中考英語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、動(dòng)詞部分 【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 掌握動(dòng)詞的種類情況。 掌握動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。 （一）動(dòng)詞的種類 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng) 1行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞 (vt)和不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)，及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。 More and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefull

2、y.(vi) 2連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp. 3助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示否定，疑問及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征，助動(dòng)詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 How do you usually

3、come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. 4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。 Can I help you? - Must we go now? No, you neednt . a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)均

4、可，指須經(jīng)過努力而“能”。 b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認(rèn)為“必須”，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為“不得不”，它可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。 cneed和dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作行為動(dòng)詞。 例題解析1. Be careful , Jane. Dont _ your hands dirty. （重慶第二外國(guó)語學(xué)校）A get B. keep C. have D. let2.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began . （成都樹德中學(xué)） A. is

5、 B. was C. are D. were3. Where is Tom ? （成都樹德中學(xué)） He hasnt come to school today . I think he _ be ill . A. has to B. should C. may D. need4. _ I visit Lucy on Sunday , Mum ? （綿陽南山中學(xué)） Yes , you _ . A. Must ; can B. May ; may C. Need ; need D. May ; need5.I will tell you how to get to the place ; youd

6、better _ it _ . （成都外國(guó)語學(xué)校） A. try ; on B. get ; off C. take ; down D. pick ; up6.Germany and Great Britain are _ countries , but China and India are _ ones . （重慶巴蜀中學(xué)） A. developing ; developed B. developed ; to develop C. developed ; developing D. to develop ; developing7.The greedy inn-keeper once m

7、ade the poor heroine _ twice a day . （綿陽外國(guó)語學(xué)校） A. dance B. dances C. danced D. to dance8. People now can know what is happening in the world quickly . （雙流中學(xué)） Youre right . With the help of computers , news can _ every corner of the would . A. get B. arrive C. return D. reach9.We usually have six les

8、sons a day , and each of them _ 45 minutes . （成都七中） A. last B. lasts C. have D. need10.The doctor did what he could _ that child . （重慶第二外國(guó)語學(xué)校） A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving啊 B C B C C A D B B （二）動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式 to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能獨(dú)立作謂語，但可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語，又可以在句子中作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、主語、表語等。但它畢竟是動(dòng)詞，因此，具

9、有動(dòng)詞的許多特點(diǎn)，如它可以有自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。1作主語。 如： To learn English is very important. 但實(shí)際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語，而將不定式移至謂語動(dòng)詞后作真正的主語。如上句可表達(dá)為： Its very important to learn English. 2作表語。 如： My idea is to ring him up at once. 3作賓語。 如： I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School. 4作賓語補(bǔ)足語。a. ask, want, teach, tell, k

10、now, would like, allow等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus. b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom. c. let, make, have這些使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。 如： In those days the bosse

11、s often made the workers work day and night. d.動(dòng)詞help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，可帶to也可不帶to。 如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag? 5作定語。 a.與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。 如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in. b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。 如： Mr Liang is always the first

12、to come and the last to leave. c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。 如： I have no time to play cards. 6作狀語，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。 如： Ill go to meet my friend at the railway station. 7不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb. to do sth” 作主語時(shí)，常用“It is +adj+ for of sb. to do sth”的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wrong, careful等

13、用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.” 其他形容詞用 for。 Its dangerous for you to ride so fast. Its very kind of you to help me. 8動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。 如： I dont know when to start. He didnt tell me where to go. 但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句，故上述句子也可表達(dá)為： I dont know when well start. He didnt te

14、ll me where he would go. 注意： a.有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。 如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯(cuò)過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。 如： The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door? b.有些動(dòng)詞后可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，但意思不同。 如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做

15、) Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了) They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作) They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作) 1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. （南山中學(xué)）A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. I dont know wh

16、ether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. （雙流中學(xué)）A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. （成都外國(guó)語學(xué)校）A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told4. Id rather have a room of my ow

17、n, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else. （巴蜀中學(xué)）A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing5. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. （成都四中）A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished6. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.（成都七中）A. wait, to come B.

