新編英語教程6unit 4 A red light for scofflaws

1、Unit 4 A Red Light for Scofflaws 共四十四頁(yè)共四十四頁(yè)Outline:I. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans are breaking the legal codes. Examples QuotationII. (Para. 2-4) Varieties of scofflaws Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably dangerous scoffl

2、awry is the _. Examples Statistics Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the _. Examples Quotationmost visiblered-light runner共四十四頁(yè)III. (Para. 5-8) Dangers of scofflaws Para. 5 The flouting of basic rules harms society because scofflaws show no _ to the social rules and display _ for the fundamental

3、s of order. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents _. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to _. Examples respectcontemptthe elementary social demoralizationviolent crimes共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)ara. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation

4、of U.S. law more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations different levels: government at many levels 1. _ 2. _ 3. _IV. (Para. 9) ConclusionThe thesis: Scofflawry is extremely _ and U. S. society must do something about it.policestate legislaturesthe Administration in Washingtoninfectiousordinary

5、 citizens共四十四頁(yè)What do they mean?scofflaw, scofflawry n. take to (l. 7) litter-bugs (l. 14) pot (l. 17) joint (l. 19) stitches (l. 62) skirt (l. 69) translation (l. 83)Scoff+law like people who litter in public placesmarijuana cigarette containing marijuanaon the wound avoidexplanation共四十四頁(yè)Scofflaw i

6、s a noun coined during the Prohibition era meaning a person who drinks illegally. It is a compound of the words scoff and law, meaning one who mocks or ridicules the law. The meaning has since been extended to describe one who flouts any law, especially those which are difficult to enforce, and part

7、icularly traffic laws.共四十四頁(yè)Translate the following phrases into English 違法者隨意對(duì)待亂扔垃圾(l j)騙稅非法制造噪音機(jī)動(dòng)車無序理所當(dāng)然的事情視覺垃圾垃圾場(chǎng)對(duì)熟視無睹避人耳目亂穿馬路的人逃票者law-breakertake liberties withoutlaw littertax cheatingillicit noisemotorized anarchya matter of coursevisual rubbishtrash dumpsbe blind toduck out of public sightjayw

8、alkerfare beater共四十四頁(yè)Translate the following phrases into English公害醉駕闖紅燈違反交通規(guī)則對(duì)半的機(jī)率個(gè)別現(xiàn)象生命危險(xiǎn)社會(huì)道德敗壞不文明行為守法公民(gngmn)打法律的擦邊球執(zhí)法不力作壁上觀 public nuisance drunk drivingred-light runningtraffic violation50-50 toss-up/chanceindividual instancemortal perilsocial demoralizationincivilitylaw-abiding citizenskirt t

9、he lawfail to enforce lawsit still 共四十四頁(yè)Can you find more useful expressions?共四十四頁(yè)Find expressions about law, crime or scofflawry, traffic violation and car. 共四十四頁(yè)Laws:law-and-orderlegal codesrulesordinancesrules of the roadstatutes共四十四頁(yè)Crime and scofflawry: derelictionoutlawtraffic violation law-br

10、eakerlaw-breaking culpritminor wrongmajor crimeviolent crimetransgressionnoncomplianceincivility 不文明(wnmng)行為littertax cheatingillicit noisemotorized anarchygraffitihooliganismpot-smokeruse of cocainejaywalkingspittingfare beater共四十四頁(yè) 守法(shu f) abide by the law comply with the law observe the law ob

11、ey the law keep the law共四十四頁(yè) Traffic violation and cardouble parking 并排泊車(b ch)drunk drivingspeedingred-light runningrear-end 追尾stop signalsstoplight high-beam lights 遠(yuǎn)光燈windshield 擋風(fēng)玻璃tail lights 尾燈dump-truck 自動(dòng)卸貨(xi hu)車stalled car 拋錨的汽車共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art II. (Para. 1) The problem: millions of Americans ar

12、e breaking the legal codes. Thesis statement: millios of Americans, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes. 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art Isynonymslet alone illegalheedlesslynegligencenot to mention much lessillicitderelictionblithely共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art Itake liberties (a liberty) with: behave in a bold or impolite

13、 way towards 隨意(su y)對(duì)待，放肆e.g. take liberties with ones health take great liberties with grammar The director of the play has taken too many liberties with the original novel. take the liberty to do sth.take the liberty of sth. e.g. I took the liberty of using your computer when you are away. May I

14、take the liberty of calling you ?共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art Itake to: like; start doing sth. as a habite.g. He has taken to getting up at 6 and going jogging. Hes taken to drinking. 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art II varieties of scofflaws Para. 2 Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. Examples Para. 3 The most immediately and measurably d

15、angerous scofflawry is the most visible. Examples Statistical data Para. 4 The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner. Examples Quotation共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)2abound: v. be plentiful (l. 11)e.g. Rumors abound as to the reason for his resignation. Sarcasm abounds in “Fortress Besieged”. flurry: abundance, g

16、reat quantitypass around: offer flagrant: notoriousWhat does “hello, Everybody” mean? 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)2coined compound wordsthe graffiti-pronelitter-bugstwo-wheeled vehicleshigh-decibel portable radiosthe beer-soaked hooliganismmiddle- and upper-class life共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)3What is the most immediately and measurably dan

17、gerous scofflaws?What dangers have they caused?共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)3beater: swindler, cheatermeasurably: greatlyadd up to: result incolossal: very largeopen highway: broad highway共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)4flout: treat with contemptwane: declineroulette Russian roulette 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)art III Dangers of scofflawsPara. 5 The flouting of basic

