電氣自動化專業(yè)英語課件

1、電氣自動化專業(yè)英語（第三版）English for Automation（3rd Edition）第1頁，共409頁。ContentsUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10第2頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISecti

2、on APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第3頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第4頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at

3、the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第5頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10

4、Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第6頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第7頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical

5、ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第8頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7U

6、nit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第9頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第10頁，共409頁。Listening and

7、 SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第11頁，共409頁。Listening and SpeakingPractical ActivityGlance at the Structure Reading A Reading BUnit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit

8、4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10Part IPart IISection APart IIISection BPart IVPart V第12頁，共409頁。Reading AUnit 1The main components used in electronics are of two general types: passive (e.g. resistors and capacitors) and active (e.g. transistors and integrated circuits). The main difference bet

9、ween active and passive components is that active ones require to be powered in some way to make them work. Passive ComponentsThe ResistorA resistor (Figure 1-1) is a piece of material that obeys Ohms Law. The name comes from its main property; it resists the flow of charge through itself, hence all

10、owing us to control the current. Resistors can be made of various kinds of material, but whatever the choice it must conduct some electricity otherwise it wouldnt be of any use. 第13頁，共409頁。Two wires are connected to opposite ends of the resistor (Figure 1-2). When we apply a potential difference bet

11、ween the wires we set up a current from one wire to the other, through the resistor. The size of the current is proportional to the difference in voltage between the wires. The resistance (in units of Ohms) is defined as the ratio of the applied voltage, V (in Volts), divided by the current, I (in A

12、mps), produced by the applied voltage.Unit 1The value is usually displayed using standard colour code (Figure 1-3). 第14頁，共409頁。Unit 1The CapacitorIf you look at a catalogue of electronic components youll find an enormous variety of sizes and types of capacitor. However, for most purposes we can divi

13、de capacitors into two basic types: dielectric and electrolytic.A capacitor acts as a charge store (Figure 1-4). It contains a pair of metal plates separated by a thin sheet of insulating material. The plates are electrically neutral - the number of positive protons in each exactly equals the number

14、 of negative electrons. However, if we connect wires to the plates and apply external voltage we can drag electrons off one plate and push them on to the other.第15頁，共409頁。Unit 1This takes energy, i.e. we have to do work charging the capacitor. The result is a capacitor with one plate positively char

15、ged and the other negatively charged. The energy used to move charge is stored by this imbalance. If we connect two plates together with a resistor, the electrons rush back home releasing their energy again. The voltage between the plates of a charged capacitor is proportional to the amount of charg

16、e moved. The charge/voltage ratio for any specific capacitor is called the capacitance (Figure 1-5).The DiodeThere are a number of different electronic devices which tend to be called diodes (Figure 1-6). Although theyre made differently they all have three things in common. 第16頁，共409頁。Unit 1 They h

17、ave two leads like a resistor. The current they pass depends upon the voltage between the leads. They do not obey Ohms law! As an example we will use a typical diode called a pn-junction. This allows us to explain behavior of diodes. Remember, however, that there are other sorts of diodes which are

18、built differently but show the same general behavior. We create a pn-junction by joining together two pieces of semiconductor, one doped n-type, the other p-type. This causes a depletion zone to form around the junction (the join) between the two materials. This zone controls the behavior of the dio

19、de.第17頁，共409頁。Unit 1Notes1. When we apply a potential difference between the wires we set up a current from one wire to the other, through the resistor. 本句是由When we引導的時間狀語從句。本句可譯為：當在兩導線間施加一個電勢差時，就會有電流通過電阻器從一根導線傳遞到另一根導線。2. If we connect wires to the plates and apply an external voltage we can drag el

20、ectrons off one plate and push them on to the other. 本句是由If we引導的條件狀語從句，we can drag為主句部分。本句可譯為：如果我們將導線連接到金屬板上，并且外加電壓，電子就從一塊金屬板扯拽到另一塊上。3. There are other sorts of diodes which are built differently but show the same general behavior. 本句為簡單句。本句可譯為：還有很多種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的二極管，但他們有相同的一般性能。第18頁，共409頁。Unit 1New Words (

