Unit-3-Leadership-演示文稿[232頁]課件

1、Unit 3Leadership2022/7/231商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan WanwenUnit 32022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen2ContentsLead-in ActivitiesIntensive ReadingExercises GrammarSupplementary ReadingBusiness TermsLead-in Activities （聽力）: 原文Task 1Task 22022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen3（聽力）原文-1Wome

2、n now (1)_ more than 40 percent of employees in services such as (2)_, finance, and private equity, far more than in the past. This (3)_ is likely to continue.But few such gains are (4)_ in the leadership of professional service firms. Men continue to (5)_ the top ranks of nearly every big firm fewe

3、r than 1 percent of professional services firm CEOs are women and corporate America isnt doing much betteronly 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen4（聽力）原文-2(6)_ of top earning positions in Fortune 500 companies are held by women.This gender (7)_ in the executive suites is costing firms money.

4、 Companies that fail to (8)_ and promote women to top leadership positions experience a significant drain on resources and talent. They must bring in new employees to balance the outflow of women, and they must reach deeper into the remaining ranks to fill management positions. 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四）

5、譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen5（聽力）原文-3One reason why women fail to reach the top management positions of professional services firms is that they face a set of challenges not (9_ encountered by men. What strategies have the most successful women (10)_ to navigate these (11)_? To find out, we conducted (12_

6、 interviews with 19 of the most senior women in consulting, private equity and finance and asked them this question. All of them offered reflections and advice on the strategies that got them to the top of the (13)_.2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen6（聽力）原文-4One conclusion is that there is

7、no (14)_ strategy. Each individual developed a set of strategies (15)_ to her career ambitions, situation and personality. Lead-in Activities （聽力）: 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen7Task 1 Blank-filling (Keys)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen81. comprise2.consulting3. trend4. app

8、arent5. dominate6. 7.6%7. imbalance8. retain9. typically10. adopted11.obstacles12. in-depth13. pyramid14. magic15. tailoredTask 2 True or False -11.Considering various factors, professional business services are regarded quite suitable for working women. (T)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwe

9、n9Task 2 True or False -22.In America today, over 50 percent of females hold a degree of higher education. (F)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen10Task 2 True or False -33.In professional service firms all over the world, women account for more than 40 percent of the workforce. (F)2022/7/23商

10、務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen11Task 2 True or False -44.Gender imbalance of the workforce in a professional service firm will cost the firm much money. (F)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen12Task 2 True or False -55.Women leaders in professional service firms are 35% more than male lead

11、ers.(F)Unit 32022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen13Intensive ReadingPre-reading QuestionsDetailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen14Pre-reading Questions(1)Do you wish to rise to the leadership one day?(2)What essential qualities do you think a good leader must hav

12、e?(3)What do you know about the responsibilities of a chief executive officer?2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen15Detailed Study of the TextParagraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6Paragraph 7Paragraph 82022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen16Paragraph 1The Way

13、s Chief Executive Officers Lead By Charles M. Farkas and Suzy WetlauferThere is no shortage of schools for businesspeople of every specialty: accountants, engineers, financiers, technologists, information specialists, marketers, and, of course, general2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen17Par

14、agraph 1 (Continued-1)managers, who have their choice of hundreds, if not thousands, of M.B.A. programs. But where is the school for the person in charge of getting the best results from all these members of the organization? There is no school for CEOsexcept the school of experience. Chief executiv

15、es must learn on the job how to lead a 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen18Paragraph 1 (Continued-2)company, and they must learn while every stakeholder is watching. Detailed Study of the Text 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen19Paragraph 2The CEOs job is like no other in the organ

16、ization. It is infinite. Senior executives are, by definition, ultimately responsible for every decision and action of every member of the company, including those decisions and actions of which they are not aware. CEOseven new onesare allowed few mistakes. Not2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wa

17、nwen20Paragraph 2 (Continued)surprisingly, research shows that between 35% and 50% of all CEOs are replaced within five years. That is a costly proposition for any organization, for no company can lose its leader without losing some sense, even temporarily, of its identity and direction.Detailed Stu

18、dy of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen21Paragraph 3Two years ago, our interest in the role of the CEO prompted us to begin an extensive study of how senior executives lead. Over 12 months, we interviewed 160 chief executives around the world, most of whom were running major corpor

