情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)五要素[課件]

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)五要素一、注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法推測(cè)性情態(tài)動(dòng)詞共有三個(gè)，其用法見(jiàn)表 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 含義 適用句型 適用句型 可能，或許 肯定句 Must 一定，必須 肯定句 Can/could 可能，或許 否定句，疑問(wèn)句 例1：-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000) A. mustB. would C. shouldD. might析：選D。Im not sure.的語(yǔ)境表明把握性不大，當(dāng)然我去參加音樂(lè)演奏會(huì)的可能性就比較小了，故不用must應(yīng)用might例 2：-_the

2、 news be true?No, it_be true.A. Can, cant B. May, cantC. May, may not D. Must, mustnt析： 選A。因?yàn)榍鞍刖涫且蓡?wèn)句，后半句為否定句，兩空都不能使用may/might 和must，應(yīng)而用can和cant。二、了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式用法（一）should /ought to have done本來(lái)應(yīng)做而未做，表達(dá)遺憾感情色彩例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) had to write it out must have w

3、ritten it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it out析：選C。分析語(yǔ)境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書(shū)面告知，卻有沒(méi)書(shū)面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。例2：I was really anxious about you, you_home without a word.(NMET2001) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt lea

4、ve 析: 選B。 由語(yǔ)境可知，我真的為你擔(dān)心，所以你不應(yīng)該一句話不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家，但實(shí)際上你確實(shí)這么做了，顯然應(yīng)填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示責(zé)備。 （二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做cant have done不可能做例1：-Where is my pen? - I _it.(NMET88)A. might lose B. wouldnt have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost例2：The light in his room is still on,

5、so he _ to bed.A. mustnt have goneB. must have goneC. shouldnt have gone D. cant have gone析：選D。由于他房間里的燈還亮著推測(cè)，他不可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺(jué)了，應(yīng)填cant have gone 。（三）could have done指本來(lái)能做而實(shí)際未做，表達(dá)遺憾的感情色彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5張明信片的。三、熟悉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞委婉用法： could, would, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均有委婉用法，它們不是過(guò)去式而是表示語(yǔ)氣委婉、客氣、禮貌，常用

6、與疑問(wèn)句，并多用于習(xí)慣表達(dá)， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might還可以用于肯定句表示推測(cè)，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)，回答必須還成may, can.例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you_.A. mightB. will C. canD. should析：選C。該句用can的委婉表達(dá)式could 來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，could 和might通用，但回答時(shí)必須還成can或may，因此該題不選A.例2：_you mind

7、my smoking here?A. ShouldB Could C. MightD. Would析：選D。征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)我是否在這兒吸煙，語(yǔ)氣理應(yīng)委婉，所以應(yīng)選委婉的表達(dá)方式would you mind來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。四、弄清情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的異化現(xiàn)象有些情態(tài)用于疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了異化現(xiàn)象，此時(shí)回答在某個(gè)角度不能繼續(xù)使用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 而改用別的動(dòng)詞。 例1：-Must I start at once? No, you_.A. needntB. mustnt C. cantD. wont析：A。由語(yǔ)境可知該答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”，不符合語(yǔ)境，顯然應(yīng)使用neednt表示“

8、不必”，但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。例2：-Need I hand in my exercise book at once? Yes, you_.A. mustB. need C. canD. will析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must,而作否定回答時(shí)，使用need的否定式neednt。五、掌握征求意見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答不少情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用于疑問(wèn)句征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，但人稱上有時(shí)有特殊要求，請(qǐng)看下表：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 含義 征求意見(jiàn)使用人稱 can/could 可以各種人稱may/might 可以各種人稱will/would 愿意第二人稱shall 需要第一、第三人稱must 必須各種人稱need 需要各種人稱 例1：-_I tell John about it? -No, you neednt. I have told him already.(NMET94)A. ShallB. Will C. CanD. May析：選A。從回答句“No, you neednt”的語(yǔ)境可知，問(wèn)句征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，表