2022年西安海棠職業(yè)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年西安海棠職業(yè)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2009.01】He has deep love for the people and_loyalty to the country. A、intense B、initial C、instant D、imitative【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分。A 強烈的，極度的；B 最初的，開始的；C 立即的，即時的；D 模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty，選A比較恰當。第2題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Income may be national income and personal income. Wh

2、ereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not

3、 equal GNP because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales

4、taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements

5、 is true according to the paragraph? A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes. B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes. C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid. D、The mon

6、ey that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題的依據(jù)是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.這個句子。對原句的詞語選項D用了別的表達方法，但大意仍保持不變。第3題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compa

7、ss. A piece of lodestone（天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle（長柄勺）. Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk（主體）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is men

8、tioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade（玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a ladle with them.When did

9、 the Chinese invent the compass? A、In 1492. B、In the thirteen century A.D. C、In A.D. 80. D、At least 2000 years ago.【正確答案】D【答案解析】本段中Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass.直接告訴我們中國發(fā)明指南針的時間。第4題【單選題】【2009.01】You should help them_when your friends quarrel with each oth

10、er. A、come into sight B、come to terms C、come into play D、come to power【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語的習慣用法。句意：當你的朋友吵架時，你應當幫助他們協(xié)調(diào)一下。come into 或 come to 都表示進入（某種狀態(tài)）。A 映入眼簾；B. 達成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)；C 開始運作；D. 上臺，開始掌權(quán)。 第5題【單選題】【2010.04】The spokesman occasionally _ his speech with gestures. A、acknowledges B、accompanies C、attribute

11、s D、anticipates【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞匯?！咀g文】這位發(fā)言人講演中偶爾伴有手勢。第6題【單選題】【完成句子】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter t

12、he food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to _. A、the persistence of heavy metals B、industrially polluted soils C、naturally polluted soils D、rock and soil chemistry【正確答案】

13、A【答案解析】本段提到：受到污染的土壤含有重金屬，而且重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，所以要對重金屬進行徹底的清除。答案選擇A。第7題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds. Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the child, for trying out, experimenting and learning, for discovering his own particular abil

14、ity. Bricks and jigsaws(七巧板) and construction toys; painting, scribbling(涂鴉) and making things; Sand and water play; toys for imaginative and pretending play; the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosity_. A、when he

15、 is two. B、when he is around four. C、when he is six. D、when he is eight.【正確答案】B【答案解析】根據(jù)In the next stage, from three to five years old, curiosity knows no bounds可以得出答案是B。第8題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, ho

16、me of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise amo

17、ng British unions? A、Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B、More jobs will be created by the union. C、More people will be employed than necessary. D、The unions will try to increase productivity.【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段開頭告訴讀者“there are more men than are neededwhen two unions quarrel over

18、three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”，接下來作者又進一步說明其實質(zhì)，即它意味著“33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained”。第9題【單選題】【概括大意】Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the

19、volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic Eruptions B、Accounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions

20、C、Calculation of the Killing Power of Older Eruptions D、A Mass Extinction【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段第一句話是說：Wignall calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes；Wignall 計算了這些火山的“滅絕效率”；其中killing efficiency與killing Power意思差不多，屬于同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，因此選擇B或C，但是account for 意思是：（在數(shù)量方面）占；說明（原因等）不符合句意，因此不選擇B。第10題【單選題】【2009.01

21、】He has deep love for the people and_loyalty to the country. A、intense B、initial C、instant D、imitative【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分。A 強烈的，極度的；B 最初的，開始的；C 立即的，即時的；D 模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty，選A比較恰當。第11題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States one for every 10 citizens.

