什么是人際關(guān)系和人際溝通

1、什么是人際關(guān)系和人際溝通第1頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日what kinds of outline are the most important in the chapter?Role Relationship Patterns2第2頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Basic Concepts Definitions Related Terms Personal Interpretations of Role Societal Interpretations Role Effects of Alteration in Role Perfo

2、rmance on Others OUTLINEp.108Role Relationship Patterns3第3頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Applications Professional Nurse Role Types of Professional Roles Role Socialization Role Stress Self-awareness in the Professional Role OUTLINEp.108Role Relationship Patterns4第4頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Client

3、 Role Patients Bill of RightsRole Performance as a Nursing Diagnosis Supportive Interventions Developing New SolutionsSummary OUTLINEp.108Role Relationship Patterns5第5頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What are the objectives of learning or studying in our lesson?Role Relationship Patterns6第6頁，共65頁，2022年，

4、5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日At the end of the chapter, the student will be able to 1. Define role and role performance 2. Describe the four components of professional role socialization 3. Discuss the professional roles of the nurse 4. Discuss the characteristics of the sick role Objectivesp.108Role Relationshi

5、p Patterns7第7頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Role Relationship PatternsObjective One:Define role and role performance8第8頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 What is role? A role is defined as a set of expected behavioral standards established by the society or community to which a person belongs (Creasia, 199

6、1). Definitionsp.109-110Role Relationship Patterns9第9頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 What is role relationship?Role relationships influence communication content and process. Consider your own role” as a nursing student and how it influences communication content and process. Definitionsp.109-110Role

7、Relationship Patterns10第10頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 什么是人際關(guān)系和人際溝通？人際關(guān)系人際關(guān)系是人們通過交流與相互作用而形成的比較穩(wěn)定的心理關(guān)系，反映著個(gè)體或群體滿足其社會(huì)需要的心理狀態(tài)，其發(fā)展變化取決于雙方社會(huì)需要的滿足程度。人際關(guān)系外延很廣，包括朋友關(guān)系、夫妻關(guān)系、師生關(guān)系、同學(xué)關(guān)系、同事關(guān)系等。內(nèi)涵是個(gè)體之間的心理上的關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)為親近或疏遠(yuǎn)、敵對(duì)或友好等心理上的距離。 p.310 Role Relationship Patterns11第11頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 什么是人際關(guān)系和人際溝通？人

8、際溝通人際溝通是指人際間的信息交流?？梢允敲鎸?duì)面的，也可以是非面對(duì)面的，可以是語言的，也可以是非語言的，旨在傳達(dá)思想、交換意見、表達(dá)感情和需要等。 它包括關(guān)系溝通與內(nèi)容溝通，即每個(gè)溝通都包含著一定的內(nèi)容和確定一定的關(guān)系。內(nèi)容是指溝通中所傳信息的實(shí)質(zhì)含義，關(guān)系是指溝通各方在溝通中所處的地位和聯(lián)系方式。 p.303 p.310Role Relationship Patterns12第12頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日你能舉例說明人際關(guān)系溝通和內(nèi)容溝通之間的聯(lián)系嗎？護(hù)士：“昨晚我給xx（患者）的藥為什么沒吃？護(hù)患關(guān)系 內(nèi)容溝通效果很熟悉 成功一般 有心理距離但可能成功緊張

9、 很難有效， 患者家屬可能說“我怎么知道？ 沒吃藥到底是誰的責(zé)任?！盧ole Relationship Patterns13第13頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is role performance? Role performance refers to a persons capacity to function in accord with social expectations of a particular role. Perceptions of behavioral standards for role performance differ f

10、rom based on cultural, gender, institutional, and family expectations; People still expect different role behaviors from men and women despite tremendous advances in equal opportunity. Definitionsp.109-110Role Relationship Patterns14第14頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Role transition describes changes

11、in role expectations that occur as developmental life crises or when unexpected life events such as illness or injury alter role function. For example, new mother experiences a significant role transition with the birth of her first child, as does a young athlete struck down in a ball game with a sp

12、inal cord injury. What is role transition? Definitionsp.109-110Role Relationship Patterns15第15頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 What is position? Position represents a standardized description of a role and associated expectations that makes it understandable to others in the community or group. Social

13、position relates to the status and identity the person holds in the community. The concept of position sometimes plays a role in how helping professionals respond to clients: they sometimes treat clients in high positions differently than those with no money or low social status. Definitionsp.109-11

14、0Role Relationship Patterns16第16頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Whereas it is important for the nurse to recognize differences in position as relevant factors in supporting client integrity and self-esteem, nurses need to view all clients as very important persons, treating them all with the same resp

15、ect and giving them all quality care regardless of position. Definitionsp.109-110 What is position?Role Relationship Patterns17第17頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Role Relationship PatternsObjective Two:Describe the four components of professional role socialization18第18頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Unl

