英語必修五unit1語法課件

1、Book 5 Unit 1 Grammar過去分詞做表語、定語Revision V-ing form一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語1 表示主語的內(nèi)容 ,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the classroom as clean as possible. (= Keeping the classroom as clean as possible is her job)2 表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）The story is quite interesting. This book is very boring.常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有ast

2、onishing, amusing, boring, confusing, disappointing, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 二、 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room= a room for reading 在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。an ordinary-looking house 看起來很普通的房子=

3、 a house that looks ordinarya sleeping boy 正在睡覺的男孩= a boy who is sleeping2. 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,做后置定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Do you know the boy playing basketball?（=who is playing basketball)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)小男孩嗎？The past participle as attribute & predicative1. 過去分詞知多少驚恐的人們預(yù)留的座位被污染的水擁擠的教室打碎的花瓶關(guān)了的門疲憊的觀眾terri

4、fied /astonished peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma broken vasea closed doorthe tired audience2. 摸底測(cè)驗(yàn)The painter looked so_ (tire) after working for a whole day.I was_ (disappoint) with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.Everybody is really _(excite) about the n

5、ew Olympic stadiums.His wound became_ (infect) with a new virus.tireddisappointedexcitedinfected單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。English is a widely used language.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.3. 過去分詞作定語位置一、過去分詞作定語1、及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。 eg： a used stamp an injured finger注意

6、：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。 e.g.：spoken English 英語口語 written exercises 書面練習(xí) 少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義fallen leaves 落葉 the risen sun 升起來的太陽a returned student 一名留學(xué)生 a retired teacher 一名退休教師an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 2、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)和或完成意義。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular魯迅寫的書很受歡迎Well go to v

7、isit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1） The question discussed was very important.= The question _ was very important. which had been discussed注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成。2） The United States is a developed country. = The

8、United Stated is a country _ .which has developed注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。 A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playingA解析 過去分詞做定語：表被動(dòng)，表完成?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語：表主動(dòng)，表進(jìn)行。不定式作定語：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.區(qū)別 1Falling leavesFallen le

9、aves區(qū)別 2Falling leavesFallen leavesDisappointing newsDisappointed peopleExciting storyExcited peopleTired people/ Im tiredTiring film正在飄的落葉已經(jīng)落在地上的落葉令人失望的消息感到失望的人們激動(dòng)人心的故事（感到）激動(dòng)的人們累了的人/我感到累了（使人覺得）無聊的電影區(qū)別 2二、過去分詞作表語1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at hi

10、s speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。系動(dòng)詞bebecome, get, go, grow, turnkeep, remain, stay, feel, look, appear, seem， smell, sound, taste, prove,2、過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語，強(qiáng)調(diào)特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。 e.g.：This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday

11、 這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動(dòng)作） 3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去 分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用 作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動(dòng) 意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced

12、 in teaching beginners. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別V-ing 形式表示“令人的”V-ed 形式表示“某人感到的”The story is interesting.I am interested in the story.C解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get

13、 wounded.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to payCWhat he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by be pr

14、epared to do be interested in doing/sthbe interested to dobe worried aboutbe concerned withbe absorbed in doing/sthdefeated enemya boy named/called Billcracked/broken window準(zhǔn)備好做某事對(duì)感興趣（習(xí)慣）對(duì)感興趣（一次性）擔(dān)心關(guān)心專注于被打敗的敵人一個(gè)叫Bill的男孩打碎的窗戶/玻璃短語積累語法專練1. China is _ .a developed countrya country which was developinga

15、 developing countrya country which is developed2. look! A _ woman was coming.A. beautiful dressed B. dressed beautiful C. beautifully dressed D. dressed beautifully 3. Mr smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.tired; boring tiring; boredtired; boredtiring; boring4. After the fight, a care

16、taker found that a young man _ so he telephoned for an ambulance immediately.seriously injuredwas injured seriouslywas serious injuredwas seriously injured5. It is believed that if a book is_, it will surely _ the erested; interestinteresting; be interestedinterested; be interesting interesting; interest6. He held the _ stick high and went on in the dark cave.litlightedburnt firing7. We had our picnic l