18、 rules harms society because scofflaws show no respect to the social rules and display contempt for the fundamentals of order. Para. 6 Today scofflawry is pervasive and represents the elementary social demoralization. Example Para. 7 The scofflawry is not only a matter of etiquette. It may lead to v

19、iolent crimes. ExamplesPara. 8 Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law more than violent crimes do. Examples Quotations共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)5In what way is red-light running a more serious breach of social order? they show no respect for the social rules society cannot help being h

20、armedIdea is deepened here: Scofflawry is related to social morality. Pay attention to the use of “however” in the text. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text? 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)5instance: situatione.g. He is right about most things, but in this instance, I think he was wrong. in your instance Whe

21、n the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. ?when it developed into a social habit, it becomes a problem a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem. 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)5leave a deep dent: damage (metaphor) If hypocrisy is

22、 the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaws salute to the force of law-and-order. Wrongdoers, in their dealing with the virtuous, act as if they are person of good repute. A true lawbreaker in confronting the police force acts stealthily and try to conceal his crime.b

23、razen: shameless, bold-faced whatever, whatsoever: (emphasize) at all 無論(wln)什么e.g. There is no doubt whatsoever. I cant see any one whatsoever. 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)6for all their differences: no matter how different they are in formsof a piece: same to each othersymptom of elementary social demoralization: indic

24、ation that the society has been degraded morallygovern: discipline共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)6What point does the writer want to make with the example of children? The scofflaw spirit is pervasive and the loss of morality is even cultivated in childhood.共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)7What premonition does the write make in p.7 and 8? Scofflawr

25、y is not a matter of bad manners; it may be more powerful than violent crimes in shaking the foundation of U.S law. two warnings: Scofflawry may lead to serious crimes. Scofflawry at various level of society shakes the foundation of U.S. law (more than violent crimes). 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)7prospect: futureviolent

26、 outbreaks: violent actions against the lawitems: examples, caseshurl: throwslug: slog, hit hard with fistbatter: hit hardbolt: metal barthe Houston Freeway syndrome like a disease (metaphor) 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)8skirt: avoid; go around the edge of e.g. A path skirts around the village. His speech skirted around

27、the main issue. major instance: important exampleexhilarating: excitingunwitting: unconscious共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)8government at many levels: - police - state legislatures - the Administration in Washingtonmandate: orderconstituents: voterssubvert: undermineenact: levypuny: very small, insignificanttrivialize: mak

28、einsignificanttransgression: law-breaking, violation of rules 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)8dramatize: make more obviousnullify: declare legally voidrulings: (court) official decisionjustification: reasonsTranslation: scofflawry at the top. ?That means: Administration in Washington is the law-breaker in the highest positi

29、on. 共四十四頁(yè)P(yáng)8Is it appropriate for the write to end his essay by presenting evidence of scofflawry at the top? If the law-makers are ignoring the law, how can the ordinary citizens be expected to abide by the law. 共四十四頁(yè)IV. ConclusionP.9 Scofflawry is extremely infectious and U.S. society must do somet

30、hing about it.disquieting: disturbing, upsetting, annoyingterminal: fatal, approaching deathe.g. terminal cancer terminally illsit still: do nothingallow: tolerateindefinite: unchecked 共四十四頁(yè)windshieldhood / bonnettrunk / bootsunroofheadlightindicatorside lightrear-view mirrordoor handlelicense plate

31、brake lightreversing lighttiresteering wheeldashboardgear stickacceleratorclutchbrake hornCar 共四十四頁(yè)ExercisesIII. Translation1. He cant even afford to rent a one-room flat, let alone buy a villa. The editor is not entitled to take liberties with the text of a literary work. Under the influence of my

32、parents, I took to literature in my teens.My sister having left for college, her bedroom has been converted into a study. Shortage of fund and labour has been plaguing the company for many years. Shanghai ranks as one of the key international navigation centers in the world.The incessant noise from

33、the construction site kept us awake all night. As the other party failed to fulfill their obligations time and again, they decided to nullify the contract. 共四十四頁(yè)Exercises2. 法律與秩序是美國(guó)歷史上持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)且很可能是人們最為熱衷的政治議題。但可悲的是，數(shù)以百萬的美國(guó)人，雖然從不以為自己是違法者，更談不上是罪犯，但對(duì)旨在保護(hù)、滋養(yǎng)他們的社會(huì)(shhu)所制定的法規(guī)越來越不當(dāng)回事。說真的，當(dāng)今像亂扔贓物、騙稅、制造擾民噪音和機(jī)

34、動(dòng)車無序行駛等一系列藐視法律的行為好像代表了未來的潮流。哈佛大學(xué)的社會(huì)(shhu)學(xué)家李斯曼甚至懷疑絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人已經(jīng)漫不經(jīng)心地把犯一些似乎是小錯(cuò)的行為當(dāng)成是理所當(dāng)然的事。李斯曼說美國(guó)社會(huì)(shhu)的倫理甚至已經(jīng)墮落到“只有傻瓜才守法”的地步。共四十四頁(yè)ExercisesLanguage workI. Grammar 1.1) The charge brought against the bicyclist in green was one of violating the traffic laws. 2) All obstacles in the way of putting an end

35、 to scofflawry should be swept away. 3) To speak plainly, the new scheme to enforce certain laws on the part of the police is at a standstill. 4) If you wish to complain, you must do so in writing. 5) The editor backed out of exposing the flagrant use of cocaine in middle-and upper-class life for fear of losing his job. 6) Mr