22、 It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.Q: At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本段一開頭就說到目前在美國大約有二千四百萬臺微型電子計算機在使用中，平均每十人就擁有一臺。因此本題的表述是正確的。第12題【單選題】【填句補文】

23、Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. _. However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to b

24、e where most children get their formal education. A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. C、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers. D、Others believe they can provide

25、 a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段大意是“對 home schooling 提出了質(zhì)疑”，需要注意前面說到了“critics say”，空格處與之對應的是“Critics also say”。第13題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wo

26、oden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Sou

27、thern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans through university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because _. A、she h

28、ad managed to save so much money B、she gave her money to African Americans C、she gave her life savings to help others through university D、she only spent money on cheap things【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。only是絕對詞，在選項D中出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗排除D；對照原文第一自然段最后一句話there was something quite exceptional about this woman說她有些特別的地方，接著第二

29、自然段就講In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分積攢的錢捐獻給了家鄉(xiāng)的大學，A和B表達都不全面，答案是C。第14題【單選題】【2007.04】Jenny complained that the hospital _ her too much for the treatment. A、expended B、paid

30、 C、cost D、charged【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。charge：要價；索價；要人支付；收費。例如：The fruit seller charged me too much money.這個水果商要了我很多的錢。 第15題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】I recognized that the sites such as Associated Content can provide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer. I could see that this was an open doo

31、r for systematically learning some basic writing skills without paying college tuition for classes and leaving the comfort of my own home. In the eyes of the author, the site Associated Content _. A、offers you a lot of novels to read B、is good for your becoming a writer C、asks you to study writing r

32、egularly D、is rather expensive but convenient【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。根據(jù)本段的can provide a fertile ground for learning how to become a better writer確定B答案。其余選項與原文意思不符。A與D選項所表達內(nèi)容在文中并未提及，可以被排除。C選項中regularly一詞并未在文中得到體現(xiàn)。第16題【單選題】I promise I will remember _ the book to you. A、return B、to return C、returning D、retur

33、ned【正確答案】B【答案解析】根據(jù)I promise可知這件事情還沒有做，所以用remember to do。這句話的意思是：我保證我會記得還書給你。第17題【單選題】【完成句子】The importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades, and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as io

34、dine, zinc and selenium. For example, soils with low iodine contents produce crops, and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _. A、industrially polluted soils B、the element of iodine C、rock

35、 and soil chemistry D、the persistence of heavy metals【正確答案】B【答案解析】通過關鍵詞Some serious diseases，可將題目定位于最后一句話：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases. deficiency of和lack of表達同樣的意思“缺乏、缺少”，因此根據(jù)這句話可以判斷答案為B。第18題【單選題】【2010.04】Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into

36、five _ stages. A、moderate B、initial C、distinct D、advanced【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】專家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的睡眠可以分為五個不同的階段。【試題分析】本題考查詞匯。【詳細解答】形容詞的詞義選取。第19題【單選題】【概括大意】The charming smiles and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not（往往）, on such occasions newcomers from e

37、lsewhere, say, China mainland, may feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt if they do not buy something from the shop. For some local old-timers（老前輩，老人）, especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the God; sometimes

38、 they would rather be a shoplifter. The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Hong Kong is worthy of its reputation as a business center of the world. B、It is uneasy to be offered smiles and services. C、Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of The Customer is the God ! D、Sho

39、plifting has been a frequent criminal offence.【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段強調(diào)的是這里“顧客是上帝”的這種理念和氛圍。因此選擇C。第20題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999, Oseola McCarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. It may seem like

40、 an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman. In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown. The money was to help other African Americans t

41、hrough university. She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired the world because _. A、she had managed to save so much money B、she gave her money to African Americans C、she g

42、ave her life savings to help others through university D、she only spent money on cheap things【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。only是絕對詞，在選項D中出現(xiàn)，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗排除D；對照原文第一自然段最后一句話there was something quite exceptional about this woman說她有些特別的地方，接著第二自然段就講In the summer of 1995, McCarty gave $ 150,000, most of the money she had save

43、d throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分積攢的錢捐獻給了家鄉(xiāng)的大學，A和B表達都不全面，答案是C。第21題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentative B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細解答：A 不確定的、試探