21、1)electronic a. 電子的 component n. 元件electronics n. 電子設(shè)備passive a. 無源的active a. 有源的resistor n. 電阻器capacitor n. 電容器transistor n. 晶體管integrated a. 集成的circuit n. 電路ohm n. 歐姆property n. 性能charge n. 電荷 v. 充電current n. 電流conduct v. 導電electricity n. 電potential n. 電勢wire n. 導線voltage n. 電壓resistance n. 電阻rati

22、o n. 比率apply v. 施加amp n. 安培volt n. 伏特value n. 值dielectric a. 電介質(zhì)的electrolytic a. 電解質(zhì)的plate n. 金屬板sheet n. 板insulate v. 絕緣neutral a. 中性的positive a. 正的proton n. 質(zhì)子negative a. 負的electron n. 電子imbalance n. 不平衡release v. 釋放capacitance n. 電容diode n. 二極管lead n. 引線junction n. 結(jié)behavior n. 性能semiconductor n.

23、 半導體dope v. 摻雜 depletion n. 耗盡join n. 結(jié)第19頁，共409頁。Unit 1Phrases and Expressions (1)electronic component 電子元件passive component 無源元件active component 有源元件integrated circuit 集成電路Ohms Law 歐姆定律potential difference 電勢差be proportional to 與成正比in units of 單位為be defined as 定義為 applied voltage 施加電壓insulating ma

24、terial 絕緣材料positive proton 正質(zhì)子negative electron 負電子do work 做功electronic device 電子器件pn-junction p-n結(jié)depletion zone 耗盡層第20頁，共409頁。ExerciseUnit 1EXERCISE 1Choose the best electronic components according to the information given._A. Transistor B. Diode C. Capacitor D. Resistor E. Connector F. LEDCEBFDA第

25、21頁，共409頁。Unit 1ExerciseEXERCISE 2Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.1. active components _2. 歐姆定律3. potential difference _4. 施加電壓5. insulating material _6. 正質(zhì)子7. electronic device _8. 耗盡層有源元件電勢差絕緣材料電子器件Ohms Lawapplied voltagepositive protonsdepletion zone第22頁，共409頁。Unit 1Readin

26、g BActive ComponentsJunction Field Effect TransistorsJunction field effect transistors (JFETs) come in two flavors, p-channel and n-channel (Figure 1-7). In each case a bar, or channel, of one type of semiconductor material is located inside a bulk material of the other kind i.e. p inside n, or n in

27、side p. A pair of metallic contacts is placed at each end of the channel. When we apply a voltage between these, a current can flow along the channel from one contact to the other. The contact which launches charges along the channel is called the source; the one that eats them at the other end is c

28、alled the drain. 第23頁，共409頁。Unit 1In an n-channel device, the channel is made of n-type semiconductor, so the charges free to move along the channel are negatively (hence n) charged - they are electrons. In a p-channel device the free charges which move from end-to-end are positively (hence p) charg

29、ed - they are holes (Figure 1-8). Remember that a hole is the absence of an electron. In each case the source puts fresh charges into the channel while the drain removes them at the other end.第24頁，共409頁。Unit 1Some of the basic properties exhibited by a Bipolar Transistor are immediately recognizable

30、 as being diode-like. However, when the filling of the sandwich is fairly thin some interesting effects become possible that allow us to use the Transistor as an amplifier or a switch. To see how the Bipolar Transistor works we can concentrate on the NPN variety.Bipolar TransistorA Bipolar Transisto

31、r (Figure 1-9) essentially consists of a pair of PN Junction Diodes that are joined back-to-back. This forms a sort of a sandwich where one kind of semiconductor is placed in-between two others. There are therefore two kinds of bipolar sandwich, the NPN and PNP varieties. The three layers of the san

32、dwich are conventionally called the Collector, Base, and Emitter. The reasons for these names will become clear later once we see how the transistor works.第25頁，共409頁。Unit 1Figure 1-10 shows the energy levels in an NPN transistor when we arent externally applying any voltages. We can see that the arr

33、angement looks like a back-to-back pair of PN Diode junctions with a thin P-type filling between two N-type slices of bread. In each of the N-type layers conduction can take place by the free movement of electrons in the conduction band. In the P-type (filling) layer conduction can take place by the

