小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題

1、 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，力加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es,女口：family-families,strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewo

2、man-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese合成詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則1）以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：homework,newspaper等。2）以man或woman為前綴的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如：womandoctorwomendoctors,manwaitermenwaiters.集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolice等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不

3、能說(shuō)apeople,apolice,但可以說(shuō)aperson,apoliceman,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱(chēng)時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用,如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I_him_thisherwatch_child_photo_diaryday_foot_book_dresstooth_sheep_boxstrawberrythief_peach_sandwichman_woman_paperjuicewater_

4、milk_ricetea二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No.1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如：Maryl

5、ikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它。女口：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句。如：Whereismybike?行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ)+dont(doesnt)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idontlikebread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesntoftenplay.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Doyouoftenpl

6、ayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，力口-es，如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watchwatches,go-goes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一

7、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DanielandTommy(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?T

8、hegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_(like)cooking.12.They_(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_(look)afterherbabycarefullyYoualways（do）yourhomeworkwell.I（be）ill.Imstayinginbed.She（go）toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao（do）notlikePE.Th

9、echildoften（watch）TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang（have）eightlessonsthisterm.Whatday（be）ittoday?ItsSaturday.三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子TomwatchesTVeveryevening.（改為否定句）Idomyhomeworkeveryday.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）Shelikesmilk.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答）Amylikesplayingcomputergames.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）Wegotoschooleverymorning.（改為否定句）HespeaksEngl

10、ishverywell.（改為否定句）Iliketakingphotosinthepark.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）JohncomesfromCanada.（對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）Sheisagoodstudent.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答）SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改為否定句）五、改錯(cuò)（劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線(xiàn)上）IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.ShedontdoherhomeworkonSu

11、ndays.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+be+動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則一般情況下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加

12、ing,女口:run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：playrunswimmakegolikewrite_skireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegetstopsitbeginshop二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.

13、They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusicIts5oclocknow.We(have)suppernowHelen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)2Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)3Implayingthefootballintheplaygro

14、und.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))4Tomisreadingbooksinhisroom.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year)，soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：begoingto+do；will+do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。例如：Imgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.fImnotgoingtoh

15、aveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or，第一二人稱(chēng)互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.fAreyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分有三種情況。問(wèn)人。Who例如：ImgoingtoNewYorksoon.WhosgoingtoNewYorksoon.問(wèn)干什么。Whatdo.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.fWhati

16、syourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：Shesgoingtogotobedatnine.Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto二willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.二Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.練習(xí)：填空。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。WhatnextMonday?Iplaybasketball.Wh

17、atyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。yourmothergoshoppingthis?Yes,she.Shebuysomefruit.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。Whattimeyoumeet?改句子。Nancyisgoingtogoonapicnic.(改否定)Nancygoingtogoonapicnic.Illgoandvisitthem.(改否定)Igovisitthem.Imgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatt

18、hebusstationat10:30.(改一般疑問(wèn)句)meetatthebusstationat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.

19、Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?ItsFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(d0)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cowsMary(visit)hergrandparentstomo

20、rrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：(l)am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣aso(wasnot二wasnt)are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere(werenot二werent)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is,am,are樣，即否定句在was或were后

21、加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt+動(dòng)詞原形口：Jimdidntgohomeyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？女口：Whowenttohomeyesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked結(jié)尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted末尾只有一個(gè)元音

22、字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed，如：stop-stopped以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加-ed,如：study-studied不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,

23、speak-spoke,swim-swam,sit-sat過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式is/amfly_plantare_drinkplay_go_make_does_dance_worry_askeat_draw_put_eatthrow_pass_doBe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterda

24、y.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Itwasexciting.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Theywereinhispocket.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.

25、Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday.TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.ItChildrensDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessinth

26、eclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：Samwenttoschoolearly.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：3.WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I(watch)acartoononSaturday.Herfathe

27、r(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯、否定回答：三、中譯英斯瑪特先生去年住在中國(guó)。昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(1)一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填

28、空It(be)AmysbirthdaylastFriday.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday.(read) Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)I(watch)acartoononMonday.We(go)toschoolonSunday.過(guò)去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(2)一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrSmart(go)tohisof

29、ficebycar.GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.Dontthehouse.Mumityesterday.(clean)Whatyoujustnow?Isomehousework.(do)They(make)akiteaweekago.hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.六、形容詞的比較級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)一、形容詞的比較級(jí)1、形容詞

30、比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用：兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more,alittle來(lái)修飾表示程度。than后的人稱(chēng)代詞用主格(口語(yǔ)中可用賓格)。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er；以字母e結(jié)尾，加r；以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er；以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i,再加er。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí)：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful三、練習(xí)、寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegood

31、beautiful、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Maryshairisas(long)asLucys.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.Myeyesare(big)than(she).Whichis(heavy),theeleph

32、antorthepig?、翻譯句子：1、誰(shuí)比Jim年紀(jì)大？isthanJim？2、誰(shuí)比David更強(qiáng)壯？thanDavid?3、誰(shuí)的鉛筆更長(zhǎng)，他的還是她的？pencilis,or？4、誰(shuí)的蘋(píng)果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryour?My.七、Therebe句型與have,has的區(qū)別1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、th

33、erebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人擁有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。6、and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語(yǔ)？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語(yǔ)？8、針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Whats+介詞短語(yǔ)？Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,the

34、reare”1.I_agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.atelephoneonthedesk.3.Hearadio.4.abasketballintheplayground5.Shesomedresses.6.They_anicegarden（花園）.Whatdoyou?areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike?anybooksinthebookcase?Myfatherastory-book.astory-bookonthetable.anyflowersinthevase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom

35、?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall.amapoftheworldonthewall.manychildrenonthehill.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureandamaponthewall.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、T

36、hereacakebehindthefridge（冰箱）yesterday.8、Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fillintheblankwith“have,has”Ianicedress.2.Heagoodfriend.3.They_somebooks.4.Wesomeflowers.5.She_aduck.6.Myfatheranewbike.7.Hermother_avase.8.Ourteacher_anEnglishbook9.Ourteachers_abasketball.10.Nancy_manyskirts.11.David_somejacke

37、ts.12.Myfriends_afootball.TOC o 1-5 h zWhatdoyou?WhatdoesMike?Whatdoyourfriends?WhatdoesHelen?Hisbrotherabasketball.Hersisteranicedoll.MissLianEnglishbook八、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞1、人稱(chēng)代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(有時(shí)候位于than之后)，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。人稱(chēng)代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性我Ime我的mymine你，你們youyou你的，你們的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我們weus我們的ourours他(她，它)們theythem他(她，它)們的theirtheirs一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)2.Thedressis.Give