2023屆湖南省永州市高三下學(xué)期聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題含解析

1、2023屆高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷考生請(qǐng)注意：1答題前請(qǐng)將考場(chǎng)、試室號(hào)、座位號(hào)、考生號(hào)、姓名寫(xiě)在試卷密封線內(nèi)，不得在試卷上作任何標(biāo)記。2第一部分選擇題每小題選出答案后，需將答案寫(xiě)在試卷指定的括號(hào)內(nèi)，第二部分非選擇題答案寫(xiě)在試卷題目指定的位置上。3考生必須保證答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1U.S. President Barack Obama arrived in Chinas economic center Shanghai on Sunday night, November 15th2009, _a state visit

2、 to China.AstartingBstartedCto startDhaving started2In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.， many people have gone home.Awhose timeBthatCon whichDby which time3Maybe it is time for the rest of society to _ the fact _ I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things

3、I can do.Aadjust to; that Bget used to; that while Cadapt to; while Dgo about; that while4After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhat5In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance

4、 _ in comparison with light, it wont be blocked by trees when travelling.Awhile BbecauseCwhen Dthough6They felt _ it was high tax and low income _ contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladder.A/；thatBthat; whichCthat; whatD/; which7I believe it is the only solu

5、tion to this problem.Thats debatable, I think. I can five other solutions as good as that.Acome up withBmake up withClive up withDkeep up with8Zhouqu, Gansu was attacked by such a terrible mud-rock flow few residents had ever experienced before.AasBwhichCwhereDthat9-Mary was asked to do something im

6、portant.-It doesnt matter. Lets the work where it is left off.Atake upBtake downCtake inDtake off10一Did you forget your promise, dear?一 I have finished my homework on time, mom.AExcuse me.BSurely.CWhy not?DHow could I?11Dont touch your eyes, nose and mouth, because they arent covered by skin and can

7、 _ the virus more easily.Atake upBpick upCmake upDset up12Smoking should be banned in public. _It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.AId love to BIts my pleasureCIm with you on that DIts up to you13The first decade in the 21st century _ the rapid rise of China as a world economic power.A

8、witnessBhas witnessedCwill witnessDhave witnessed14I _ to help you to do homework but I couldnt spare any time. I _ a composition last night and Ill finish it tomorrow.Awanted；wroteBhad wanted；was writingChad wanted；wroteDwanted；have been writing15Mum, I am worrying about my pet dog while we are awa

9、y.Boy, you _. Our neighbor has offered to help us.Acant Bwouldnt Cneednt Dmustnt16Looking people in the eye _ sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed.AmustBcanCshouldDmight17The mother goes mad every time she washes the T-shirt_ her son wipes his dirty hands.AthatBwhereCwhichDwhen18Ms Alice is c

10、onsidered a lady by us, for she often helps the poor she met with.AselfishBhopefulCmeanDgenerous19Well have to finish it , _.Ahowever it takes longBhowever long it takesCno matter how it takesDno matter how long does it take20When all is said and done, there doesnt seem to be _ a mystery to explain.

11、Akind ofBclose toCfar fromDmuch of第二部分 閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21（6分） Throughout our daily lives, we have known plenty of people and will know more. But how can we tell if someone is trustworthy? In a paper published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, r

12、esearcher gave us the answer.The researchers asked 101 adults from the United States to fill out a questionnaire measuring their guilt-proneness(內(nèi)疚傾向) in different situations as well as several other qualities, and then play a short online game. In this game, Player 1 is given $1, which they can cho

13、ose to give to Player2. Any money given to Player 2 is then automatically increased to $2.20. Player 2 can then decide whether to keep all of the money or behave in a trustworthy way by returning a portion of the money to Player 1. The researchers found more guilt-prone people were more likely to sh

14、are the money with Player1. Actually, in follow-up studies, guilt-proneness predicted trustworthiness better than other personality qualities the researchers measured.Why might guilt lead to trustworthy behavior? The researchers found people who were guilt-prone also reported feeling an obligation t

15、o act in ethical(合乎道德的) and responsible ways while interacting(互動(dòng)) with their partners in the game. People who are guilt-prone tend to avoid engaging in behavior that might harm or disappoint others. If they do something bad, guilt encourages them to try to make things right again.Then， how can we u

16、se this research to ascertain whether someone is trustworthy? “One way to do this might be observe how they respond to experience regret,” lead author Emma Levine, assistant professor at the University of Chicago Levine, explains. Another way is to ask them to describe a difficult dilemma they faced

