初中英語語法八大時態(tài)歸納總結(jié)

1、中學(xué)英語語法八大時態(tài) 一一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu) 確定句式 : 主語+動詞原形 /動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) +其他 否定句式 : 主語+（助動詞） dont/doesnt +動詞原形 +其他 一般疑問句式 : Do/Does+主語 +動詞原形 +其他 簡略回答 : 肯Yes,主語 +do/does 否No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式 : dont = do not doesnt = does not 例句： He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 用法

2、1）表示經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示頻度的副詞連用； 常用的頻度副詞有： always,often, usually,seldom,never,sometimes, every week day, year, month , onceaweek,onSundays頻. 度副詞在句中通常放在行為動詞之前,系動詞,助動詞之后； 例如 : He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主語具備的性格,特點(diǎn)和才能等； 例如： All my family l

3、ove football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3表示客觀真理,客觀存在,自然現(xiàn)象；例如： The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按方案或支配好的,或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來； 但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take plac等e ； 例如： The tr

4、ain leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句是一般將來時,時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將 來要發(fā)生的動作； 例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二一般過去時態(tài) 1. 結(jié)構(gòu) 確定句式 : 主語+動詞過去式 +其他 否定句式 : 主語+（助動詞） didn t動+詞原形 +其他 一般疑問句式 :

5、Did+ 主語+動詞原形 +其他 簡略回答 : 肯Yes,主語 +did 否No,主語 +did not 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 否定句 一般疑問句 第 1 頁 共 9 頁 第 1 頁,共 9 頁Be 動詞 was/were+not was/were 提前,放于句首 行為動詞 didnt+do動詞原形） Did+ 主語+do（動詞原形） 2. 用法 1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情形；常和表示過去的時間狀語 yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before

6、 yesterday, last weekyear, night, month , at the age of 5, one day, onceupona t等 im連例如： Where did you go just now. After a few years, she started to play the piano. 2）表示在過去,經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作；常與 often,always 等表示頻度的副詞連用； 例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在大路上踢足球； 3）一般過去

7、式也可與 today,this week,this month,this year 等表現(xiàn)在的時間狀語連用,但這些時間狀 語須指過去的時間,決不包含 “現(xiàn)在 ”“此時此刻 ”的意思； 例如： Did you see him today.今日你觀看他了嗎？ 三一般將來時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu) 結(jié)構(gòu) 1： 確定句式：主語 +助動詞 will+ 動詞原形 +其他 否定句式：主語 +助動詞 will+ 動詞原形 +not+其他 一般疑問句式：助動詞 Will+ 主語 +動詞原形 +其他 簡潔回答：在口語中, will 在名詞或代詞后常縮為 ,llwii not 常簡縮為 won；t 在疑問句中,主語為第一人稱時

8、（ I 和 we）時,常用助動詞 shall； 例如： Shell go to play basketball. Shall we go to the zoo. 結(jié)構(gòu) 2： 確定句式：主語 否定句式：主語 一般疑問句式： +be going to +動詞原形 +其他 +be not going to +動詞原形 +其他 Be+主語+going to+動詞原形 +其他 簡略回答：（肯） Yes,主語 +be 2. 用法 （否） No,主語 +be not 1）表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與 tomorrow, next dayweek, month, year , soon, i

9、n a few minutes, by , the day after tomo等 rro連w例如： Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. 2）,表示說話人對于將來的看法,假設(shè)和估量,通常用于 等后面的從句或與副詞 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等連用； 例如： I think she ll go back home for supper. Maybe she ll go to the gym. 將來時其他表示法 1）be going to 表示將來 第 2 頁 共 9 頁 be afraid, be/feel su

10、re, hope, know, think 第 2 頁,共 9 頁表示說話人的預(yù)備,方案,支配或依據(jù)跡象判定必定或很可能發(fā)生的事情； 例如： What are you going to do tomorrow. The playisgoing to beproduced next month； 留意： be going to 和 will 之間的區(qū)分； 在時間上： be going to 通常表示馬上要發(fā)生或相當(dāng)快就要發(fā)生的事情；而 間,可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來； will 不指明任何具體時 He is going to be better. He will be better. 方案/臨時：兩者都表

