GMAT-PREPSC語法筆記

1、GMAT-PREP SC語法筆記制作：Findjuhl協(xié)助整理：rainnyxl, sigrid920更新日期：4.12注意事項(xiàng)：以下各個(gè)題目均來自GMAT官方模考軟件PREP，通過反復(fù)做模考軟件后將不重復(fù)的題目匯總得來，所有答案均為GMAT官方答案，如果未注明答案則是原發(fā)帖人漏掉了官方答案。在GMAT官方?？架浖羞€有少數(shù)SC題目未被收錄，如果有人做了出來，歡迎將題目截圖和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案郵寄給我，我日后更新，我的Email: 以下題目出題思路最接近真實(shí)考試時(shí)的SC題目，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真分析其出題思路，但本人能力有限，題目難免有解釋不足之處，歡迎來信指正在CD發(fā)帖討論某題時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)谔訕?biāo)題注明“prep 題號(hào)”

2、方便后人搜索整理。1. The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.A. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were B

3、. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,C. ofmore than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had beenD. ofmore than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with eachE. ofmore than 75 carefully engineered structures of

4、up to 600 rooms each had beenA: were謂語重復(fù)，應(yīng)該去掉B: correct，connected分詞修飾句子主語settlementsC: 第二個(gè)of修飾Structures不對(duì)，應(yīng)該修飾scale；each同位語從句用過去完成時(shí)沒必要，D: 第二個(gè)of修飾Structures不對(duì)，應(yīng)該修飾scale；and with each沒有平行對(duì)象，E: 第二個(gè)of修飾Structures不對(duì)，應(yīng)該修飾scale；each后面是完整句子但沒有連詞注意：1、The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a s

5、pectacular scale of up to 600 rooms each, connected by a complex regional system of roads. each指The Anasazi settlements，而不是rooms或者structures！2、介詞的修飾對(duì)象、插入語、逗號(hào)+過去分詞的用途及修飾對(duì)象2. According to one expert, the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being bred for

6、looks or to meet other narrow criteria as that the breeds have relatively few founding members. A. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteriaB. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog

7、is not as much their being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria as muchC. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog that they are being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria as muchD. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many

8、 breeds of dog is their being bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria so muchE. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog to be bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteriaA: correct，for looks or to meet 平行修飾謂語bredB: not so much theiras much as that 不平行C:

9、 it表語從句用法錯(cuò)，not so asas much as 不平行D: 同上，第二個(gè)is多余, not so much so much as用法錯(cuò)E: 同上，to be bred 和 to meet 邏輯不平行注意：1、not so much that as that表示與其說不如說，形式平行2、for looks or to meet是功能平行而不是形式平行，表示be bred的目的3、從表面上看E的to be done 和 to do形式上最平行，但邏輯上修飾對(duì)象是錯(cuò)的，是迷惑選項(xiàng)。3. Greatly influenced by the Protested missionary Sam

10、uel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided with the colonists during the American Revolution. A. was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sidedB. was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League when they sidedC. alone among the five-nation Iroq

11、uois League sidedD. were the only ones out of the five nations of Iroquois League in sidingE. only of the five-nation Iroquois League had sidedA: the Oneida表示民族時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)概念, was應(yīng)該是wereB: was應(yīng)該是wereC: correct , the Oneida sided with；alone among the five-nation Iroquois League是修飾語修飾OneidaD: the only ones 應(yīng)該

12、改成the only oneE: 修飾結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤, only of用法不對(duì)，during應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)而不是過去完成注意：the Oneida表示一個(gè)民族時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，類似的詞還有GWD考過的the Shang4. Although the turtle has been toothless for more than 150 million years, in some contemporary turtle species the moderately sharp and jagged edges of their horny jaws function for teeth.A. their ho

13、rny jaws function for teethB. its horny jaws function for teethC. its horny jaws functionas doteethD the horny jaws functionas teeth doE the horny jaws function as teethA: function as n. 固定用法B: its 指代錯(cuò), 應(yīng)該是speciesC: 同上D: function as n. 固定用法，這里不是as引導(dǎo)句子做比較E: correct注意：function as 和 A do as B do 的邏輯意思區(qū)

14、別區(qū)分A do as B do和一些有as的固定搭配的區(qū)別5. The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and southern India alphabets.A. the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern andB. the Ara

