落，而暗部涂色可采用有變化的筆觸，色彩并有冷暖的差別。3。質(zhì)感就是在視覺(jué)或觸覺(jué)中對(duì)不同物體特質(zhì)的感覺(jué)在藝術(shù)中把對(duì)不同物象用不同技巧所表現(xiàn)把握的真實(shí)感稱為質(zhì)感。質(zhì)感的表現(xiàn)方法在室內(nèi)手繪效果圖中有很大的作用。研究表現(xiàn)技法的目的

13、是為了使設(shè)計(jì)成果的效果圖更真實(shí)、更具說(shuō)服力。不同的物質(zhì)其表面的自然特質(zhì)稱天然質(zhì)感，如空氣、水、巖石、竹木等；而經(jīng)過(guò)人工的處理的表現(xiàn)感覺(jué)則稱人工質(zhì)感，如磚、陶瓷、玻璃、布匹、塑膠等。不同的質(zhì)感給人以軟硬、虛實(shí)、滑澀、韌脆、透明與渾濁等多種感覺(jué)。（1）表現(xiàn)金屬質(zhì)感。明暗過(guò)渡柔和，在光的照射下對(duì)比強(qiáng)烈，在表現(xiàn)光澤度較強(qiáng)的表面時(shí)，要注意高光、反光和倒影的處理，筆觸應(yīng)平行整齊，可用直尺來(lái)表現(xiàn)。（2）表現(xiàn)透明材料質(zhì)感。玻璃(有色、無(wú)色)要掌握好反光部分與透過(guò)光線的多角性關(guān)系的處理。透明材料基本上是借助環(huán)境的底色，施加光線照射的色彩來(lái)表現(xiàn)。（3）表現(xiàn)木材質(zhì)感。主要是木紋的表現(xiàn)，要根據(jù)木材的品種。首先平涂一層

14、木材底色，然后再徒手畫出木紋線條，木紋線條先淺后深，使木材質(zhì)感自然流暢。（4）表現(xiàn)石材質(zhì)感。石材在室內(nèi)應(yīng)用比較廣泛其質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬，光潔透亮，在表現(xiàn)時(shí)先按照石材的固有色彩薄薄涂一層底色，留出高光和反光，然后用勾線筆適當(dāng)畫出石材的紋理。（5）表現(xiàn)皮革與塑料質(zhì)感。皮革與塑料表面光滑無(wú)反射，介于玻璃和木材之間，沒(méi)有玻璃那樣光亮，與木材相比又有光澤，明暗過(guò)渡比較緩慢，涂色時(shí)要自然均勻。4。設(shè)計(jì)思路與構(gòu)圖布局正確地把握設(shè)計(jì)的立意與構(gòu)思，深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)意圖是學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)圖技法的首要著眼點(diǎn)。為此，必須把提高自身的專業(yè)理論知識(shí)和文化藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造思維能力和深刻的理解能力作為重要的培訓(xùn)目的貫穿學(xué)習(xí)的始終。構(gòu)圖是任何繪畫

15、中都不可缺少的最初表現(xiàn)階段，裝飾設(shè)計(jì)表現(xiàn)圖當(dāng)然也不例外，所謂的構(gòu)圖就是把眾多的造型要素在畫面上有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來(lái)，并按照設(shè)計(jì)所需要的主題，合理地按排在畫面中適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢蒙?，形成既?duì)立又統(tǒng)一的畫面，以達(dá)到視覺(jué)心理上的平衡。題庫(kù)答案選擇答案D2C3B4D5A6C7B8A9C10B11A12B13A14B判斷答案123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O萬(wàn)分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation dest

16、ination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locatio

17、ns, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tour

18、ists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou

19、orHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a majo

20、r Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way

21、 visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatm

22、ent while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali,

23、ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketi

24、ng executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nons

25、top flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java

26、, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism destinations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to

27、 Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister island east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At

28、press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzhou to Bali was a little more than 3,000 yuan ($480) on Ctrips website. Chinese tourists have taken a shine to rafting in Ubud, sightseeing in Tanah Lot, and surfing and diving in Nusa Lembongan, says Dai. Civet coffee, essential oil and woodcarv

29、ings are among the most popular products for Chinese tourists in Indonesia, she says. Indonesian food is also something that visitors shouldnt miss. Local cuisines feature many spices, including peppers and cloves, and coconut pulp. Fried rice, dirty duck and roast suckling pig are recommended. Chil

30、drens illustration books first appeared in the 1600s in Europe. Their passage to China, however, took much longer, roughly 300 years. In China, childrens illustration books have a history of just 100 years and their development can be divided into four stages. From early 1900s to mid 1900s, a large

31、number of books and magazines with illustrations appeared with the fast development of the modern publishing industry. The illustrationarts at that time were a mixed genre of Chinese traditionalpaintings and the westernstyle, and most of the stories originate from the fundamental changes that China