11、示意圖時, 考或方案,是臨時的一種準(zhǔn)備； be going to 含有預(yù)先方案,預(yù)備的意思； will 就指未經(jīng)過預(yù)先思 What are you going to do next Sunday. will 就意指說 Im going to go fishing. Where is the telephone book. Ill go and get it for you. 兩者都用于推測時, be going to 意指有跡象說明某件事將要發(fā)生,屬客觀的估量； 話人認(rèn)為 /信任某件事將要發(fā)生,屬主觀的估量； 在條件狀語從句中, be going to 表將來 ,will 表意愿； 例如： I

12、f you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 2）“ beto+動詞原形”表示客觀支配或受人指示而將要做某事； 例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 3）be about to + 動詞原形,意為馬上做某事；不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間 狀語連用,多于 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀

13、語連用； 例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 四現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 2. 用法： 1）表示現(xiàn)在 （指說話人說話時） 正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動作； 常與 now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days 等時間狀語連用 ；注：假如句首有警示性動詞 進(jìn)行時連用； 例如： We are waiting for you now. Listen. The bird is singing in the tree. look,listen 等,主句的動詞也與現(xiàn)在 2）.

14、表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時間內(nèi)）,始終在進(jìn)行的活動；說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行； 例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說；（說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀 態(tài)；） He is thinking about this problem.這些天來他始終在考慮這個問題； 3）.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或連續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),常與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,往往帶有說 話人的主觀顏色； 例如： You are always changing your mind. 第 3 頁 共 9 頁 第 3 頁,共 9 頁4）.表示尚未

15、完成的漸變過程,這樣的動詞有： 例如： The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等； 5）,表示移位的動詞,如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 等,其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可表將來； 例如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了； The train is arriving soon. 火車要到了； 注：不能用進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞 類別 舉例 感官類 感覺 See,look,smell,hear,taste,noti

16、ce,feel 類 認(rèn)知類 存 Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer 在類 占有,Believe,think,understand,forget,remember 從屬類 短暫 Appear,exist,lie,remain 動作類 Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish 五現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)： 確定句 ：主語 +助動詞 have（has）+動詞過去分詞 -ed 否定句： 主語+助動詞 have（has

17、）+nothaven t,hasn動詞t過+去分 詞 一般疑問句： HaveHas+ 主語 +動詞過去分詞 -ed+？ 特殊疑問 句： 疑問詞 +havehas+ 主語 +動詞過去分詞 -ed+？ -ed 2. 用法 含義：現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系 說, 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在仍存在； , 也就是 1）現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用 , 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America.王先

18、生剛從美國回來； I haven t seen much of him recently lately. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet. 現(xiàn)在完成時中的時間狀語： already 通常用于確定句中,意為已經(jīng),位于行為動詞之 前 問句句尾,表示詫異； , be 動詞,助動詞之后；有時可放在 疑 例如： We have already cleaned the classroom. yet 用于疑問句中表示已經(jīng)；用于否定句中,表示仍 Have you finished it already？

19、沒； 例如： Hashefoundhiswatch ye？t 他仍沒找到他的表嗎？ No, not yet. 是, 仍沒有； ever 意為曾經(jīng), 常用于疑問句或否定句中,位于助動詞和過去分詞之間,表示從過去到目前為止 的 時間； 例如： Haveyoueverbeen ther？e你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎？ Nothing has ever happened here.這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事； ever 與否定詞 never 意為（曾經(jīng)）從未,沒有 , 是否定副詞,在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間； not 連用相當(dāng)于 never；例如： 第 4 頁 共 9 頁 第 4 頁,共 9 頁I haven t