44、性的；B 正當?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術性的、專門技術的；D 徹底的、十足的。第22題【單選題】【2010.04】Experts have found that normal sleep can be divided into five _ stages. A、moderate B、initial C、distinct D、advanced【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】專家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)正常的睡眠可以分為五個不同的階段。【試題分析】本題考查詞匯。【詳細解答】形容詞的詞義選取。第23題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】I dont claim there isnt a force which guide

45、s us, which takes care of us, but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being. Our personality, our character, our way of perceiving（感知）reality and everything that surrounds us are the elements which may bring us to the top, or on the contrary, make us miserable. The autho

46、r thinks that our future is decided mainly by _. A、a superior force like God B、our way of being, such as our character C、things and persons that surround us D、others choice and responsibility【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。雖然作者也聲明自己并不否認世界上存在任何一種具有超自然力量的東西，但是根據(jù)文章本段的but the main element that helps us build up our f

47、uture is our way of being可知，作者認為影響我們未來的最主要的因素還是我們自己的所作所為，答案為B項。第24題【單選題】【概括大意】The modem ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of un

48、streamed classes, fewer children will be given the label low IQ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.The main idea

49、 of this paragraph is _. A、Impact on School Education B、A Changed View of Intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Effect of Environment on Intelligence【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題使用了同義詞替換的選擇技巧，段落中主要講述的是智力本質(zhì)的現(xiàn)代簡潔必定會對學校教育產(chǎn)生影響（bound to have some effect on our school system.），選項A中只是將名詞effect 換為impact。第25題

50、【單選題】【2008.10】Never before _ so rapidly developing as it is today. A、has our country been B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查語法?！咀g文】我們國家從未像現(xiàn)在這樣高速發(fā)展?！驹敿毥獯稹糠穸ㄔ~never在句首，該句子應采用部分倒裝。第26題【單選題】【2009.04】Ive got the order from the boss that the work _ finishe

51、d before 5 p.m. today. A、would be B、be C、will have been D、could be【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞從句中的虛擬語氣。譯文：我已經(jīng)從老板那得到指令，這項工作在今天下午五點鐘之前要完成。詳細解答：that引導同位語從句，說明order的內(nèi)容。同時從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用should+動詞原形的形式，should 可以省略。第27題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more devel

52、oped a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and pu

53、nishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for impos

54、ing punishment. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is _. A、to control violence within a society B、to protect the world from chaos C、to free society from the idea of revenge D、to give the government absolute power【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段的第一句話The violence within a society is controlled th

55、rough institutions of law 是本題的答案。第28題【單選題】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查主語從句的引導詞的選擇。譯文：大會什么時候召開還沒有決定。詳細解答：A 什么；B 哪一個；C 什么時候；D （無詞義）。第29題【單選題】【2007.04】It is difficult to _ the implication between the lines. A、get to B、get with C

56、、get at D、get down【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞組辨析。A. 開始，接觸； C. 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)； D. 下來，寫下來。 第30題【單選題】【2009.10】_ he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查狀語從句的從屬連詞?！咀g文】 盡管（雖然）他有許多朋友，但他常常感到孤獨。第31題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】As far as astronomers（天文學家） can determine, the entire universe i

57、s built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life w

58、ill arise wherever the proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universe A、obeys different laws. B、obeys one common law. C、obeys the same laws. D、obeys no common law.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第二句?？茖W家沒有理由懷疑宇宙中的物質(zhì)遵循同一法則，即他們相信宇宙中不同地方的物質(zhì)是遵循同一法則的。第32題【單選題】【填句補文】“Geoche

59、mists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge _. A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table（元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. B、The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine conto

60、ur lines would be good for undergraduates.” D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.【正確答案】C【答案解析】這一段是劍橋大學的Albert Galy的原話，我們可以從引導整個關鍵點得出答案。即：“地學化學家們只想通過直覺判斷元素的活動。我想等高線對學生們有好處”。第33題【單選題】【2009.10】The traffic was held up for more than thirty min