18、 wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came7. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.（南山中學(xué)）A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will surviveB D B C B A B二用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。He found it very difficult _ （sleep）. (湖南省)Robert often asks us _( help) his Chinese,

19、 so his Chinese is much better than before.The old man told the child _( no be) noisy.(湖北省)The new hospital _(build) is near the factory.(青海省)Im sorry _(hear) that. (河北省)to sleep to help with not to be to be built to hear“主謂一致”解題指導(dǎo)一、主謂一致 主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一致原則，即語法形式一致，概念一致（語言內(nèi)容上一致），毗鄰一致（謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和

20、緊位于其前的主語一致）。 1. 語法形式一致 （1）單數(shù)主語、單個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。復(fù)數(shù)主語，用and或bothand連接的動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether well go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you

21、and I are students. 6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. （2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語后面，不能看作是并列主語，該主語不受這些詞組引導(dǎo)的插入語的影響，主語如是單數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞仍然

22、用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2) 3) His sister no less than you is wrong. 4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. (3)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)它們?cè)诰渥又凶髦髡Z時(shí)，盡管在意義上是多數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, anot

23、her, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： 1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter. (我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。) (4)在neither of與either of的結(jié)構(gòu)里，一般語法書都認(rèn)為謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在美國(guó)的TOEFL考

24、試內(nèi)要求用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 2) Has either of them been seen recently? (5)當(dāng)and連結(jié)的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一個(gè)人或同一件事，and后的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式；在and后面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應(yīng)黃油面包。) 2)The bread and the butter are on sale.

25、(正在出售黃油和面包。) （6）當(dāng)one of結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1)One of those students has passed the examination. 2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. （7）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of等 + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞的謂語只用單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞的謂語視可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： 1）Half of this building is to

26、be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely. 3）There is plenty of water in the pail. 4）There are plenty of eggs in the box. （8）如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed. 2）Two-thirds of t

27、he people present are against the plan. （9）定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與先行詞一致。例如： 1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 注：當(dāng)one之前有the only等限定詞修飾時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： He is the only one of those boys who is wi

28、lling to take on another assignment. 2.概念一致（語言內(nèi)容上一致） （1）有些集合名詞如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦樂隊(duì)）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語言內(nèi)容而定。如果它們作為一個(gè)集體單位時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如就其中的各個(gè)成員來說，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 1）His family is going to move. 2）His family are very wel

29、l. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park. 注：如這類詞后跟有定語從句時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞也遵循概念一致的原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用who; 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用which。例如： 1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsible for this event attem

30、pted to find a solution. (2)有些表示總稱意義的名詞，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。例如： 1）Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. 2）The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. (3)有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)。如news, means, works.還有許多以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如economi

31、cs, physics, mechanics, politics等，它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1）Politics is a complicated business. 2）Here is the news. (4)復(fù)數(shù)主語與each連用時(shí)，應(yīng)不受each的影響，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： 4) The old workers and the young each have their own tools. (5)表示重量、度量、衡量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 2) Th

32、ree pints isnt enough to get me drunk. (6)國(guó)家、單位和書報(bào)的名稱，作為一個(gè)單一的概念，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1）War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. （8）the +形容詞作主語時(shí)，如主語指的是一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指的是單個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) The blind are taught trades in special schools. 2) The departed was a good friend of his. 3.毗鄰一致（就近原則） (1)由

33、連詞or, neitheror, eitheror, not only also, nor等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按毗鄰一致的原則，與貼近它的主語一致。例如： 1) He or you have taken my pen. 2) Either you or he is no telling the truth. 3) Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. (2)在there be 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般也采取就近原則。例如： 1)There is a desk and four

34、benches in the office. 2)There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 例題解析1.The man together with his wife and children there watching TV. （成都七中）A. sitting B. sits C.sit 2. This pair of glasses _ me. （成都四中）A. dont fitB. doesnt fitC. fits notD. not fit3.Every student and every teacher _.（北京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)

35、）A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attend the meetingC.has attended the meetingD. is attended the meeting4.Nothing but six chairs _ in the room. （北京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)）A. areB. is stayedC. isD. are left5.Three years _ not a long time. （北京海淀區(qū)）A. isB. areC. hasD. be6.He is one of the children who _ fond