20、 everspoken to her. = I haveneverspoken to her我. 從未跟她講過話； just 意為剛剛 , 用于現(xiàn)在完成時 , 表示行為剛剛過去 , 位于助動詞與過去分詞之間； e.g. Hehas just comeback from schoo他l. 剛從學(xué)?；貋?； just now 意為剛才 , 表示過去某時 , 用于一般過去時 , 位于句首或句尾均可； e.g. Hecame from school just now他 . 剛才從學(xué)?；貋恚?for 和 since 的用法及區(qū)分； for 與一段時間連用, since 與時間點(diǎn)連用；留意： since 后

21、接過去時的 時間狀語或過去時的句子； e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven t seen her since she left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her. have/hasgone t,ohave/hasbeen to 和 have/hasbeenin的區(qū)分； have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人仍未回來 have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過 , 人已經(jīng)回來了 have/

22、 has been in 已經(jīng)在 , 常與一段時間連用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去過上海； She has been in Shanghai for ten years.她在上海 10 年了； Has he gone to Qingdao.他去青島了嗎？但不能說 Have you gone to Qingdao. 2）,現(xiàn)在完成時仍可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動作始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常帶有 for 或 since 等表示一段時 間的狀語； 如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. I havent seen muc

23、h of him recently lately. We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet. 3）,現(xiàn)在完成時瞬時動詞即終止性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用； 常見終止性動詞與連續(xù)性動詞 或狀態(tài)動詞 的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下 : come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -beborrow - keep put on - wear buy -

24、 have leave - be away from begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleep end/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆買這支已有兩年了； Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years

25、. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2022 It is two years since Jim bought this pen. 4）.在表示 “最近幾世紀(jì) / 年/ 月以來 ”時間狀語中,謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時； in the past few years/months/weeks/day；s over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuri

26、es; throughout history 等 5）.表示 “第幾次做某事, ”或在 “ It is the best worst, most interesting +名詞 that ”后 面跟現(xiàn)在完 成時； 例： This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 第 5 頁 共 9 頁 第 5 頁,共 9 頁That is the only book that he has written. 6）have / has been to +

27、地點(diǎn) 意為 “曾去過某地 ”,暗含目前已不在該地僅表示當(dāng)事人的一種經(jīng)受而已； have / has gone to +地點(diǎn) “到了某地去了 ”,暗含 “已離開原地去了某地 ”之意,但是否到達(dá)了某地尚不確 定； 如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海； He has been to Shanghai.他去過了上海； 六過去完成時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動詞 had動詞過去分詞 2. 用法： 1）,表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)；即發(fā)生的時間是過去的過去；常 與 “by the end of/by/before+ 過去時間 ”構(gòu)成的短語連用； 例如： Th

28、e train had already left before we arrived. He said that he had learned some English before. By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs. 2）表示在過去某一動作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作；常用 when,before,after 等引導(dǎo)的從句作為 動作發(fā)生時間先后的對比,先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時,后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時； When I got to the railway station, the train had alr

29、eady left. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)火車站時,火車已經(jīng)開走了 His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here. 爸爸來這之前,在一家電視機(jī)廠工作了 5 年； 3）表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的方案, 愿望等； 這種用法中常用的動詞為 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等； 例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.那時我們期望你能來,但是你沒有來； I had thoug

30、ht that all knew about it.我以為他們都知道這件事呢； 七過去進(jìn)行時 1. 結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 -ing 2. 用法： 1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作；動作發(fā)生的特指時間常用一個短語或時 間狀語從句來說明,如： at this time yesterday ,at 7:00 yesterday , last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等； My family were watching TV at that time yest

31、erday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone. What wereyoudoing at 9:00oclockyesterdaymorning.留意：（1）以 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,從句動作,主句用過去進(jìn)行時,表示一個動作發(fā)生時, 另一個動作正在進(jìn)行； 第 6 頁 共 9 頁 第 6 頁,共 9 頁When he called me , I was having dinner . （ 2）以 while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行, while 常 譯為“當(dāng) 的時候,同時”； Tom was d