19、ations in industries as diverse as gold mining, computers, and soft drinks. Our goal2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen22Paragraph 3 (Continued -1)was to examine the set of attitudes, activities, and behaviors that determined how those executives managed their organizations. To be honest, go

20、ing into the project we hypothesized that there might turn out to be 160 different approaches to 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen23Paragraph 3 (Continued -2)leadership. There were not. Only 5 distinct approaches emerged from our data.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PP

21、T制作：Tan Wanwen24Paragraph 4No matter where a company is located or what it makes, its CEO must develop a guiding, over-arching philosophy about how he or she can best add value. This philosophy determines the CEOs approach to leadership. Byapproach, we mean which areas of corporate policyfor example

22、, strategic planning, R&D, or2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen25Paragraph 4 (Continued -1)recruitingreceive the most attention, what kind of people and behaviors the CEO values in the organization, which decisions the CEO makes personally or delegates, and how he or she spends each day. A

23、leadership approach is a coherent, explicit style of management, not a reflection of personal style. This is a2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen26Paragraph 4 (Continued -2)critical distinction. We found that in effective companies, CEOs do not simply adopt the leadership approach that suits

24、 their personalities but instead adopt the approach that will best meet the needs of the organization and the business situation at hand. Is the industry growing explosively or is it mature?2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen27Paragraph 4 (Continued -3)How many competitors exist and how stro

25、ng are they? Does technology matter and, if so, where is it going? What are the organizations capital and human assets? What constitutes sustainable competitive advantage, and how close is the organization to achieving it? The answers to questions such as2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen28

26、Paragraph 4 (Continued -4)these determine which of the following four leadership approaches an effective CEO will adopt.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen29Paragraph 51. The Strategy Approach.CEOs who use this approach believe that their most important job is to cr

27、eate, test, and design the implementation of long-term strategy, extending in some cases into the distant future. Their position overseeing all areas of the corporation, they explain, gives them2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen30Paragraph 5 (Continued -1)the unique ability to determine the

28、ir organizations allocation of resources and optimal direction. On a day-to-day basis, they spend their time in activities intended to ascertain their organizations point of departure (the current business situation) and point of arrival (the most advantageous market position in2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四）

29、譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen31Paragraph 5 (Continued -2)the future). These CEOs devote approximately 80% of their time to matters external to the organizations operationscustomers, competitors, technological advances, and market trendsas opposed to internal matters such as hiring or control systems. It fo

30、llows, then, that they2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen32Paragraph 5 (Continued -3)tend to value employees to whom they can delegate the day-to-day operation of their organizations as well as those who possess finely tuned analytical and planning skills.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商

31、務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen33Paragraph 62. The Human-Assets Approach.In marked contrast to CEOs in the above group, human-assets CEOs strongly believe that strategy formulation belongs close to the markets, in the business units. According to these CEOs, their primary job is to impart to their

32、 organizations certain values,2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen34Paragraph 6 (Continued -1)behaviors, and attitudes by closely managing the growth and development of individuals. These executives travel constantly, spending the majority of their time in personnel-related activities such as

33、 recruiting, performance reviews, and career mapping. Their goal is to create a universe of satellite CEOs: people at2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen35Paragraph 6 (Continued -2)every level of the organization who act and make decisions as the CEO would. Not surprisingly, these executives

34、value long-term employees who consistently exhibit “company way” behaviors, as opposed to so-called mavericks, who 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen36Paragraph 6 (Continued -3)do not always adhere to organizational norms.Detailed Study of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen

35、37Paragraph 73. The Expertise Approach.Executives who lead by using this approach believe that the CEOs most important responsibility is selecting and disseminating within the corporation an area of expertise that will be a source of competitive advantage. Their schedules show that they devote the m

36、ajority of their time2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen38Paragraph 7 (Continued -1)to activities related to the cultivation and continual improvement of the expertise, such as studying new technological research, analyzing competitors products, and meeting with engineers and customers. They

37、 often focus on designing programs, systems, and procedures, such as promotion policies and training plans2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen39Paragraph 7 (Continued -2)that reward people who acquire the expertise and share it across the borders of business units and functions. These CEOs te

38、nd to hire people who are trained in the expertise, but they also seek candidates who possess flexible minds, lack biases, and demonstrate2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen40Paragraph 7 (Continued -3)a willingness to be immersedindoctrinatedis not too strong a wordin the expertise.Detailed