36、 of playing football. （上海）A. isB. areC. wasD. were7.No news _ good news. （四川達(dá)州）A. amB. isC. areD. be8.The number of pages in the dictionary _ about two thousand. （綿陽中學(xué)）A. areB. hasC. haveD. is9.Many a student _ interested in the film. （成都七中）A. isB. areC. haveD. were10.It _ John and Mike who cleaned

37、the classroom. （綿陽南山中學(xué)）A. areB. wereC. wasD. has beenB B A C A B B D A C動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 弄清動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，掌握常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)，即：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)in an office.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es:I work You workHe worksShe worksIt worksWe workYou work They work （一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式（二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法永恒的真理一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以用于陳述永恒的真理Summ

38、er follows spring.“現(xiàn)在時(shí)段”一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以陳述現(xiàn)在時(shí)段內(nèi)發(fā)生或存在的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。這些事件、動(dòng)作或情景說不定會(huì)無限期的延續(xù)下去。但實(shí)際上，我們的意思則是在說“這是現(xiàn)在存在著的狀況”。My father works in a bank.My sister wears glasses.習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以帶時(shí)間副詞或不帶時(shí)間副詞表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，即不斷重復(fù)發(fā)生的事。I get up at 7.John smokes a lot.使用帶不定頻度副詞（如：always,never等）或帶副詞短語（如：every day等）的一半現(xiàn)在時(shí)可使習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)得更加明確。I som

39、etimes stay up till midnight.She visits her parents every day.在以How often 開頭的問句及答句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在是：How often do you go to the dentist? I go every six months.表示將來這種用法往往用于談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、節(jié)目單或日程表上所安排好的事情的時(shí)候：The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st.The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

40、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be的現(xiàn)在式+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。I am You are He is She is It is We areYou are They are Im YoureHes Shes Its WereYoureTheyrewritingwaitingrunningbeginninglying writingwaitingrunningbeginninglying 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事件。往往與now, at the moment, just等副詞連用，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)：Someones knocking at the door.

41、Can you answer it ?What are you doing ? I m just tying up my shoe-laces.Hes working at the moment ,so he cant come to the telephone.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作皆被視為未完成的動(dòng)作：He s talking to his girlfriend on the phone.可用still 一詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性Hes still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.暫時(shí)情況 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示不會(huì)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，或被認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行

42、的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況。Whats your daughter doing these days ? Shes studying English at Durham University.這種情況不一定在說話時(shí)發(fā)生：Dont take that ladder away. Your fathers using it . 別把梯子拿起，你父親在用。即不一定現(xiàn)在在用。）Shes at her best when shes making big decisions. 當(dāng)做出最大決定時(shí)，她處于最佳狀態(tài)。暫時(shí)發(fā)生的事情也可以是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行著：The river is flowing very fast a

43、fter last nights rain. 昨夜下過雨后，河水流速很快?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向：People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days . 如今人們對(duì)吸煙較為難以忍受了。事先計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作：指將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示為將來安排好的活動(dòng)和事件；除在上下文中意思清楚者外，通常需要一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語：Were spending next winter in Australia. 我們將要在澳大利亞度過明年冬天。用arrive ,come, go ,leave 等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫行程安排，也通常有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意

44、思。Hes arriving tomorrow morning on the 13.27 train. 明天早上他將乘13時(shí)27分的火車到達(dá)。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，可用狀語和上下文使語義不致含混：Look ! The trains leaving. 看！火車開了。（即火車實(shí)際上正在開動(dòng)）重復(fù)的動(dòng)作副詞 always, constantly ,continually ,forever ,perpetually ,repeatedly 等等可與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：Shes always helping people . 他經(jīng)常幫助別人。某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶有always 等

45、次也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)：Im always hearing strange stories about him . 我常聽說關(guān)于他的一些怪事。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)過多時(shí)，則有時(shí)含有抱怨的意思：Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason. 我們的防盜警報(bào)器不知怎么常常失靈。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來解說當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的事件，特別是在電臺(tái)和電視廣播中。在這種情況下，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示說話時(shí)剛完成的快速動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則常用來描述持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作：MacFee passes to Franklyn, F