32、oing his homework while his sister was watching TV . 2）,表移動的動詞,如 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等詞的過去進(jìn)行時,可以表示過 去將要發(fā)生的動作； 例如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 八過去將來時態(tài) 表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作；但這個 將來 時間絕不會延長到現(xiàn)在；而僅限于過去時間 區(qū)域內(nèi)； 由此可以看出, 含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示過去某個時間點(diǎn)的狀語； 這個狀語或是一 個短語

33、,或是一個句子；這個時態(tài)常用于： 1.結(jié)構(gòu) awould/should+動詞原形 bwas/were going to+動詞原形 2. 用法 1）,表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句或間接 引語中； 例如： He said that he would finish his work before 9 o clock. 他說他會在九點(diǎn)之前完成工作； When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時,我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么； 2）,表示過去的某種習(xí)慣性

34、動作,只能用 would； 例如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand. 每當(dāng)他遇到困難時,我們總會伸出救濟(jì)之手； 3）表示過去情形中的愿望,傾向,多用于否定句； No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難,他總會堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完； They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他們知道我們絕不會答應(yīng)發(fā)生這

35、樣的事； Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座終止之后,聽眾仍不愿離去； 選擇 1. The population of the worldstillnow.（ 2022甘肅蘭州） A. has; grown B. is; growing C. will; grow D. is; grown 2. -Good evening. I to see Miss Mary. （ 2022甘肅蘭州） -Oh, goodevening. I m sorry, but sheis not in.A. have c

36、ome B. come C. came D. had come 3. It s time for dinner.Whereisyour father, Emma. Hehisbikein the yard. （ 2022新疆阜康） A. clean B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 4. If you carefully, you thereportwell.（ 2022廣州） A. will listen; will be understood B. will listen; understand C. listen; will understa

37、nd D. listen; understand 第 7 頁 共 9 頁 第 7 頁,共 9 頁5. They abouteighthundredEnglishwordsby the end of last term. （2022廣州） A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned 6. Howdid the accidenthappen.（2022廣州） You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it . A. was; was rain

38、ing B. is; has rained C. is; is raining D. will be; will rain 7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening. A. is going to be B. has been C. has D. will have 8. What does your sister like doing in her spare time？ She watching TV. （2022湖北武漢） A. likes B. liked C. ha

39、s liked D. had liked 9. When Jessy to New York ？ Yesterday. （ 2022湖北武漢） A. does; get B. did; get C. has; got D. had; got 10. Howclean the bedroom is. （2022湖北武漢） Yes, I am sure that someone it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 11. My friendme. I have to leavenow.（2022河北） A. waits fo

40、r B. waited for C. is waiting for D. was waiting for 12.Besure to let Tom know the noticeassoonashe. 2022河北） A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived 13. I the wrongthing.Can I useyoureraser.（ 2022河北） A. write B. wrote C. am writing D. will write 14. -Are yougoing to helpJohnwithhisChine

41、se this evening.-NO, He to England. He will be back next month. （ 2022山東威海） A. returned B. has returned C. returns D. will return 15. -Who s won the first prizein the competition.（ 2022山東煙臺） -Henry . He has it for a week. A. is, won B. is, got C. has, had D. has, been given 16. -Is this the place th

42、at you.（ 2022四川成都） -No. I veneverbeenthere before. A. have visited B. will visit C. are visiting visit （2022江蘇南京） 17. It outside.Youd better take anumbrellawith you. （2022江西） A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained 18.-Can I helpyou.（ 2022江西） -I bought this watch here yesterday, but it work. A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt 19. I used to love this filmwhen I wasyoung, but I it that wayany more. A. dont feelB. didnt feelC. havent felt D. hadnt felt 20.-Howwasyourtrip to the ancientvillage.（2022湖北宜昌） -Fantastic. We to a museum of strange stones. A. go B. went C. ar