17、 in the past, suggests co-author Taya Cohen, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University. This is particularly effective, Cohen and her colleagues have found, because it allows us to see if theyre concerned about the effects their actions have on others.1、What may make others feel that we are

18、reliable according to the text?AOur good qualities to help them out.BOur tendency to experience guilt.COur kind attitude towards them.DOur team spirit in the game.2、What may connect guilt with trustworthy behavior?AA sense of responsibility.BA feeling of disappointment.CThe way one interacts with ot

19、hers.DThe ability to tell right from wrong.3、What does the underlined word “ascertain” in the last paragraph mean?AAskBExpressCDescribeDDetermine4、How is the text organized and developed?ABy providing background.BBy making a lot of comparisons.CBy answering the raised questions.DBy analyzing effects

20、 of guilt-proneness.22（8分） Both honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They survive by means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they

21、work together. As Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University, says, Ants arent smart. Ant colonies are.The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants ha

22、ve similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the co

23、lony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. The other ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a dance. Different speeds

24、and movements send different messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance, the better the new locati

25、on is.Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of sameness and difference to accomplish certain

26、 tasks. Ants take this one step further. Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obst

27、acles.As we can see, the social behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as

28、 they go about their everyday activities.1、What do ants and bees have in common?AThey live in similar-sized colonies.BThey make use of collective intelligence.CThey have small leadership groups that make all decisions.DThey use the same methods to communicate with each other.2、What does the speed of

29、 a bees dance indicate?AThe quality of a new colony location.BThe distance to a neighboring colony.CThe discovery of a new food source.DThe direction to a potential food source.3、In paragraph 3, how does the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning ?ABy using

30、statistics.BBy explaining reasons.CBy referencing opinions.DBy presenting study findings.4、What is the benefit of collective intelligence?AIt allows the colony to reproduce more rapidly.BIt improves work cooperation within the colony.CIt reduces the division of labour among members.DIt enables indiv

31、iduals to teach each other new skills.23（8分）One of the biggest problems when we are talking is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the past, I struggled with this and I even thought it had to do with my D

32、NA or something But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.After studying this in depth, I had different

33、 opinions and found that one of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering (過(guò)濾)-holding back from saying something until youve “checked” to make sure that what youre about to say is cool, impressive and interesting. Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you do

34、nt know how to change from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.It is the reflex (習(xí)慣性思維) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. Its fun to realize that youre allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you dont say anything that could land you in jail (監(jiān)獄).All o

35、f the “Oh! Thats interesting” “Hmm, Ive never heard of that” “Hmm, cool!” expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that youre really listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, theyll hang around and want to talk to you even more

36、.Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if its not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they a

37、re to forget.1、If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can .Atrain their working skill Bimprove their life qualityCenrich their social life Destablish their working relationship2、When talking with others, we should .Afeel nervous Bthink twiceCbe free to express Davoid breaking in3、Accordin

38、g to the passage, what do the speakers care much about?AThe attractive topics of conversation.BThe atmosphere of the conversation.CThe listeners experiences and tastes.DThe listeners curiosity and concern.4、What does the underlined part “juice-up conversations” mean?Amaking conversations more boring

39、 Bmaking conversations livelierCmaking conversations smoother Dmaking conversations more relaxing24（8分） We all love bank holidays. In the UK, we only get eight bank holidays in one year, and at least five of those occur around Christmas time and Easter time! A bank holiday is a British English term.

40、 This is an official day that is decided by the government, when banks, shops and offices close for the day even though its a weekdayusually a Monday, and a lot of people have a day off work.Bank holidays are different in Colombia -firstly, they are called “festivos”. There are twenty festivos for t

41、he whole country in one year! In Britain, people get more holiday allowances(津貼)than Colombians but fewer bank holidays. There can be even more festivos in Colombia, depending on which region of Colombia you live in. This is because different regions have their own holidays. For example, some region

42、s have a patron saint(守護(hù)神), so they have an extra festivo to celebrate that saint.However, there are some days that are national holidays for historical reasons. There is an Independence Day celebration on July 20 every year. This is just like Bastille Day in France on July 14, or Independence Day i

43、n the United States on July4. Other important festivos in Colombia are: Labour Day, on May 1, and Columbus Day on October 12. Columbus Day is a historical bank holiday that almost every county on the continent of America celebrates. This includes Colombia, Chile, Peru, Argentina, Mexico and the Unit

44、ed States. It is memorialization of the day when the Italian sailor, Christopher Columbus, first reached land on the continent in the year 1492. Many people criticize this day and say it is not something to celebrate because of the way Columbus and his team treated the people that were already livin

45、g there.1、What is a “bank holiday” according to the text?AAn official nationwide vacation.BA holiday only for the bank staff.CA British traditional religion festival.DA celebration for Christmas and Easter.2、What can we learn from Paragraph2?AColombia and Britain have the same number of festivos.BAl

46、l Colombians have the same number of festivos.CColombians have fewer holiday allowances than British people.DPeople in most regions celebrate a patron saint.3、Why do many Americans refuse to celebrate Columbus Day?ABecause Columbus wasnt an American at all.BBecause Columbus once treated the locals b

47、adly.CBecause it wasnt Columbus who found America first.DBecause Columbus didnt live in the continent of America.4、What is the text mainly about?AA British English term.BBank holidays in Colombia.CImportant festivos in America.DDifferent bank holidays in the world.25（10分）Brain imaging was once thoug

48、ht to be too costly and difficult for widespread use in the developing world. But the technology soon may be available in poor countries. Brain imaging creates pictures of brain activity. It uses infrared light similar to the light produced by a television remote control. Brain imaging can identify

49、the first signs of cognitive (認(rèn)知的) delays, mental problems, in newborns and young children. Such children could be suffering from a poor diet.The technology has a long name functional near-infrared spectroscopy, or f-N-I-R-S. It involves placing an extremely small, soft helmet around a babys head. I

50、nfrared light is sent through the bone protecting the brain. It helps to show whether babies are developing normally for their age.f-N-I-R-S is considered safer than other imaging methods, including MRI or PET scan. And it also can be easily moved. The brain scanner equipment can be loaded into a ve

51、hicle. Health workers can drive it from village to village.Clare Elwell is a professor of medical physics at University College London. She helped develop the relatively low-cost, non-aggressive imaging technology. She says the device measures oxygen in the blood to learn how babies brains are devel

52、oping.“And as you use different areas of your brain, you direct oxygen to those different brain areas. And so if we look at the change in the distribution of the oxygen in your brain, we can work out how active your brain is and what your brain is actually processing.”Clare Elwell led a study of the

53、 testing method in rural Gambia. The babies involved were between four and eight months old. They were examined three times over 15 months. Researchers noted the babies1 reactions to different images and sounds. She says poor nutrition and childhood diseases threaten the African children. She says t

54、he goal is to identify babies needing to be better fed or treated for health problems that can harm brain development.1、What do we know about the f-N-I-R-S?AIt measures oxygen in the body to learn how brains are developing.BIt can only be used in newborns and young children.CIt is not only relativel

55、y cheap but also convenient.DIt is just like a soft helmet around a babys head.2、Whats the main solution to the diseases in brain in the countries like Gambia?ATo guarantee their adequate medicine.BTo develop economy.CTo offer their proper education.DTo insure they can get good nutrition.3、Why did C

56、lare Elwell lead the study of (he testing method in Gambia?ABecause she was born there.BBecause she was a volunteer doctor there.CBecause she wanted to cure the children there of their brain diseases.DBecause she wanted to know if poor nutrition resulted in brain problems.4、Which of the following ca

57、n be the best title for the text?ABrain Imaging Enters AfricaBPoor Nutrition Only Led to Mental ProblemsCf-N-I-R-S, A New Imaging MethodDPoor Countries Can All Use f-N-I-R-S Now第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)26（30分） There came a time in my life when my l

58、earning curve ( 曲線) became very steep. I learned so much in such a 1 time that I was reading two grades ahead of my 2 class. At school I was continuously 3 with lectures, because I had already done 4 .And 5 my knowledge increased, so did my arrogance(傲慢). I started getting into 6 debates with my tea

59、chers. I knew more than them, and I was eager to show it at every 7 I got. That was until Mrs T 8 . She was new to our school, and a perfect 9 for me. I tried one of my tricks on her in front of the whole class. She didnt scold me. She just 10 At the end of the class, she 11 me aside and said the fo

60、llowing words:“I know that there is an unspoken 12 that a teacher is supposed to be more 13 than the student. We both know that is 14 . I know for a fact that you know much more than me. And I wont insult you by pretending otherwise. But remember this. Knowledge is supposed to give you 15 , not prid