2022年中考英語總復習之動詞不定式

1、中考英語總復習之動詞不定式基本概念: 動詞不定式是不被限定的動詞，不受人稱、數量和時態(tài)的變化而變化，不定式屬于非謂語動詞形式。不定式表示的是將來（即沒有做的事），將來發(fā)生的事情還不確定，故簡稱為不定式。 如：I want to make much money.我想賺很多錢。to make much money，賺很多錢，接下來我能否賺到很多錢，還不確定，所以不定式表示的是將來?；窘Y構：肯定式：to + do （動詞原形）否定式：not to +do（動詞原形） 基本用法：在句中除了不能做謂語以外，能夠作其他如何成分。還能擁有自己的賓語和狀語，構成不定式短語。作主語：常用It + be + 形

2、容詞+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.結構，也可直接用不定式（to + 動詞原形）做主語。如：Its easy for me to study English well.=To study English well s easy for me.做賓語：常見的動詞有：want, agree, choose, try, decide, hope, wish, learnI want to go to senior high school.作表語：常用在be動詞等系動詞后面。 His job is to repair computers. He seems to be i

3、nterested in the game.作定語：放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如果不定式與所修飾的名詞有動賓關系，這個不定式必須是及物動詞。如：I was the first to come. He has no wine to drink. (動賓關系)作狀語：1). 表目的：She was here to visit her daughter. 2). 表原因：Im sorry to trouble you.3). 表結果：The box is too heavy to carry. 4). 表示程度：This classroom is big enough to hold 50 stu

4、dents.作賓語補足語： 1）.必須使用 to的動詞有：ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow, wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth. 2）. 不能使用to的動詞有：have, make, let, see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth注意：在主動語態(tài)中，to 要省略；而在被動語態(tài)中，to 必須加上 3）. 可以使用to，也可以不用to的動詞：help He helped me（to）clean the room.7. 下列動詞后面不能

5、跟動詞不定式，只能跟動名詞（動詞的ing 形式）作賓語:enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, cant help，be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on8. 感官動詞后面的動詞不定式要省去不定式符號to. 如：I saw someone take your book just now. 9. 下列動詞后面可以跟動詞不定式也可以跟動名詞： begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, plan , forget, remember, stop, see

6、, hear, go on 注意：had better (not) do sth，would rather (not) do sth （不用to）10. 動詞不定式的否定形式直接在不定式前面加to. 如：He told me not to smoke here.四動詞不定式特殊用法：1.不定式的進行式：to be doing , 謂語所表示的動作和不定式所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 如：He pretended to be doing his homework when the teacher came in.2.不定式的完成式: to have done , 表示不定式的動作先于謂語動作。常用可接

7、不定式完成時的動詞有：seem, appear（顯得，好像），happen, pretend, prove（證明）Im sorry to have hit you.對不起，我撞到你了。 He seemed not to have drunk.他似乎沒有喝酒。 You appear to have waited for me for a long time.你好像等了我好長時間了。3.不定式的被動式：to be + P.P. 當不定式的邏輯主語同不定式具有邏輯動賓關系時，不定式要用被動式。He asked to be introduced to us.不定式短語to be introduced

8、to us的邏輯主語是句子的主語he，同時he同introduce又有邏輯上的動賓關系，因此用被動式。 The books arent allowed to be taken out of the library.4.不定式與疑問詞連用: what (where, when, how .) to do不定式與疑問詞連用，其作用相當于一個名詞性從句，可充當句子的主語、賓語和表語。（1) Im not sure whether to go to the one about accidents.（2) How to get rid of waste is a great problem for th

9、e world today.（3) The problem is how to feed a growing world population of over 6 billion.（4) As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work.5.不定式做定語時的被動問題不定式做定語時是否使用被動，是一個十分復雜的問題。簡單的判斷方法是看句子中是否有不定式的邏輯主語：如果有就用主動式；反之，如果沒有不定式的邏輯主語，就用被動式。例如：The action to be taken is correct. 6

10、.不定式的邏輯主語1). 不定式的邏輯主語表示不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，通常由介詞for加名詞、名詞性詞組或代詞賓格構成，置于不定式符號to之前。 It was easy for them to carry a guitar on their travel.2). 在“It is +形容詞”結構的句子中，不定式的邏輯主語可能用介詞for ,也可能用介詞of。當這個形容詞同不定式的邏輯主語構成邏輯上的主表關系時，介詞用of，否則就用for。 It is very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me.（不定式的邏輯主語you可以同

11、形容詞kind構成邏輯上的主表關系，kind在這里所說明的是you的特征，所以介詞用of） It is important for me to study English.不定式的邏輯主語me不能同important構成邏輯上的主表關系，important在這里所說明的是to study English（學英語）的特征，因此用for. 動詞不定式練習題 單項選擇 1. Zunyi is not far away from Guiyang, it only takes us an hour _there by high-speed train. A. getting B. to get C. g

12、ot D. get2. Look !The old man is carrying a heavy box. Lets_ him. A. help B. to helpC. helping D. helps3. I was so excited while watching Amazing China (厲害了，我的國) that I want _ it again. A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched4. We should turn off the lights energy when we leave. A. save B. not s

13、aveC. not to save D. to save 5. I have too much homework to do, so I have no time _ with you today. A. go shopping B. to go shopping C. going shopping D. goes shopping6. We have decided _ to senior high school. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 7. As middle school students we should do everything we c

14、an _ the environment. A. to protect B. protectingC. protect D. protected8. Its very dangerous for us _ cellphone while _ on the street. A. to play ; walking B. playing; walked C. playing ; to walk D. played; walk9. The teacher warned him _ in class. A. to not eat B. not to eat C. not eating D. not e

15、at 10. Tom, it seems , remember _ an umbrella when you go out. A. rain; take B. rains; takes C. to rain; take D. to rain; to take11. Father oftentells me_toomuchtimewatchingTV. AnotspendB.tonotspend C.not tospendD.spend12. Mom plans_ me abroad. A. tolet; to study B. tolet; study C. let; to study D. let; study13. Mikefounditdifficult_Chinesewell.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.Learned14. Iwou