46、ranklyn makes a quick pass to Booth . Booth is away with the ball ,but he s losing his advantage. 麥克菲把球傳給富蘭克林，富蘭克林快傳給布恩，布恩帶球跑開，但他處境不利。2 在示范和使用說明中使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的這種用法是祈使語氣的另一種表示方式。它說明每一步應(yīng)該怎樣做：First you boil some water .Then you warm the teapot .Then you add three teaspoons of tea .Next ,you pour on boi

47、ling water. 你先燒些開水，然后把茶壺燙熱，接著放三勺茶葉，隨后沖入開水3 內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Kate Foxs novel is an historical romance set in London in the 1880s. The action takes place over a period of 30 years 凱特.?？怂沟男≌f是一部以1880年的倫敦為背景的歷史傳奇。情節(jié)的跨度有30年4 報(bào)刊標(biāo)題、圖片文字說明等用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：這種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常以表示過去發(fā)生的事件：Freak snow stops trafic反常的大雪使交通斷絕一般將來時(shí)一般將來

48、時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall/will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。shall(用于第一人稱，will用于任何人稱。表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示準(zhǔn)備、計(jì)劃、打算做某事時(shí)，常用be going to加動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：Were going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭(zhēng)求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at sev

49、en this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to

50、+不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示，表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過去式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。 一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：a. be動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)。一般疑問句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大寫。b.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式?？隙ㄊ剑褐髡Z+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它。如：They had

51、 a good time yesterday.否定式：主語+did not(didnt)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：They didnt watch TV last night.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主語+did.否定回答：No，主語+didnt.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didnt.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework?一般過去時(shí)的用法：一般過去時(shí)的基本用法a)表

52、示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)因燃料用光而停機(jī)了。b)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I wrote home once a week at college.我上大學(xué)時(shí)每周給家里寫一封信。He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年時(shí)就養(yǎng)成了廣泛閱讀的習(xí)慣。注：表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，除了用過去時(shí)外，還可以用used

53、to或would來表示。She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.她上高三時(shí)經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常一坐幾個(gè)鐘頭什么事也不做。 c)表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作。She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走進(jìn)房間，拿起一本雜志，認(rèn)真地翻閱了起來。The students go up early in the mornin

54、g, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.學(xué)生們很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗讀英語。d)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來我們才會(huì)離開。She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告訴我如果第二天下雨的話，她就不去了。一般過去時(shí)的特殊用法a)在虛擬語氣中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Its time we went.

55、該是我們走的時(shí)候了。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年輕20歲。I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.我寧愿你暫時(shí)先不要采取什么措施。b)在口語中，一般過去時(shí)往往顯示委婉客氣。I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想請(qǐng)你幫個(gè)忙。Might I come and see you tonight?我想今晚來看你，好嗎？ 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語表示一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：a moment ago(剛才)，yesterday morning，la

56、st night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(剛才)等。動(dòng)詞一般過去式的構(gòu)成a.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的變化可速記為直、去、雙、改四字訣。一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。b.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。be動(dòng)詞過去式有兩種形式，主語是第一、三人稱單數(shù)形式使用was，其他人稱用were。注

57、意事項(xiàng)：A) 注意時(shí)間狀語的搭配。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語應(yīng)該是表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用，因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。B) used to do的否定形式和疑問形式很特別：你怎么寫都正確。以否定形式為例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都對(duì)。Used to do經(jīng)常與 be used to doing

58、 sth/ sth結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。前者表示過去常?；蜻^去曾經(jīng)，要求加動(dòng)詞原形；后者表示習(xí)慣于，要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到說話時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)做或尚未做過的動(dòng)作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等詞語作狀語。 注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(離開)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí)，但在肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)的 since和for 短語連用，因?yàn)?/p>

59、點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞不能延續(xù)，而在否定句中可以與表示一段時(shí)間的for短語連用，因?yàn)榉穸ǖ狞c(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞可以看作是一種可延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。Mike has come for a year.( ) Mike has been here for a year( ) Mike hasnt come for a year.（）過去完成時(shí) 表示截止到過去某一時(shí)刻或在過去的動(dòng)作之前（過去的過去）已經(jīng)做或尚未做的動(dòng)作。By (=up to )last weekend we hadnt got any information.When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考

60、點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是?？键c(diǎn)二：考查時(shí)間狀語例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .