2022年沈陽科技學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年沈陽科技學(xué)院自考英語（二）練習(xí)題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【2009.04】When you _ know Bob better, you will like him. A、go to B、got to C、went to D、get to【正確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：當(dāng)你更加了解鮑勃時(shí)，你將會(huì)喜歡他的。試題分析：本題考查主將從現(xiàn)。詳細(xì)解答：根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原則，主句用了一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 第2題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the are

2、a. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。本題可

3、譯為：暴風(fēng)雨中供電系統(tǒng)沒遭到破壞。最后一句說大風(fēng)和暴雨使一些家庭的供電出現(xiàn)了問題，與題項(xiàng)矛盾，故選B。第3題【單選題】【2009.10】Poor speaker of English though he was at the time, he still managed to make himself _. A、understand B、understood C、understanding D、to understand【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查語法。那個(gè)時(shí)候雖然他說英語說得不好，但仍然可以讓別人聽懂。非謂語動(dòng)詞的選用。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示被動(dòng)以及動(dòng)作的完成。第4題【單選題】【20

4、09.01】Children have a natural_about the world around them. A、certainty B、capability C、cleverness D、curiosity【正確答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子們對(duì)他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心。考查名詞詞義選擇。A 確定性，肯定的事；B 能力，才能；C 精明，聰穎；D 好奇心，求知欲。 第5題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the Eng

5、lish game of cricket（板球）.Q: Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本題對(duì)應(yīng)的語句為：the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket，因此是正確的。第6題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics

6、say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. _. However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education. A、Critics also say that m

7、ost parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. C、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers. D、Others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at hom

8、e.【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段大意是“對(duì) home schooling 提出了質(zhì)疑”，需要注意前面說到了“critics say”，空格處與之對(duì)應(yīng)的是“Critics also say”。第7題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】People suspected that “Lucky”, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mi

9、stake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because_. A、she was looking after the children B、she was a friend of Lucans

10、C、it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan D、Loard Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。因果關(guān)系題。對(duì)照本段People suspected that“Lucky”，as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark，killed the nan

11、ny by mistake.本來是要?dú)⑺钠拮樱墒且驗(yàn)樘焯?，所以錯(cuò)殺了保姆。答案選C。第8題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day.

12、Before he could make arrangements to see his father, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care things. When he arrived at his fathers house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.

13、When the young man arrived home, he felt _. A、sad B、disappointed C、horrible D、nervous【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。年輕人回到家里，出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞sadness和regret，可以判斷年輕人的心情是非常傷心的。故選A。第9題【單選題】【2009.7】He would _ that all the classified data should be kept safe when in office. A、assure B、ensure C、insure D、secure【正確答案】B【答案解析

14、】本題考查動(dòng)詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】他保證在辦公室里的所有機(jī)密數(shù)據(jù)處于安全狀態(tài)?！驹敿?xì)解答】A 使確信，使有信心；B 確保（某事）發(fā)生，擔(dān)保；C 為投保，給保險(xiǎn)；D 安全的，沒有危險(xiǎn)的第10題【單選題】It is no use arguing _ the plan because it has been rejected. A、with B、against C、for D、on【正確答案】C【答案解析】argue作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵；爭(zhēng)辯”。argue for意為“為辯護(hù)”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人爭(zhēng)論”；argue against意為“據(jù)

15、理反對(duì)；爭(zhēng)辯”。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該用for。第11題【單選題】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會(huì)什么時(shí)候召開還沒有決定。詳細(xì)解答：A 什么；B 哪一個(gè)；C 什么時(shí)候；D （無詞義）。第12題【單選題】【2008.04】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、interruption

16、 B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。 A. 打擾、中；斷 B. 動(dòng)機(jī)、誘因； C. 評(píng)估、評(píng)價(jià)； D. 目的地、終點(diǎn)。整句話的意思是：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)機(jī)可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。第13題【單選題】【2009.10】As for family education, parents are encouraged to rely on _ rather than punishment. A、criticism B、intimidation C、persuasion D、scolding【正確答案】C【答案

17、解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分?！咀g文】 關(guān)于家庭教育，鼓勵(lì)父母?jìng)円揽空f服而不是懲罰孩子。 A 批評(píng)、指責(zé) B 恐嚇、威脅 C 說服、勸服 D 責(zé)罵、斥責(zé)第14題【單選題】It is difficult to _ the implication between the lines. A、get to B、get with C、get at D、get down【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查關(guān)于get的詞組辨析。A 開始，接觸 C 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn) D 下來，寫下來。 第15題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by mil

18、lions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of CaliforniaChocolate contains substances called flavonoids(類黃酮) that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulationThe researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a ba

19、r of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation? A、It reduces pain and stress B、It contains substances called flavonoids C、It releases endorphins in human body

20、D、It acts like aspirin to protect heart【正確答案】B【答案解析】因果關(guān)系詞信號(hào)詞。凡是注釋中文的地方可能是答案區(qū)域。第16題【單選題】【2009.01】Children have a natural_about the world around them. A、certainty B、capability C、cleverness D、curiosity【正確答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子們對(duì)他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心。考查名詞詞義選擇。A 確定性，肯定的事；B 能力，才能；C 精明，聰穎；D 好奇心，求知欲。 第17題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Over

