動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)虛擬語氣主謂一致頁P(yáng)PT課件

1、動詞時態(tài)現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行do/doesdidwill/shall dowould/shouldam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill/shall be doingwould/should be doing現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來完成完成進(jìn)行have/has donehad donewill/shall have donewould/should have donehave/has been doinghave been doing will/shall have been doingwould/should have been doing一般將來時的用法wi

2、ll/shall + 動詞原形be going to + 不定式,表示打算準(zhǔn)備要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。Eg. How are you going to spend your holiday?be about to +不定式,表示即將發(fā)生的動作。be to +不定式,表示計劃中的義務(wù)要做的事，含有“不得不”強(qiáng)制意義。Eg. The president of America is to visit China next month.(5)come,go,leave,start,arrive,fly等動詞后，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來。(6)在短語make sure, see (to) it, be s

3、ure后接從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。eg.My mother _(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.eg.Make sure all the windows _(close) before you leave.eg.See to it that the door _(fasten) before you go to bed.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與always, continually, constantly, forever等頻度副詞連用，表示贊嘆、厭煩等感情色彩。eg. They _ forever _(quarrel) about something.3.現(xiàn)

4、在/過去完成時的用法(1)在“It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+名詞+that”中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。(2)在“It/This is the first/last time that”中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。(3)在“It was the first time that sb. had done”中,主句一般過去時，that引導(dǎo)的從句用過去完成時。(4)hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean=intend, suppose等的過去完成時的含義指“過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計劃”。含失望的感情色彩。Eg. This is

5、the most interesting book that I _(read).We _(hope) that you would be able to visit us, but you did not.It was the first time that we _(travel) together.She _(think) of paying us a visit, but was prevented from doing so.(5)用在“no soonerthan”和“hardly/scarcelywhen”（一 就）中，從句用一般過去時。no sooner/hardly/scarc

6、ely放句首，要倒裝eg. We had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.We had hardly reached home when it began to rain. 他一進(jìn)辦公室，電話就響了。（倒裝）Hardly had he entered the office when the phone rang. 4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的用法結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has been doing,表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作。如：I have written a letter.I have been writing a letter.已寫完還在寫注

7、意：短暫動詞 (finish,marry,get up,come,go等)不能用這種時態(tài)。Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything . A.to tellB.to be told C.to be tellingD.to have been toldThe new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C.was designedD. would be designed 3.

8、Books of this kind _ well. A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is soldDBAIn recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _.A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the betterC. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be5. -How

9、 are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didnt feel B. wasnt feelingC. dont feel D. havent feltCDI thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentionedC. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned7. In such dry weather, the flower

10、s will have to be watered if they _.A. had survived B. are to surviveC. would survive D. will surviveCB動詞語態(tài)一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來am/is/are askedam/is/are being askedhave/been askedwas/were askedwas/were being askedhad been askedshall/will be askedshall/will have been askedshould/would be askedshould/would

11、 have been asked1.say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know,consider,hope等以it作形式主語時用被動語態(tài)，后接that從句。如：據(jù)說我們足球隊(duì)贏得了比賽。It is said that our football team has won the game.=Our football team is said to have won the game.不及物動詞，包括不及物動詞用的短語動詞，如take place, appear, happen, occur,belong to, return, break out,rise,

12、consist of不用被動。所有的聯(lián)系動詞，如：taste,look,sound,prove,taste,wear不用被動語態(tài)這菜嘗起來可口。The dish tastes delicious.3.用非謂語的主動表示被動(1)want,need, require,deserve后用動名詞的主動形式。如：學(xué)生們需要照料。The student needs/wants/requires looking after. (2)形容詞worth后用動名詞主動表示被動。如：The book is well worth reading.Make sure that you _ all the window

13、s when you leave the home . A.shut B.will shut C.have shut D.would shutEdison _ questions, _ made his teacher very angry. A.always asked;that B.was always asking;which C.always asks;which D.had always asked;that The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was to travel B. had be

14、en traveling C. was traveling D. traveledABC(3)不定式在形容詞(difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous) 后作狀語，與主語或賓語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，用主動。這是因?yàn)樾稳菰~后省略了for sb.如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand.He is easy (for people) to get along with.She found the maths problem easy

15、 to work out.(4)不定式作名詞的后置定語，與被修飾詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，與主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用主動表示被動。如：He has a lot of work to do this evening.Ill give him something to read.(5) 在there be 中修飾主語的不定式用主動或被動都可。如：There are many things to do/to be done.4.不及物動詞后和副詞well,easily連用時，如clean,cook,burn,draw,play,read,sell,wash,write等，用主動表示被動。如：這布很經(jīng)洗/很暢銷。T

16、he cloths washes/sells well.這首詩讀起來很流暢。This poem reads smoothly.5.不及物動詞act,keep,lock,move,open,shut和cant,wont連用時，用主動形式。如：這戲不會上演。The play wont act.天氣暖了，魚就存放不久。In warm weather meat and fish wont keep long.6.作表語的形容詞后，用不定式的主動。這魚不能食用。The fish is not fit to eat.虛擬語氣1. 虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句條件狀語從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事

17、實(shí)相反動詞過去式（be用were）would/should+動原動詞過去完成式would/should+have done動詞過去式/were to +動原/should+動原would/should+動原eg. If I _(be) you, I would ask our teacher for help.If I _(have) enough money tomorrow, I _(buy) a copy of “Harry Potter” .If I _(not take) the wrong bus, I _(not miss) the contest.(1)混合時間的條件句eg.假

18、如我以前學(xué)過法語，現(xiàn)在就能為我們的法國朋友翻譯。If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friends.(2)含蓄條件句eg. Without water, we _(die).had beenwould die(3)無主句的條件句 eg. If only I _(be) more careful.2.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句:(should)+動原表示建議：suggest,propose,recommend,advise表示主張：insist,maintain/hold(主張),urge(呼吁)表示

19、要求：ask,request,require,demand,desire表示命令：order,commandeg. The doctor ordered that she _(stay) in bed for a few days.3.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal, suggestion,request 的表語從句、同位語從句:(should)+動原Eg. My idea is that he _ do exercises first.4.虛擬語氣用于主語從句It is necessary/important/natural/desirable

20、/advisable/strange that we (should) clean the room every day.It will be desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/recommended/proposed that I (should) finish my homework this afternoon.5.虛擬語氣用于wish, if only, as if/though等句中：用法動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)過去完成式would/could/might+原形(1) If onl

21、y I _ (be) a bird.(2) I wish it _ (be) spring all years around.(3) I wish I _ (arrive) two hours earlier.(4) It looks as if it _ (rain).(5) They talked as if they _ (be) friends years before. (6) If only I _ (take) his advice.werewerehad arrivedcould rainhad been had taken 6.虛擬語氣在would rather后接從句:從句

22、用過去完成時指過去從句用過去時指現(xiàn)在、將來(1) I would rather she _( not do) that just now.(2) I would rather you _(pay) me now.(3) I would rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.would 可看作表愿望的實(shí)義動詞。hant donepaidpainted6.以in order that, so that 引起的從句：The professor spoke slowly in order that the listeners could hear h

23、im clearly.7.以It is (high) time引起的從句：eg. It is time we stopped/should stop this practice.主謂一致語法一致意義一致Five and five are ten.(將five and five看作并列主語 )Ten years have passed since the founding of the Union.(將ten years看作復(fù)數(shù) )Five and five is ten.(將five and five看作一個整體 )Ten years is a moment in history.(將ten

24、years看作一段時間 )(1)根據(jù)意義一致的原則，加減乘除運(yùn)算多用單數(shù)：Twenty divided by four _ five.Five times seven _ thirty-five.(2)“Many a +名詞”或“more than one+名詞”，意義雖復(fù)數(shù)，但根據(jù)語法一致的原則：Many a man _ (do) his duty.More than one game _(lose).has donewas lost1.就近原則：由or, eitheror, neithernor , not onlybut also連接Mr. Wang or I _ (be) to take the job.Either Mary or her classmates _ (be) wrong.Not only Wang Li but also his girlfriend _ (scold) by the teacher. 注意：here, there引導(dǎo)的句子,如有并列主語，謂語動詞也按就近原則。Here _ (be) a stamp and an envelope for you.There _ (be) two pencils, a pen, a ruler and a rubber in the b