15、maic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and theC. with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and theD. with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern andE. with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern andA: from which 的w

16、hich指代it 錯(cuò)，was應(yīng)該用wereB: and錯(cuò)，無平行需要C: correct，后半部分是倒裝，應(yīng)該是both the northern and the southern India alphabets derive from the Aramaic scriptD: derives用復(fù)數(shù)E: and 前面不需要逗號(hào)，此外bringing 和 deriving 不應(yīng)該是同一個(gè)主語注意：1、bring A with B 和bring with B A 都對(duì) 要判斷后面的定語從句修飾的邏輯意思2、from which的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)6. In the past several years, a

17、stronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.A. most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circleB. most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circlingC. most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circlin

18、gD. mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circleE. mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circlingA: as large or larger than 不完整，應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充asB: 同上，and circling沒有前面平行的元素C: correct，circling修飾planets，但存在了些許的歧義修飾JupiterD: mostly意思錯(cuò)，可以修飾at least而不是planets；which circle修飾的是planets沒錯(cuò)E: 同上注意：1、逗號(hào)+doing和which

19、 do定語修飾前面名詞時(shí)的區(qū)別，語法上都沒錯(cuò)，要看主謂搭配是否有歧義2、most和mostly含義上有區(qū)別，一個(gè)指數(shù)量，一個(gè)指程度7. Each year companies in the United State could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided offices with

20、cleaner air.A.annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply providedB.annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providingC. annua

21、lly in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providingD. in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply providedE. by preventing illness among employees and g

22、ain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply providedA: each year 和annually 意思重復(fù)，improving 表過程不表結(jié)果，應(yīng)用improved，B: 同上C: 同上 D: in employee illness prevention要表達(dá)的意思錯(cuò)，E: correct注意：1、表達(dá)通過什么方式的時(shí)候用by doing最簡(jiǎn)潔，2、過去分詞表結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞表過程，有邏輯意思上的差別，本題中不是通過提高performance，而是通過提高以后的perform

23、ance8 Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing more women in leadership position in politics and business.A Women are expected to be the majority of student entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placingB The majority of st

24、udents entering law school this fall are expected to be women, a trend that will ultimately placeC The majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, which will ultimately placeD It is expected that the majority of students entering law school this fall will be women, a

25、 trend ultimately placingE It is expected for the women to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, which will ultimately placeA: 同位語的placing結(jié)構(gòu)，不能表現(xiàn)出即將發(fā)生的趨勢(shì)，而是一直發(fā)生的B: correct，用that定語從句修飾trend，清晰表明了要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作C: which無指代D: 同AE: 同C注意：1、which和同位語結(jié)構(gòu)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，表明應(yīng)該用同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)閣hich指代前面整個(gè)句子錯(cuò)；2、分詞和that

26、從句同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞，要看從句是否有表達(dá)分詞不能表達(dá)的邏輯含義，如果是則選從句，反之選分詞修飾更加簡(jiǎn)潔9 The investigations of many psychologist and anthropologists support the generalization of there being little that is a significant difference in underlying mental processes manifested by people from different culture.A of there being little that i

27、s a significant differenceB of there being little that is significantly differentC of little that is significantly differentD that there is little that is significantly differentE that there is little of significant differencesA: of there being 錯(cuò)，B: 同上C: 同上， D: correct, little是名詞，that從句修飾littleE: li

28、ttle of 一般加不可數(shù)名詞，同時(shí)表達(dá)否定意義注意：1、解釋前一個(gè)名詞優(yōu)先使用同位語從句，遇到of + sth +doing，可以直接判斷選那個(gè)that + sth + do結(jié)構(gòu)2、different和difference都可以加in表示在什么方面的不同10. The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce enough berries to m

29、ake between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produceenormously in that a single tree, dependent on its size and also on climate and altitude, is able to produceenormously, because a single tree

30、, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produceenormously, because a single tree, being dependent on its size, climate, and altitude, is capable of producingenormously, because a single tree, dependent both on its size as well as on climate and altitude, could produceA: in th