21、 the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presiden

22、tial contender.Q: One of Hillarys campaign promises is to reform the nations health care system. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。問題句說“Hillary的一個(gè)競(jìng)選承諾是改革國(guó)家的醫(yī)療制度?！倍径沃皇钦f“女人做教育和醫(yī)療方面的工作有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，沒有說Hillary的一個(gè)競(jìng)選承諾式改革國(guó)家的醫(yī)療制度，因此問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。第18題【單選題】【2009.10】There are many sales this season, durin

23、g which stores will lower their _ prices. A、normal B、general C、ordinary D、usual【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查形容詞辨析。整句話的意思為：這個(gè)季節(jié)有很多促銷活動(dòng)，在此期間商店都會(huì)降低商品的原價(jià)。A 正常的、平常的 B 普通的、一般的 C 普通的 D 尋常的、通常的第19題【單選題】【2009.7】The house was quiet in the night, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、such as C、instead of D、

24、except for【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房子在夜晚非常安靜。A 至于，關(guān)于； B 例如；C 代替，而不是；D 除了以外第20題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit

25、 to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because_. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet. C、the effect is not known. D、genetic changes in tissues can

26、not be performed on humans.【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題答案可從本段的最后一句話中找出。第21題【單選題】At any rate I did not succeed _ myself understood by you. A、making B、made C、to make D、in making【正確答案】D【答案解析】succeed in doing sth: 成功做某事。 第22題【單選題】【2009.04】Ive got the order from the boss that the work _ finished before 5 p.m. today.

27、A、would be B、be C、will have been D、could be【正確答案】B【答案解析】譯文：我已經(jīng)從老板那得到指令，這項(xiàng)工作在今天下午五點(diǎn)鐘之前要完成。試題分析：本題考查名詞從句中的虛擬語氣。詳細(xì)解答：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明order的內(nèi)容。同時(shí)從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形的形式，should 可以省略。第23題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ if you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答

28、案解析】【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊。【試題分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分。【詳細(xì)解答】 A 離開，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨(dú)的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第24題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The children dont just plan any city. They map and analyze（分析） the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of

29、an architect（建筑師）who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom,” says the teacher who developed this program. “They are able to use their own rich imagination and i

30、nventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected official and planning group make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an advis

31、er.”An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom _. A、to find out kids creative ideas B、to discuss with the teacher C、to give children lectures D、to help kids with their program【正確答案】D【答案解析】根據(jù)本段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet the

32、se needs and build models of their creations可知答案為D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。第25題【單選題】【2007.04】Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be _. A、shut down B、done away C、gone off D、called off【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。call off：取消，符合句意。shut down：關(guān)閉（工廠）；（工廠）停工，關(guān)閉。do away常與with搭配，構(gòu)成do away with。go of

33、f：爆炸，（鬧鈴）響。 第26題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. _. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. A、Critics als

34、o say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents. C、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions. D、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正確答案】D【答案解析】后文出現(xiàn)了home-schoolers

35、，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，這里應(yīng)該是對(duì)這個(gè)詞的定義，因此選D。第27題【單選題】【2009.04】If payment is not received, legal action will be our only_. A、aggression B、advantage C、alternative D、ambition【正確答案】C【答案解析】譯文：如果我們收不到付款，那就只好訴諸法律了。試題分析：詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 挑釁、侵犯；B 優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C 選擇、取舍；D 野心、抱負(fù)。第28題【單選題】【2009.04】If payment is not received, legal action will b

36、e our only_. A、aggression B、advantage C、alternative D、ambition【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查詞義選擇。譯文：如果我們收不到付款，那就只好訴諸法律了。A 挑釁、侵犯；B 優(yōu)勢(shì)、優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C 選擇、取舍；D 野心、抱負(fù)。第29題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Five neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians (百歲老人) get asked all the time：“How did you live to be 100?Q: Th

37、e five centenarians live in a very friendly community A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。題目說的是“這五位百歲老人生活在一個(gè)非常友好的社區(qū)”，文章開頭部分提到了“community(社區(qū))”，但該句并沒有說這五位百歲老人生活的社區(qū)是否是一個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，因此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有提到。第30題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just _. A、tentative B、valid C、

38、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第31題【單選題】【2009.01】What he told us was more of a(n)_than a reality. A、illusion B、demonstration C、illustration D、reputation【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我們的更可能是幻想而不是現(xiàn)實(shí)?？疾槊~詞義。A 幻

39、想，錯(cuò)誤觀念；B 演示，證明；C 圖解，實(shí)例；D 名聲，名譽(yù)。第32題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmokers health. _. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic

40、 （有毒的） chemicals in their bodies. A、The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. B、Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. C、We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants. D、In the United States, nine million children under the age of five

41、live in homes with at least one smoker.【正確答案】B【答案解析】前一句講的是科學(xué)家們過去對(duì)二手煙的看法，接下來應(yīng)選表示他們改變觀點(diǎn)的句子，因?yàn)橄乱痪浔砻魉麄兯值挠^點(diǎn)已與過去截然不同。第33題【單選題】【2008.04】That proposal is essentially irrelevant _ the issue at hand. A、with B、from C、in D、to【正確答案】D【答案解析】【譯文】那個(gè)提案與手頭上的問題根本無關(guān)。【試題分析】本題考查介詞的固定搭配。 【詳細(xì)解答】 irrelevant to 表示：與無關(guān)。第34題【單

42、選題】【2008.04】The farming methods have been _ improved with the invention of the new machine. A、efficiently B、proficiently C、professionally D、intentionally【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查副詞詞義辨析。句子翻譯為：由于新機(jī)器的發(fā)明，人們已經(jīng)高效率地改進(jìn)了農(nóng)業(yè)耕種方法。A 高效率地 B熟練地 C 職業(yè)地、專職地 D 故意地、有意地。第35題【單選題】【填句補(bǔ)文】All children in the United States have to r

43、eceive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. _. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. A、Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children

44、. B、In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents. C、Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions. D、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正確答案】D【答案解析】后文出現(xiàn)了home-schoolers，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)，這里應(yīng)該是對(duì)這個(gè)詞的定義，因此選D。第36題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ i

45、f you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊。【試題分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿?xì)解答】 A 離開，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨(dú)的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第37題【單選題】_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A、There B、This C、That D、It【正確答案】D【答案解析】為了保持句子的平衡，往

46、往用先行詞it作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語放到后面，尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞it作形式主語。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.第38題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. Thi

47、s made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Q: Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】A【答案解析】答案選A。本題的意思是：救援車輛費(fèi)了很大勁才把人救出來。此句的意思在最后一句提到了，故選A。第39題【單選題】【2007.04】The central theatre has a seatin

48、g _ of more than 3, 000 people. A、capability B、capacity C、ability D、facility【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查詞義辨析。ability主要指天賦的能力或應(yīng)用知識(shí)的才能，應(yīng)該是屬于那種已經(jīng)具備并發(fā)展較快的能力。如“He has unusual ability in science“。capability與ability不同的是，它不僅能用于人，也可用于物，如：Electronic refinements, however, have greatly extended the uses and capabilities o

49、f some of the older electrical devicescapacity指容納或吸收事物的能力，可用于人和物。如“The hall has a seating capacity of 500”。根據(jù)句意，本題應(yīng)該選capacity。 第40題【單選題】What he had done is _ A、value B、of valuable C、of no value D、of no valuable【正確答案】C【答案解析】of+n=adj，可以作表語。of no value：沒有一點(diǎn)價(jià)值。value是名詞，不能作表語，也不能形容主語的性質(zhì)。B和D都是of+adj的結(jié)構(gòu)，是錯(cuò)

50、誤的。第41題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the areaA Swiss woman believed i

51、t might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years oldAll the followings are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT_ A、he wa

52、s a soldier in World War I B、he was a Swiss womans long-lost father C、he was born about a thousand years ago D、he came from Italy【正確答案】D【答案解析】解題步驟：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)回到原文對(duì)應(yīng)位置，確認(rèn)是否正確。第42題【單選題】【2009.01】He insured his car_he had an accident. A、unless B、if C、since D、in case【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查連詞詞義區(qū)分。句意：他給自己的汽車投了保，以防萬一遇

53、到交通事故。A否則，要不然；B 如果；C 自從，由于；D 以防萬一，以免。 第43題【單選題】【2010.04】The student _ described the beautiful mountains and rivers in his home town. A、artificially B、vividly C、critically D、viciously【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。這個(gè)學(xué)生生動(dòng)地描述了他的家鄉(xiāng)美麗的山河。第44題【單選題】【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Fir

54、stly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he most important factors in the environment are language and psychologic

55、al aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between privileged and disadvantaged children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is _. A、Two Majo

56、r Changed View of Intelligence B、Many of the differences in measured intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Impact on School Education【正確答案】C【答案解析】本段文字的第一句話就把其內(nèi)容點(diǎn)的很清楚，要介紹的是：Two major findings have emerged from these researches.而選項(xiàng)C中的Main Results只不過是major findings的另一種說法而已。第45題【單選題】【2008.0

57、4】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。 A. 打擾、中；斷 B. 動(dòng)機(jī)、誘因； C. 評(píng)估、評(píng)價(jià)； D. 目的地、終點(diǎn)。整句話的意思是：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的動(dòng)機(jī)可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。第46題【單選題】【2009.04】The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is

58、just _. A、tentative B、valid C、technical D、thorough【正確答案】A【答案解析】譯文：這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析：形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細(xì)解答：A 不確定的、試探性的；B 正當(dāng)?shù)?、有根?jù)的、有效的；C 技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D 徹底的、十足的。第47題【單選題】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會(huì)什么時(shí)候召開還沒有決定。詳細(xì)解

59、答：A 什么；B 哪一個(gè)；C 什么時(shí)候；D （無詞義）。第48題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the are

60、aA Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years oldAll the followings are assumptions once made about t