牛津譯林版Module4Unit1語法梳理

1、直接引語和間接引語考情分析直接引語變間接引語是中學(xué)英語教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)語法之一。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都含一個賓語從句，直接 引語變間接引語時，人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號、大小寫、語序等都要作相應(yīng) 變化。引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出別人的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把別人的 話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。在直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，不僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常 要在時間，地點(diǎn)、人稱等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。1直接引語變間接引語時，人稱變化遵循一主、二賓、三不變”的規(guī)律。如：Li Lin said to Xiao Li, I ll help your bro

2、ther with his Chin ese. ”Li Lin told Xiao Li hed help her brother with his chin ese.一主：句中第一人稱I改成與主句語Li Lin相應(yīng)的人稱he；二賓：句中第二人稱 your改成與主句賓語XiaoLi相應(yīng)的人稱her；三不變：句中第三人稱 his無須改變。若直接引語是祈使句，則可根據(jù)以下口訣變?yōu)殚g接引語：去掉引號要加to，ask, order須記住；直接引語若否定，not加在to前面”。女口：Mary said to her mother, “ Please give me some money.”Mary as

3、ked her mother to give her some mon ey.名師點(diǎn)睛當(dāng)祈使句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，因?yàn)槠硎咕浔硎尽罢埱蟆⒚睢钡瓤跉?，所以祈使句直接引語變 為間接引語時不存在時態(tài)的變化。但是人稱、指示代詞、時間、地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化還應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述句直接引語 變間接引語的方法進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的改變。直接引語變間接引語時引述動詞的選擇視內(nèi)容而定：表示 命令時用 tell、order、comma nd;表示 請求時用 ask、beg、request；表示 :忠告時用advise、urge；表示建議時用suggestThe doctor said to me.D ont drink too m

4、uch.The doctor advisd me not to drink too much4.直接引語變間接引語的時態(tài)規(guī)律如下表所示:時態(tài)一致直接引語間接引語主句謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時態(tài)不變She says, “1 do/did/have done/ will do.”She says (that)she does/did/has don e/will do.主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)過去時態(tài)f過去完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一過去時態(tài)She said,I do/ did/have done/will do/am doing/was doin g.She said that she did/had do

5、ne/had done/would do/was doin g/was doin g.例外情形一般真理時態(tài)不變The teacher said,“ The carth moves round the sun,The teacher said tht the cath moves round the sun.歷史事實(shí)時態(tài)不變Our teacher said,World War lI en ded in 1945.Our teacher said that World War n ended in 1945.5指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動詞的變化如下表所示:直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時的變化直接引

6、語間接引語例句this t thatShe said,“1 wilome this momi ng.She said that she would go that mormi ng.theses thoseHe said.These books are mime.He said that those books were his.nowT the nHe said, “It is nine o clock nowie said that it was nine o clo(today- t that dayHe said, “1 have nt see n her today.He said

7、that he had nt seen her that day.yesterday t the day beforeShe said. “1 went there yesterday.She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow t the net(following)dayShe said,Ib th ere tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the n ext(follow in g)day.here t thereHe said. “ Master was here

8、three days ago. ”He said that his sister had bee n there three days eTg oSho said.I will come here this evening.She said that she would go there that evening.then.考點(diǎn)必備（1）轉(zhuǎn)述表示命令、要求的祈使句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時除用tell/order sb.to do ”或order+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用“ tell/say+that從句”表示，從句中的謂語動詞可用be+不定式”或have（got）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，含有“一定，必須”等意思。（2）“be+不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)在直接引語中的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時或直接引語中含有時間或條件從句的情況最 為常見。（3） 轉(zhuǎn)述表示建議、勸告的祈使句，在變間接引語時可用“suggest+動名詞”或“ suggest+that從句（虛擬 式）”，這種用法在let祈使句中最為常見。（4） 轉(zhuǎn)述表示號召、鼓勵的let祈使句，變間接引語時除用“urge/advise sb.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可用urge/adv