31、at不如because 簡(jiǎn)潔, on both and on 不平行B: 同上, dependent一般用作表語結(jié)構(gòu)，不如depending分詞合適C: correctD: being dependent啰嗦；E: dependent一般用作表語結(jié)構(gòu)，不如depending分詞合適；both and不平行注意：1. 注意未劃線結(jié)構(gòu)表示從1到12磅用了between one and twelve而不是from one to twelve，雖然兩種表達(dá)都對(duì)2. in that和because，GMAC認(rèn)為Because更簡(jiǎn)潔現(xiàn)代，3. dependent一般用作表語結(jié)構(gòu)，不如depending分詞

32、合適4. 表示有能力，can, is able to, is capable of doing11. Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.A. scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakinglyB. scient

33、ists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it painstakinglyC. scientist learned how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removedD. learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakinglyE. Learning how to sy

34、nthesize the growth hormone, it have to be painstakingly removed by scientistsA: make a synthetic不如直接用動(dòng)詞synthesize有效率；后半句不是完整句，主從句關(guān)系不成立B: before加過去完成時(shí)沒有道理，learn這個(gè)動(dòng)作實(shí)際應(yīng)該在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之后C: correctD: 從原句邏輯上看，句意中的hormone并不是被同一群科學(xué)家使用，而是表述了一種歷史事件之后，hormone就可以被后來的所有人怎樣怎樣了，所以D從邏輯上有問題。E: learning的邏輯主語不是hormone注意：此題

35、很難，要從邏輯上判斷意思，以后遇到主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)，一定要區(qū)分清楚施加對(duì)象和被施加對(duì)象的合理邏輯關(guān)系。什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)？當(dāng)找不到主動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)，一定用被動(dòng)！還有Before介詞+doing，和讓步狀語從句的省略+doing的區(qū)別，When/while（時(shí)間）/if/unless（條件）/even though/even if/although（即使）/once名詞/形容詞/完整句12. The success of the program to eradicate smallpox has stimulated experts topursue what they had not prev

36、iously considered possible - better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such as measles and yaws.A. what they had not previously considered possible - better control, if not eradication, of the other infections such asB. what they had not previously considered a possibility - better

37、 control, if noteradication, of such infections likeC. something they had not previously considered possible - better control, if noteradication, of such infections asD. something not considered a previous possibility - better control and perhapseradication, of other infections such asE. the possibi

38、lity of what they had not previously considered possible - bettercontrol and possibly eradication of infections likeA: GMAC的偏好，如果能用名詞替代一個(gè)名詞性從句，優(yōu)先選名詞，比如something, probability, likelihood等；the other結(jié)構(gòu)不完整B: such likeC: correctD: possibility 不如用形容詞更貼切; and perhaps eradication改變了原文意思；other用的不對(duì)E: the poss

39、ibility of what 用法不對(duì)，用that更好，此外和possible重復(fù)注意：one the other只有兩個(gè)some the others 有三個(gè)以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部13 A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering f

40、rom dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.a) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasingb) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwi

41、ndling, possibly as a result of an increase inc) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasingd) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase ine

42、) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasingA: from + doing不夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)句子意思；increasing sea surface temperatures這里表示的是過程，實(shí)際要求表現(xiàn)的是結(jié)果B: correctC: because of + 名詞，沒有準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)句子意思D: revealed一種動(dòng)物，而不是revealed一種狀況，改變了句意E: which不能用來表示結(jié)果狀語注意：

43、1、介詞+分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和because從句一起出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一般正確答案是because從句(by doing例外)2、當(dāng)表示過程的分詞和表示結(jié)果狀態(tài)的名詞一起出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一般根據(jù)句意都是選擇表示結(jié)果的得名詞而不是分詞。3、表示目的的結(jié)構(gòu)，“，分詞”、“，名詞”、“，with/as a result of”都可以4、主句動(dòng)詞+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，如果把賓語從句的主語變成主句動(dòng)詞的賓語然后加定語從句的方式，是一種錯(cuò)誤標(biāo)志。14 The largest trade-book publisher in the US has announced the creation of a new digital imprint

44、division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either electronic books or downloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.A) works to be sold online as either electronic books orB) works to sell them online,either as electronic books orC) works and it

45、will sell them online as either electronic books or asD) works, and selling them online as either electronic books or asE) works, and it will sell themonline as either electronic books orA: correct，to be sold表示有將要的意思B: to sell them邏輯混亂，either asor不平行C: sell動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是imprint division；either orD: and se