16、ike other forms of education, the nursing student must simultaneously(同時(shí)地)adjust to learning new material while starting on the job training in which the stakes(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))are high. Cohen identified four goals of professional socialization (see Box 6-4). Which is the four components of professional role soc

17、ialization ? Professional Nurse Rolep.114-115Role Relationship Patterns19第19頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Box 6-4.Steps in the Socialization ProcessLearn the technology of the profession: the facts, skills, and theory.Internalize(使內(nèi)在化)the professional cultureFind a personally and professionally accep

18、table version of the role.Integrate this professional role into all the other life roles.Role Relationship Patterns20第20頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Box 6-4.Steps in the Socialization Process學(xué)會(huì)專業(yè)技能：專業(yè)法規(guī)、技術(shù)和理論。與專業(yè)文化融為一體。找到就個(gè)人和職業(yè)而言都可接受的角色類型。把職業(yè)角色整合到所有其它生活角色中。Role Relationship Patterns21第21頁，共65頁，2022

19、年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Exercise Looking at My Development as a Professional NursePurpose: To help you focus on your self- development as a professional nurseRole Relationship Patterns22第22頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Exercise Looking at My Development as a Professional NurseProcedure: Write the story of

20、how you chose to become a nurse in a one- to twoessay (may be done as a homework assignment). There are no right or wrong answers; this is simply your story. You may use the following as guides in developing your story.Role Relationship Patterns23第23頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Exercise Looking at M

21、y Development as a Professional NurseProcedure:What are your reasons for choosing nursing as a profession?What factors influenced your decision; people, circumstances, or situations?Describe your vision of yourself as a nurse.What fears do you have about your ability to function as a professional nu

22、rse?How do you think being a nurse will affect your personal life?Role Relationship Patterns24第24頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日In what ways is your story similar to or different from those of your classmates?As you wrote your story, were you surprised by any of the data or feelings?Role Relationship

23、PatternsDiscussion:25第25頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Students can discuss some of the realistic difficulties encountered as nursing students both professionally and personally and ways to handle them. Explore through discussion the following:The practices nursing students will need to follow to ach

24、ieve their visionThe types of supports nurses need to foster their ongoing professional developmentRole Relationship PatternsDiscussion:26第26頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Role Relationship PatternsObjective Three:Discuss the professional roles of the nurse27第27頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Which are t

25、here Professional Nursing Roles P.1161. Caregiver: a. Provides complete or partial compensatory care for clients who cannot provide these self-care functions for themselvesb. Implements supportive/educative actions to promote optimum healthReinforces the natural, developmental, and healing processes

26、 within a person to enhance well-being, comfort, function, and personal growth Professional Nurse RoleRole Relationship Patterns28第28頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日2. Teacher:a. Provides health teaching to individual clients and families b. Develops and implements patient education programs to promote

27、/maintain healthful practices and compliance with treatment recommendationsc. Guides individuals in their human journey toward wholeness and well-being through psychoeducationWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns29第29頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日3. Client advocate:a. P

28、rotects clients right to self-determinationb. Motivates individuals and families to become informed active participants in their health carec. Mediates between client and others in the health care environmentActs as clients agent in coordinating effective health care servicesWhich are Professional N

29、ursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns30第30頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日4. Manager:a. Coordinates staff and productivityb. Delegates differentiated tasks to appropriate personnelFacilitates communication within and among departments Serves on committees to improve and maintain quality of caree

30、. Makes decisions and directs relevant changes to ensure quality careWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns31第31頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日5. Evaluator:a. Sets quality assurance/care standardsReviews records and monitors compliance with standardsc. Makes recommendatio

31、ns for improvementWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns32第32頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日6. Researcher: Develops and implement research/grant proposals to broaden understanding of important issues in clinical practice and validate nursing theories as a basis for effect

32、ive nursing practiceWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns33第33頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日7. Consultant:Provides specialized knowledge/advice to others on health care issuesb. Evaluates programs, curricula, and complex clinical datac. Serves as expert witness in legal

33、 casesWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns34第34頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日8. Case Manager:a. Administers care for a caseload of clientsb. Coordinates cost-effective care optionsMonitors client progress toward expected behavioral outcomesCollaborates with other profe

34、ssionals to ensure quality care across health care settingsWhich are Professional Nursing Roles P.116Role Relationship Patterns35第35頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Role Relationship PatternsObjective Four:Discuss the characteristics of the sick role 36第36頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 From the client pe

35、rspective, loss of or changes in normal roles, role relationships, and role performance are important dimensions(尺度/元)of the emotional pain clients experience in health care situations. How well people are able to perform their roles within the family and society influences their reputation within t

36、he community and their sense of self-esteem. When illness or injury affects role performance, it also impacts role relationships with others and self-esteem. How to understand Client role , role relationships, performance and transition? p.119Role Relationship Patterns37第37頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，