34、 movement of the free holes in the valence band. However, in the absence of any externally applied electric field, we find that depletion zones form at both PN-Junctions, so no charge wants to move from one layer to another.第26頁，共409頁。Unit 1Consider now what happens when we apply a moderate voltage

35、between the Collector and Base parts of the transistor. The polarity of the applied voltage is chosen to increase the force pulling the N-type electrons and P-type holes apart (Figure 1-11). This widens the depletion zone between the Collector and base and so no current will flow. In effect we have

36、reverse-biased the Base-Collector diode junction. The precise value of the Base-Collector voltage we choose doesnt really matter to what happens provided we dont make it too big and blow up the transistor! 第27頁，共409頁。Unit 1field n. 場effect n. 效應(yīng)transistor n. 晶體管flavor n. 溝道channel n. 溝道bulk n. 松散gat

37、e n. 門極source n. 源極drain n. 漏極metallic a. 金屬的contact n. 觸點launch v. 釋放hole n. 空穴 view n. 視圖bipolar a. 雙極的layer n. 層collector n集電極base n 基極emitter n. 發(fā)射極exhibit v. 表現(xiàn)出amplifier n. 放大器level n. 級arrangement n. 排列conduction n. 導電band n. 帶valence n. 原子價polarity n. 極性reverse-bias v. 反向偏壓New Words (2)第28頁，

38、共409頁。Unit 1Phrases and Expressions (2)Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs) 結(jié)型場效應(yīng)晶體管p-channel p溝道n-channel n溝道bulk material 松散材料metallic contact 金屬觸點electric field 電場 view from above 俯視圖Bipolar Transistor 雙極型晶體管PN Junction Diode PN結(jié)二極管energy level 能級conduction band 導電帶valence band 價電子帶blow up 熔

39、斷第29頁，共409頁。Unit 1ExerciseEXERCISE 3Choose the correct components.DFABCE第30頁，共409頁。ExerciseUnit 1EXERCISE 4Abbreviations are very useful in practical work. Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.1. A.C. Alternating Current _2. A/D Analog/Digital _3. AF Audio Frequency _4.

40、 AFC Automatic Frequency Control _ 5. AGC Automatic Gain Control _ 6. AM Amplitude Modulated _ 交流數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換音頻自動頻率控制自動增益控制調(diào)幅第31頁，共409頁。Unit 1Glance at the structure The following is the Electronic Component Structure.Sample第32頁，共409頁。Unit 1Explanations of the NPN Transistor TermsNo.NameExplanation1Emitter

41、 (E)射極2diffusion擴散3Base (B)基極4drift漂移5Collector (C)集電極6n-type n型7depletion region 耗盡層8p-typeP型9NPNNPN型晶體管第33頁，共409頁。Unit 1EXERCISE 5The following is the Electronic Component Structures. After reading them, you are required to choose the suitable words or phrases given below. Emitter-Base Junction (E

42、BJ) Emitter (E) PNP p-type Collector-Base Junction (CBJ) n- type Base regionp-type Emitter region Collector (C) Base (B)第34頁，共409頁。Unit 11._ 2. _3. _ 4. _5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _9. _Emitter (E)p-type Emitter regionn- type Base region p-type Collector regionCollector (C)Emitter-Base Junction (EBJ) Base (B)

43、Collector-Base Junction (CBJ)PNP第35頁，共409頁。Unit 1Section AThe following is the Typical Vertical Chip Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Construction, and you can understand the name of the Capacitor.Sample 第36頁，共409頁。Unit 1Explanations of the Capacitor ConstructionNo.NameExplanation1Aluminum case鋁殼2Pla

44、te底座3Electrode lead電極引線4In-mold supplemental terminal型內(nèi)附加端子5Seal Rubber密封橡膠6Adhesive resin for bonding粘合樹脂膠7Element元件第37頁，共409頁。Unit 1EXERCISE 6Choose the correct answer for each blank.Structure of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor (Radial Lead Type)第38頁，共409頁。Unit 11. A. lead wire B. insulator C. pla

45、te2. A. element B. sealant C. electrode3. A. seal rubber B. lead wire C. metal case4. A. capacitor element B. sealant C. aluminum case5. A. resistor B. coil C. conductor6. A. integrated circuit B. negative electron C. fastening tape7. A. anode layer B. conduction band C. bulk material8. A. applied v

46、oltage B. electrolytic paper C. electric field9. A. cathode layer B. potential difference C. valence bandABCABCAB A第39頁，共409頁。Unit 1Section BThis section will help you how to understand Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor failure.Sample Typical Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Failure Modes and Their Cau

47、ses第40頁，共409頁。Unit 1第41頁，共409頁。Unit 1EXERCISE 7The following is the most common equipment. After reading it, you are required to match the Columns.JE第42頁，共409頁。Unit 1AHL第43頁，共409頁。Unit 1FBC第44頁，共409頁。Unit 1ID第45頁，共409頁。Unit 1GK第46頁，共409頁。Unit 1Practical ActivityAUTOMATIC SYSTEM, a world leader in th

48、e field ofautomated secure entrance control, designs and manufactures pedestrian, vehicle and passenger access control equipment. Here is the structure of an AUTOMATIC SYSTEM.第47頁，共409頁。Unit 1第48頁，共409頁。Unit 1Listening and SpeakingDialogue OneA: Whats this, Mike?B: Its an aluminum capacitor.A: Is it

49、 made of aluminum?B: Yes. They are composed of two rolled up strips of aluminum foils.A: Whats its capacitance range?B: It covers the capacitance ranging from 0.1F to 500,000F.A: Wow, it really has a wide range. B: And it also has a wide tolerance range, usually 20% or more.A: How about its working

50、voltage?B: Working voltages range from 10V to 100V.A: Oh, so they must have wide applications. B: Actually, they are not suited for high-frequency coupling applications.第49頁，共409頁。Unit 1Listening and SpeakingDialogue TwoA: What are you doing, Sam?B: Im soldering a surface-mounted aluminum capacitor.

51、A: Familiarize yourself with the instructions, please. Otherwise, it would be dangerous!B: Really? I have no idea about it. A: It may cause an explosion, fire, or other serious troubles!B: Oh my God! Thats awful!A: So youd better solder it under specified operating conditions!B: Could you give me so

52、me hints?A: Firstly, you should keep the operating temperature and ripple current in specified ranges.B: Whats the consequence if I would not do like that?A: It will be overheated, resulting perhaps in short-circuit, ignition, or other fatal fault!B: Is there anything else I should pay attention to?

53、A: Yes. I have aluminum capacitor use instructions. Let me show you, come with me. B: Thank you very much. 第50頁，共409頁。Reading AUnit 2An electronic circuit is a closed path or paths formed by the interconnection of electronic components through which an electric current can flow.Physically, an electr

54、onic circuit can be as small as a pin point or cover many miles. They are constructed by connecting electronic components together with conductors, which allow electricity to flow between the components. Integrated circuits (Figure 2-1) are small circuits constructed from a piece of semiconductor ho

55、used in a protective package.While larger circuits may be built by assembling electronic components onto a printed circuit board (PCB), which is used to mechanically support and electrically connect the components (Figure 2-2). Integrated circuits are typically used as components in larger circuits

56、built onto PCBs. When components are connected using wire as the conductor, the circuit may be extended to cover or connect a large area.第51頁，共409頁。Breadboards, perfboards or stripboards are common for testing new designs. They allow the designer to make quick changes to the circuit during developme

57、nt.Electronic circuits can display highly complex behaviors, even though they are governed by the same laws of physics as simpler circuits.An electronic circuit can usually be categorized as an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or a mixed-signal circuit (a combination of analog circuits and digital

58、 circuits).Unit 2第52頁，共409頁。Unit 2Analog circuitsAnalog electronic circuits (Figure 2-3) are those in which signals may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. Electronic equipment like voltage amplifiers, power amplifiers, tuning circuits, and radios are larg

59、ely analog (with the exception of their control sections, which may be digital, especially in modern units).There are two main types of analog circuits: series and parallel. A string of Christmas lights is a good example of a series circuit: if one goes out, they all do. In a parallel circuit, each

60、bulb is connected to the power source separately, so if one goes out the rest still remain shining.第53頁，共409頁。Unit 2The basic components of analog circuits are resistors, capacitors, inductors, memristors, diodes, and transistors. They may be thought of as having active independent power sources and