風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)仿真課件

1、Wind Turbine System SimulationRyan MagargleYeong-Yan PerngEric LinAnsys, Inc.OutlineBackgroundMotivationWind Turbine SystemHigh Fidelity SimulationMechanical (CFD+Structural)ElectricalBackgroundRenewable Energy WorldwideHydro, Wind, Solar, BiomassTotal renewable power capacity 1.23TW4.8TW1.23TWSourc

2、e: REN21 2010 status report: /globalstatusreport/g2010.aspBackgroundWind Energy Stands Out World WideLargest increase in power generation (2009)+38GW windFollowed by +30GW hydro and +7GW solarUS is the largest user of wind energySource: REN21 2010 status report: /globalstatusreport/g2010.aspMotivati

3、onWhere is Future Wind Power Going?Government mandates require that utilities supply a minimum amount of renewable energy.Graphics source NREL: /pdfs/wpa/37627_rps.pdfMotivationWhat is the Wind Power Potential in the US?Onshore capacity 10TW, offshore 1TWMotivationWhat are Wind Power Challenges?Onsh

4、ore/OffshoreVariability in wind speedRadar interferenceTransmission costHarsh environment reliabilityScaling up size for more powerMotivationWhy is Simulation Important?ElectricalAs wind power is ramped up, the voltage and frequency of the grid becomes less dependent on fixed sources and more depend

5、ent on wind dynamics.MechanicalAs turbines increase in size and number, aerodynamic efficiency, securing foundations and identifying vibration becomes very important.Reduce Risk / Increase ReliabilityEvaluate performance before issues ariseWind TurbineWhat makes a wind turbine?Source: Department of

6、Energy , /windandhydro/wind_how.html#dInsideOutsidebladesnacelletowerfoundationANSYS CAE for Wind PowerBlade designRotor SizingSite selectionTower design and FSIGenerator and shaft designWind farm configurationPower GridElectrical SimulationMachines and DrivesControllersPower ElectronicsGeneratorsBu

7、sbarsElectrical SimulationPower Transmission and DistributionPower LinesHV TerminationsTransformersSwitch GearANSYS Multiphysics SolutionsSimplorer Electro-Mechanical System AnalysisANSYS MechanicalStress and Modal AnalysisANSYS CFDWind Power AnalysisMaxwell Electrical Machines and DrivesComplete Tu

8、rbine SystemDQ Power and Current ControllersSpace Vector ModulatorRectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridPower DeliveredGenerator CurrentWind SourceModeling Wind PowerWind acts as prime mover and creates torque on the blades.RectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridWind SourceSwitchgearGearboxParamete

9、rs: Wind Speed Rotor Speed Blade AngleWB Project SchematicAutomated parametric runs for wind power data generationGeometry in DesignModelerCFD MeshMapping of Pressure in MechanicalPre-Stressed Modal AnalysisModeling Turbine GeneratorDoubly Fed Induction GeneratorDesigned in RMxprt/Maxwell20kW, 4 pol

10、es, 1500rpm, 85% efficiencyModeling Magnetic GearsMagnetic gears promise high torque and reliability with no contact for torque transmission.15rpm1500rpm100 xGear is needed to get blade rotation closer to grid frequency. Higher speed at generator helps efficiency by reducing magnetization currents.C

11、ycloid magnetic gearModeling Power ControllersDQ oriented to separate active and reactive power.Power regulator gets reference from user or Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithmCurrent regulator gets reference from power regulator and outputs reference to modulatorPI power regulatorPI current regul

12、atorDQSeven stage modulatorModeling Power ElectronicsPassive rectifier converts 3 phase grid to DCActive inverter is controlled by SVM to convert DC to arbitrary 3phase AC for rotor control. 2 level control from reference.Device level diodes and transistors.rectifierDC link3 phase inverterDatasheet

13、IV curvesPower Control ResultStep from 19 kW to 5 kW 1597rpm at generatorPLL Synchronized,Grid ConnectedSynchHold0VAR0VAR19kW5kWStable but unoptimized controllerGrid SynchronizationController synchronizes to grid before connection to reduce transients.SummaryWind energy has a strong future in renewa

14、ble energy.Simulation helps predict reliability and capability.ANSYS solutions enable simulation for complete systems from generation, transmission, and distribution using comprehensive physics from fluid dynamics, mechanics, and electronics.Extra SlidesWind Turbine Generator Simulation using Simplo

15、rer Multi Domain SystemsAutomotive and railway systems, electric drives, home appliances and other systems consist of a variety of components. Each component may influence the behavior of another component.Power SupplyConverter/DriverActuatorMechanic LoadAnalog ControlDigital ControlThe Engineers Vi

16、ewW03D03F13F23NE19NE20NE21NE22NE25IGRnI350.385PGRnP4.6710-10ui_refLIMITERui_refL-7.57.5uiEXTui_actiaDcmpMotor0.2NEGNEG2IGRiI45.446-1010PGRiP0.168uctrlSine1am := 315f := 50tET1L120uD1D2D3D4Ld1mA+ AM1+ VVM1D5R1100D6R2100C14000uC24000u+ VVM2TR1TR2Formula :Formula : +MathematicsStateMachinesLumped Param

17、eter CircuitsBlockDiagramsElectromechanical (EM) Design EnvironmentSimulation Data Bus/Simulator Coupling TechnologyModel DatabaseElectrical, Blocks, States, Machines, Automotive, Hydraulic,Mechanics, Power, SemiconductorsMaxwellCircuit SimulatorBlock Diagram SimulatorState Machine SimulatorVHDL-AMS

18、 SimulatorMatlabRTWUDCMathCADMatlab SimulinkMaxwellC/C+ Programming Interface (FORTRAN, C, C+ etc.)Co-SimulationTurbine Generator System Electrical Machine and DriveThree Phase Induction MachineThyristor ControlThe load torque as seen by the turbine, T_turbine is set by Tmax which is a function of t

19、imeActive Output Load CompensationCompensation Capacitance Values are defined by a parameter: C_comC_com is incremented every T_con seconds by 100 faradTransformer: High-Low VoltageOutput Voltage and Turbine SpeedSoft StartANSYS MultiphysicsIntroductionOffshoreStructural & ThermalSystemFluidsQuestio

20、ns to be answeredDifferent Physics, different domainsFEA/CFD/Mooring/Power electronics/EMAs an integrator, there is a need to have a system global approachEach part of the system does not have to be analyzed with 3D solvers each timeThe system approach should be flexible enough to enable accurate si

21、mulations if neededANSYS System Approach: Power Generation applicationWind TurbineGeneratorPower MetersTransformersElectrical NetworkNot Included: Reactive Power CompensationInverterComplete Turbine SystemDQ Power and Current ControllersSpace Vector ModulatorRectifierInverterGeneratorElectric GridPo

22、wer DeliveredGenerator CurrentWind SourceWind Turbine model in SimplorerSimplifed analytical mechanical model of the turbineParameters: Wind Speed Rotor Speed Blade AngleWind Turbine model in SimplorerInput: Wind ProfileOutput: TorqueAny wind profile can be enteredCosimulation with Rigid Body DynamicsTransient Structural (RBD) Crankshaft ModelANSYS Mech. Motor Shaft ROMC