39、Study of the Text2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen41Paragraph 84. The Box Approach.CEOs in this category believe that they can add the most value in their organizations by creating, communicating, and monitoring an explicit set of controlsfinancial, cultural, or boththat ensure uniform, pr

40、edictable behaviors and experiences for customers and2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen42Paragraph 8 (Continued -1)employees. CEOs who use this approach believe that their companies success depends on the ability to provide customers with a consistent and risk-free experience. As a result,

41、these executives spend their days attending to exceptions to their organizations controls, such as quarterly results that are below2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen43Paragraph 8 (Continued -2)expectations or a project that misses its deadline. In addition, they devote more time than the ot

42、her types of CEOs to developing detailed, prescriptive policies, procedures, and rewards to reinforce desired behaviors. Finally, these executives tend to value seniority within the organization, often promoting people2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen44Paragraph 8 (Continued -3)with many y

43、ears of service to the corporate team and rarely hiring top-level executives from outside the company. (1099 words)Detailed Study of the TextUnit 32022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen45Chief Executive Officer (CEO)在我國國企改革之前，公司最高領導人是總裁(President)，或者CEO。值得注意的是，CEO在中國公司，特別是國企改革之后用的較少。CEO是美國公司制度改

44、革后新出現(xiàn)的，首席執(zhí)行官，為公司執(zhí)行層的最高領導。一般情況下CEO與總裁President是一人兼任的，也有一些公司CEO手下設有President。中國公司執(zhí)行層的最高首腦總裁/總經(jīng)理一般都翻為president。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen46董事長在我國國企改革之后，各大央企國企都設置董事會。于是企業(yè)分為決策層與執(zhí)行層。 決策層為董事會，最高領導為董事長，Chairman of the board。這是沒有疑問的，比如王董事長就叫做Chairman Wang。在董事會中，執(zhí)行董事叫做executive director，非執(zhí)行董事

45、叫做non-executive director。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen47總經(jīng)理執(zhí)行層最高領導為總經(jīng)理。而在中文中，總經(jīng)理一詞覆蓋了許多不同的職位，英譯過程中需要加以區(qū)別。以一個大型集團或跨國公司為例，從上到下，“總經(jīng)理”的翻譯方式如下： 集團總經(jīng)理 President 集團直屬二級公司總經(jīng)理 President 集團三級及三級以下公司總經(jīng)理 MD:Managing Director或者GM:General ManagerMD與GM的區(qū)別在于：MD是董事總經(jīng)理，也就是說，該總經(jīng)理在本公司或其他公司擔任執(zhí)行董事或非執(zhí)行董事。GM就

46、是沒有董事身份的總經(jīng)理，還有辦公室主任，也翻譯為General Manager.2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen48“副總經(jīng)理”特別要注意的是“副總經(jīng)理”的翻譯方法，其中存在一個誤區(qū)。副總，不是簡單的譯為vice president，而應該是executive vice president。在國外公司制度中，VP是很小的職位，就像我們?nèi)ゾ瓢刹宛^，經(jīng)常給我們散名片的那種所謂的“業(yè)務副總”一樣，公司內(nèi)會有很多VP。但是EVP就是真正的總經(jīng)理以下的領導，一般大公司內(nèi)也就三到四個EVP。如果這幾個EVP還有大小之分，那么級別最高的叫Senior E

47、VP。這是很重要的，因為外事會議講究一個平級會見。如果外方出一個EVP，而我方由于翻譯的錯誤讓對方以為出了一名VP，那會被認為是非常不尊重對方的行為，會有礙于業(yè)務的達成。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen49一組容易混淆的頭銜助理總經(jīng)理 assistant president 總經(jīng)理助理 assistant to the president二者的區(qū)別在于: 前者是總經(jīng)理，但后者是助理。平時遇到的總經(jīng)理助理比較多，因此要切忌不要把“助理”譯為“經(jīng)理”。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen50請翻

48、譯下文中涉及到的“頭銜”當?shù)貢r間1月1日，正在德國漢堡訪問的中海集團王小龍總經(jīng)理在漢堡商會總部會見了商會總裁馬可波羅先生。中海集運王小虎總經(jīng)理、中海集團歐洲公司總經(jīng)理王小明、集團運輸部總經(jīng)理王小紅、總經(jīng)理辦公室主任王小麗等相關人員陪同出席了會議。Paragraph 1 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen51infinite adj.without limits; endless; too numerous to be counted 無限的；無窮的；無數(shù)的The most amazing thing about nature is its i

49、nfinite variety.大自然最讓人驚嘆的是它的無限多樣性。Human beings have an infinite capacity for self-deception.人類自欺的本事是無窮的。Paragraph 22022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen52replace v. -1take the place of (sb/sth) 代替, 取代（某人某事物）Robots are replacing people on assembly lines. 機器人逐漸代替了裝配線上的工人。His deputy replaced him

50、as leader. 他的副手接替他當了領導. 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen53replace v. -2 sb/sth (with sb/sth): provide a substitute for sb/sth 更換、替換某人某事物replace a broken window (with a new one) （用新窗戶）更換破了的窗戶He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不稱職, 必須撤換。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen54rep

51、lace v. -3put (sth) back in its place 將（某物）放回原處replace the book on the shelf 把書放回書架上 replace the receiver, ie after telephoning 把聽筒放回原處（打電話后） Paragraph 2 (Continued)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen55proposition n.(infml) matter to be dealt with; problem or task要處理的事; 問題; 任務Even among seas

52、oned mountaneers Pinnacle Ridge is considered quite a tough proposition. 即使在經(jīng)驗豐富的登山者中，平納克爾峰也被認為是很難攀登的。Paragraph 2 (Continued)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen56prompt v. -1cause or incite (sb) to do sth 促使或激勵（某人）做某事What prompted him to be so generous? 是什么原因使得他如此大方呢? 2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬

53、文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen57prompt v. -2inspire or cause (a feeling or an action) 激起（感情）; 喚起（行動）Her question was prompted by worries about her future. 她提出那個問題是因為她對前途十分憂慮。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen58prompt n.act of prompting or words spoken to prompt an actor, a speaker, etc （給予演員 發(fā)言者等的）提示

54、, 提詞She needed an occasional prompt. 她需要不時給予提示。prompter n. person who prompts in a play 提詞員2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen59prompting n. C, U (act of) urging or persuading 推動; 激勵; 敦促; 驅使Despite several promptings from his parents the boy refused to apologize. 盡管那男孩的父母三番五次要他認錯, 那男孩就是不聽。He

55、 did it without any prompting from me. 他做這事完全不用我督促。Paragraph 32022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen60hypothesize v.believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds假設，假定，猜測To explain this, they hypothesize that galaxies must contain a great deal of missing matter which cannot be detected.為了

56、解釋這一點，他們假定銀河系一定包含了大量無法探測到的不明物質。Paragraph 3 (Continued -1)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen61distinct adj.-1 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的; 清晰的; 明顯的; 明白的; 明確的The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足跡清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下來的。I had the distinct impression that I

57、 was being watched. 我很明顯地感覺到有人在監(jiān)視我。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen62distinct adj.-2 (from sth) different in kind; separate 種類不同的; 分開的Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct. 盡管這些植物看起來很相似, 實際上卻屬于完全不同的種類。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen63distinct與dis

58、tinctive -1這一對詞都是形容詞，拼法也相近，但涵義不同。distinct的意思是“分明的、明了的、清楚的”（wellmarked，clearly defined or easily discernible）The photo you took in Hong Kong Cultural Centre is not distinct enough你在香港文化中心拍的那張照片不夠清晰。She has a distinct pronunciation她的發(fā)音清楚。There is a distinct smell of smoke in my room我的房間里有一股明顯的香煙味。2022

59、/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen64distinct與distinctive -2distinct還可用以表示“不同的、有區(qū)別的”意味。This picture is distinct from that這幅圖和那幅不同。The twins have distinct personalities這對雙胞胎的個性并不相同。2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen65distinct與distinctive -3distinctive的意思是“表示差別的、有特色的、特殊的”（marking or showi

60、ng a difference）。Can you find the distinctive watermarks of this stamp？你能找到這枚郵票上有明顯的水紋嗎？One of the distinctive features of this book is its distinct illustrations本書的特點之一就是具清楚明了的圖解。Paragraph 3 (Continued -2)2022/7/23商務英語綜合教程（四） 譚萬文編著 PPT制作：Tan Wanwen66mature adj.-1fully grown or developed mentally or