46、lling和前面沒有平行；either orE: sell動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是imprint division注意：works to be done，不定式做定語修飾前面的名詞是正確答案，簡(jiǎn)潔有效類似還可以用不定式做定語修飾的名詞有：way, ability, power, tendency, capacity, reason, chance, time, method, attempt, opportunity, thing, work, property第二次出現(xiàn)主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的邏輯主語選擇問題，需要判斷句意進(jìn)行選擇15. Recently documented examples of neu

47、rogenesis（神經(jīng)形成）, the production of new brain cells, include the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that learn new songs.A. the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that B. mice w

48、hose brains grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries whose neurons increase when theyC. mices brains that grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries neurons that increase when theyD. the brain growth in mice when placed in a stimulating environment o

49、r the increase in canaries neurons when theyE. brain growth in mice that are placed in a stimulating environment or an increase in neurons in canaries thatA: when placed的邏輯主語是production而不是鄰近的mice，句意錯(cuò)；動(dòng)名詞growing和increasing應(yīng)該改成名詞growth，increaseB: they指代不明，可以指代brains或mice；第二個(gè)they和第一個(gè)they不是一個(gè)對(duì)象C: they指代

50、brains不對(duì)；第二個(gè)they和第一個(gè)they不是一個(gè)對(duì)象D: when placed的邏輯主語是production而不是鄰近的mice，句意錯(cuò)；E: correct注意：句意理解清楚才能選出答案，而不能僅依賴語法結(jié)構(gòu)的形式平行16. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,their descendents, popular known as killer bees had migrated as far north as Southern Texas.A. L

51、ess than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,B. In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,C. In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,D. It took less than 35 years from

52、the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, whenE. It took less than 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and thenA: CorrectB: In 35 years 表示將來，改變了句意；since releasing 是介詞+分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞邏輯主語不對(duì)；C: in the 35 years 如果表示一段時(shí)間，應(yīng)該加past, last等等；since

53、替代了after改變句子原意，release這個(gè)動(dòng)作沒持續(xù)到migrated開始D: it 沒有可替代的對(duì)象，when改成that可以解決語法上的錯(cuò)誤E: after the time that 羅嗦，用after就可以；it沒有指代對(duì)象注意：判斷l(xiāng)ess than 35 years的對(duì)錯(cuò)，只能從句意出發(fā)17. The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examina

54、tion of tools found in Germany, including there wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.A. merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, includingC. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany t

55、hat includes D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includesE. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, includingA: rather than merely scavenging for meat 和前面不對(duì)稱；have用單數(shù)B: C: that includes修飾前面的Germany，

56、修飾對(duì)象不對(duì)，應(yīng)該改成include；from + doing表狀態(tài)不對(duì)，應(yīng)該from+名詞表結(jié)果D: which includes修飾前面的Germany，修飾對(duì)象不對(duì)，應(yīng)該改成includeE: correct，但此答案也有瑕疵，如果補(bǔ)充as就平行了，否則有歧義rather than+名詞原則上可以和前面任何一個(gè)名詞對(duì)稱注意：which include和including的區(qū)別，沒區(qū)別，但which需要通過單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞判斷修飾誰from + doing再次出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該改分詞為名詞rather than的平行問題歧義問題18. There is a widespread belief in th

57、e US and Western Europe that young peoplehave a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents andgrandparents and that the source of the change lies in the collapse of thework ethic. A. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents B. less of a commitment

58、 to work and a career than their parents and grandparents C. a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents D. less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparentshad E. a lessening of the commitment to work and a career than their parents andg

59、randparents hadA: 少助動(dòng)詞had會(huì)產(chǎn)生比較歧義，than前面有不止一個(gè)名詞B: 同上C: 同上D: correctE: lessening of 應(yīng)該改成less of，名詞形式優(yōu)于動(dòng)名詞；此外and a career和前面a lessening對(duì)稱改變?cè)?，the commitment to work和a career概念不對(duì)稱注意：less of 的less是名詞，和a smaller commitment都對(duì)比較結(jié)構(gòu)助動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)充的原則，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義19. Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have

60、 improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.A. while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical