商務(wù)英語綜合教程2 漢譯英(共6頁)

1、商務(wù)英語綜合(zngh)教程2 漢譯英原文(yunwn)P19 近年來在布魯塞爾不難看到，英語正以不可遏止的態(tài)勢日益成為歐洲的通用(tngyng)語言。哪些母語是英語、懶于學(xué)習(xí)漢語的人們（的確有這樣的人），可以毫不費(fèi)力地在布魯塞爾工作或游覽，這讓人感覺難堪。在這個迷人的比利時城市，到處可以聽到英語，看到英文，并越來越普遍，在水泥和玻璃構(gòu)成的歐洲區(qū)更是如此。但是，與這一趨勢相反的跡象也日益彰顯，這倒不是因為懷舊，而是出于經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和政治公平的考慮。非常巧合，在布魯塞爾你也能看到反對英語成為通用語的態(tài)勢的增長。在歐洲區(qū)，歐盟的擴(kuò)張使得英文不僅領(lǐng)先于其他語言，而且出于絕對優(yōu)勢地位。歐盟號稱擁有27個成

2、員國，23種官方語言，但只有重要會議才用翻譯；事實上，較低級別的會議中唯一的工作語言是英語。這對于歐洲是否有益？給人的感覺是這樣比較高效，但是對于很多人來說，英語本族語人享有不公平的優(yōu)勢：用母語辯論要容易得多。并且，對于非英語本族語人來講，聽懂其他國家非英語本族語人的英語是很難的，但對于英國人或愛爾蘭人來講，破譯各種口音的英文并非難事。瑞士經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家弗蘭克斯。格林（Francois Grin）說，借助英語的優(yōu)勢，英國人每年從鄰國隱性獲利數(shù)十億歐元。他給出了多種理由，其中之一是，英國用于學(xué)校語言教學(xué)的支出，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于法國、瑞士等國家。更令人難以接受的是，英國從教外國人學(xué)英語中獲利。In recent

3、 years Brussels has been a fine place to observe the irresistible rise of English as Europes lingua franca. For native speakers of English who are lazy about learning languages (yes, they exist), Brussels has become embarrassingly easy place to work or visit. English is increasingly audible and visi

4、ble in this charming Belgian city, and widespread in the conerete-and-grass European quarter. Now , however, signs of a backlash are building. This is not based sentiment, but on points of economic efficiency and political fairness. And in a coincidence, Brussels is again a good place to watch the b

5、acklash develop.Start in the European district, where the expansion of the European Union has left English not just ahead of other languages, but in the position of utter dominance. The union now boasts 27 members and 23 official languages, but important meetings use interpreters. At lower levels, a

6、s a matter of fact, English is the language spoken.Is this good for Europe? It feels efficient, but being a native English-speaker also seems to many to confer an unfair advantage. It is far easier to argue a point in your mother tongue. It is also hard work for even the best non-native speakers to

7、understand other non-native versions of English, whereas it is no great strain for the British or Irish to decipher the various accents.Francois Grin, a Swiss economist, argues that Britain enjoys hidden transfer from its neighbors worth billions of Euros a year, thanks to the English language. He o

8、ffers several reasons, starting with spending in Britain on language teaching in schools, which is proportionately lower than in France or Switzerland, say, to add insult to injury Britain profits from teaching English to foreigners.P421986年，飛機(jī)(fij)制造商們發(fā)布了他們第一部簡化技術(shù)英語（Simplified Technical English）指南(

9、zhnn)，隨后被美國航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(Air Transport Association of America)采用(ciyng)，并自那時起成為一個國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具體體現(xiàn)在其各項指令當(dāng)中，這些指令旨在確保一旦人們掌握某個詞所表達(dá)的意思，就不會遇到該詞還表示其他意思的情況。例如，飛機(jī)制造商們被告知，單詞“follow”始終應(yīng)表示“跟隨”而不是“遵守”之意。因此，你能夠說“Obey（遵守）安全指令”，而不能再說“Follow（遵守）安全指令”。你會明白，為什么此項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在飛機(jī)維修書中或許是有價值的，但在報道信貸危機(jī)時卻會帶來不必要的限制。然而，至少有一個新聞機(jī)構(gòu)已開發(fā)出簡化英語服務(wù)，并且距今已有

10、相當(dāng)一段時間。美國之音（Voice of America）于1959年播出了第一期所謂的“特別英語”（Special English）的節(jié)目。該節(jié)目的詞匯表稍大一些1500個單詞。它還擁有文法規(guī)則：使用短句，每句只包含一個意思；使用主動語態(tài)；不使用成語；而最為重要的的是，語速要慢。“特別英語”節(jié)目廣播員的語速是正常語速的三分之二。對于一個母語為英語的人來說，這種效果會令人昏昏欲睡。不過對于一個母語非英語的人來說，能增進(jìn)理解必定是令人興奮的。簡化英語可能不適用于每個人，但是隨著全世界工作語言為英語的人數(shù)增加，我想我們將看到它的更多應(yīng)用。In 1986, the manufacturers iss

11、ued their first guide to Simplified Technical English, which was then adopted by the Air Transport Association of America and has since become an international standard,The standard is special in its instructions, which aim to ensure that once someone has learnt a word in one form, they will not enc

12、ounter it in another. So, manufacturers are told the word “follow” should always mean “come after” and not “obey”. So you can say “obey the safety instruction” but not “follow the instruction”.You can see why this might be useful in aircraft maintenance books but it would be unnecessarily restrictiv

13、e in reporting the credit crisis.But at least one news organization has developed a simplified English service, and it did it some time back. The voice of America broadcast its first program in what it calls “Special English”.This has a slightly bigger vocabulary-1,500 words. It also has style rules

14、: use short sentences that contain only one idea. Use the active voice. Do not use idioms. And above all, speak slowly. The special English broadcasters speak at two-thirds of normal speed.To a native speaker, the effect is soporific. To a non-native speaker, the increase in comprehension must be th

15、rilling. Simplified English may not be for everyone, but with the rise in the number of people around the world working in English, I suspect we will see more of it.P63大學(xué)需要適應(yīng)不斷變幻(binhun)的世界所帶來的變化的機(jī)會。在未來，教育將會變成一個終身的需要求。我們已經(jīng)看到被人們稱為“燃料箱”的這一教育模式的結(jié)束。在這種教育模式下，人們年輕時用知識來給自己填充燃料，接下來在其一生的工作中逐漸消耗所學(xué)的知識，直到退休。現(xiàn)在，

16、通過因特網(wǎng)向數(shù)千英里外的人傳送知識的機(jī)會大大增大了。因此，教學(xué)本身、教學(xué)對象和教學(xué)方法都要改變。所以，我堅持認(rèn)為，如果在一個時代，一個社會的富裕和成功是建立在如何更好地生產(chǎn)糧食上；而在另一個時代，一個社會的富裕和成功是建立在如何更好地生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)用鋼鐵；那么，在我們正在前進(jìn)的當(dāng)今世界上，一個社會的富裕和成功是建立在如何產(chǎn)生和運(yùn)用知識上。在這點上，我堅信沒有什么機(jī)構(gòu)能比大學(xué)更重要(zhngyo)。大學(xué)永恒的傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是我們要永遠(yuǎn)年輕，永遠(yuǎn)要承諾不斷更新自我。這就是全世界大學(xué)應(yīng)該做的。Universities will need to adapt to the changing opportunitie

17、s that the changing world brings. In the future, education is going to be much more of a lifelong demand. We are seeing already the end of what one might call the fuel tank model of education, where people fill themselves up with knowledge when they are young, gradually deplete their knowledge as th

18、ey work through a lifetime, then retire. The opportunities to deliver knowledge to people who are thousands of miles away are greatly magnified by the internet. So the work of teaching who we teach and how we teach them- will change.Hence, I am firmly convinced that if in one era the wealth and the success of a society depend on how well it grew food, and if in an