32、experienced after the collapse of Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), the warlord struggles and the war against the Japanese invasion. The second stage was from mid 1900s to late 1970s, when the cultural revolution (1966-76) ended. The fast development of some special publishing houses for children gave birth

33、 to a large number of illustration-story books, which made a good use of folk art techniques, such as wood board carving, frescoes, and ink and wash painting, etc. Many of the popular stories are from Chinese history and wars after 1900s. The third stage is from early 1980s to late 1990s, a golden p

34、eriod for the development of childrens illustration books. The reform and opening-up brought in new concepts and ideas from the West to China, a country that had been closed to the West for nearly three decades. Fast development of economy, society and culture provided the writers and painters with

35、a lot of inspiration to create new literature works and draw illustrations. China also imported large amounts of childrens illustration books from the West and Japan. Many young parents in China have a strong nostalgia about childrens illustration books they read in the 1980s and 1990s. This is also

36、 the last era in Chinas artistic innovation before the advent of the Internet period. The fourth stage is featured with the spread of the Internet and the other computerized means of art innovation. The hand-drawn childrens illustration books are gradually replaced by cartoons drawn and copied by so

37、ftware and machines, and shown on tablets, computers, television and smart phones, instead of books. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden is natures haven, with no less than 4,000 rare birds and animals representing 200 species. With tropical forest covering over 90 percent of its area

38、, the garden offers beautiful views of a wide range of tropical plants, flowers and fruit trees. The scenic spot about 25 kilometers from the center of Haikou offers a drive-thru safari tour where you can get up close with elephants, lions and bears. The Safari on Foot area features walking trails w

39、here visitors can see the rest of the animals, including hippos and monkeys, and feed them for a small fee. Visitors also can see what happens when you breed a lion and a tiger. Two unique attractions are rare hybrids: a liger, the offspring of a mallion and a female tiger and a tigon, which is crea

40、ted by a female lion and a male tiger. As ateaching center of the National Popular Science Education program, the park also serves as a second classroom for students to learn about wildlife and plants. Since it was established in 1995, it has received more than one million student visitors. At a cru

41、cial moment when pessimism has brought the Greek crisis to such a head that the country is closer to a default on its debt repayments than ever, Li offered a spark of enthusiasm to restart the stalled talks by calling on Greece and its creditors to reach a last-minute deal that will allow Greece to

42、remain in the eurozone. Given the escalation of the countrys crisis over the weekend sent a shock wave through the global stock markets on Monday, there are ample reasons to worry about the uncertainties surrounding the events in Greece and the effect a default would have on Europe, relations betwee

43、n China and the EU, global financial stability and the nascent global economic recovery. Greece has announced that it will hold a referendum on a bailout plan proposed last week by the countrys creditors. In response, Greeces eurozone partners have refused to extend the countrys bailout program and

44、the European Central Bank capped its emergency support for the countrys banks. A real danger now looms of Greece exiting the euro, which might derail the global economic recovery and damage the long-term viability of the euro as a currency. However, such a tragedy is neither certain nor unavoidable.

45、 The EU should shoulder its responsibility to prevent the Greek crisis from overshadowing the fragile global recovery. As a major customer and supplier of the 28-nation EU, and a responsible long-term holder of Eurobonds, Chinas confidence in and commitment to a strong eurozone offers EU leaders the

46、 necessary support to look at the Greek crisis from a broader and longer perspective. When Li said that China will not only consider a China-EU investment platform to back European Commission President Jean-Claude Junckers plan to revive the European economy, but also buy more bonds issued by the Eu

47、ropean Investment Bank, EU leaders should be clear that China wants to see the EU maintain its integrity and a forward trajectory. Such a confidence-building effort is particularly valuable, especially from such a large country as China which already has a huge stake and seeks to further expand it i

48、n a strong eurozone. It will be a tragedy to allow inaction over the Greek crisis to stand in the way of growth-boosting Sino-EU cooperation.請(qǐng)您務(wù)必刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O萬(wàn)分謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailands P

49、huket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport

50、in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free-visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make

51、trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that countrys missions inBeijing,Shanghai,GuangzhouorHong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia

52、embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassys information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening people-to-people contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: Weve seen a nearl

53、y 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase two-way visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next f

54、ew years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2013, t

55、he number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times r

56、eported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2013. Bali isnt just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesias national airliner. G

57、aruda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, inGuangdongprovince, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is

58、home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also known as the Paris of Java, is ideal for adventure-seekers. Many ecotourism desti

59、nations, such as Toba Lake in Sumatra, Tanjung Puting National Park in Kalimantan and Bunaken in Manado, are places the embassy official recommends for tourists. Indonesia boasts world-class surfing facilities along the shores of Sumatra down to Nusa Tenggara Islands. Recently, Lombok, a sister isla

60、nd east of Bali has gotten so much attention from Chinese travelers that some travel agencies are offering twin packages for Bali and Lombok. The best time to visit Bali is from May to October, when it doesntrainmuch and the weather is cool. At press time, a weeklong package from Shanghai or Guangzh