37、星期日 The nurse may be the only person who has the expertise and willingness to facilitate discussions of the implications of role changes stemming from(源于)altered health status for the client in an objective, compassionate manner. p.119How to understand Client role , role relationships, performance a

38、nd transition? Role Relationship Patterns38第38頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Talking about the meaning of role change is just as important as talking about how to change a dressing or what a physical symptom means. Loss of role, changes in role expectations and performance, role relationships and rol

39、e transitions can occur as a result of age, illness, loss of job or significant person, injury, and mental disorders How to understand Client role , role relationships, performance and transition? p.119Role Relationship Patterns39第39頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Most people do not assume the sick ro

40、le voluntarily. Illness or trauma(外傷)can change an individuals social role from one of independent self-sufficiency to one of vulnerability(脆弱性)and varying degrees of dependency on others, a personal role from one of independence to dependence. When clients enter a health care situation, they encoun

41、ter an interpersonal environment that encourages the development of feelings of anonymity(無名) and helplessness. How to understand Client role , role relationships, performance and transition? p.119Role Relationship Patterns40第40頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 At the hospital door, the client forsakes(

42、放棄)recognized social roles in the family, work situation, and community, temporarily or permanently. Regardless of how competent the person may be in other life roles, when illness strikes (打擊), questions about role performance inevitably arise.Often clients must learn new role behaviors that are un

43、familiar and unsettling to previously held self-concepts.How to understand the transition of Client role , role relationships, and role performance? Role Relationship Patternsp.11941第41頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Adjustment to a change in health care status requires a whole new set of coping skill

44、s without necessarily having the same social supports. Clients clearly need the support of the nurse to incorporate the rapidly changing meaning of the environmental and personal changes encountered in illness into an otherwise basically healthy self-concept. How to understand the transition of Clie

45、nt role , role relationships, and role performance? Role Relationship Patternsp.11942第42頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日Differences in perspectives play a major part in determining which illnesses and disorders are recognized as legitimate(合理的), the roles clients assume in their health care, and who be

46、comes the culturally assigned expert (在 .中當(dāng)專家) in promoting, maintaining, and restoring health. For example, some cultures believe that illness is punishment from God or an imbalance of energy that interferes with the bodys functioning. These cultural understandings can affect role relationships in

47、health care settings. How to understand the transition of Client role , role relationships, and role performance? Role Relationship Patternsp.11943第43頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日 Client Role Clients are expected to act as participating, cooperative agents in their recovery process. However, an Asia

48、n client may appear as a passive recipient of health care, strikingly dependent on family and health caregiver for all guidance and care. Without a clear understanding of this culturally acceptable expression of the sick role, the nurse may respond inappropriately. p.120Role Relationship Patterns44第

49、44頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ?p.1211. The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care. Client Role Role Relationship Patterns45第45頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ?p.1212. The patient has the right to, and is encouraged t

50、o obtain from physicians and other direct caregivers, relevant, current, and understandable information concerning diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Except in emergencies when the patient lacks decision making capacity and the need for treatment is urgent, the patient is entitled to the opportuni

51、ty to discuss and request information related to the specific procedures and treatments, risks involved, length of recuperation, and medically reasonable alternatives and their accompanying risks and benefits. Client Role Role Relationship Patterns46第46頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients

52、 Bill of Rights ? Client Role 3.Patients have the right to know the identity of physicians, nurses, and others involved in their care, as well as the status of the caregivers (e.g., when those involved are students, residents, or other trainees.).p.121Role Relationship Patterns47第47頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20

53、日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ? Client Role 4.The patient has the right to make decisions about the plan of care before and during the course of treatment, to refuse a recommended treatment or plan of care to the extent permitted by law and hospital policy, and to be informed of the

54、medical consequences of this action. p.121Role Relationship Patterns48第48頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ? Client Role 5.The patient has the right to have an advance directive (such as living will, health care proxy, or durable power of attorney over health care) conce

55、rning treatment or designating a surrogate decision maker with the expectation that the health care institution will honor the intent of that directive to the extent permitted by law and hospital policy. Health care institutions must advise patients of their right to make informed medical choices.p.

56、121Role Relationship Patterns49第49頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ? Client Role 6.The patient has the right to every consideration of privacy. Case discussion, consultation, examination, and treatment should be conducted so as to protect the patients privacy.7.The pati

57、ent has the right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to care will be treated as confidential by the hospital, except in cases such as suspected abuse and public health hazards, when reporting is permitted or required by law. p.121Role Relationship Patterns50第50頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20

58、日，12點(diǎn)46分，星期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ? Client Role 8.The patient has the right to review records pertaining to medical care and to have the information explained or interpreted as necessary, except when restricted by law.9.The patient has the right to expect that, within its capacity and po

59、licies, a hospital will make reasonable response to the request of a patient for appropriate and medically indicated care and services. The hospital must provide evaluation, service, and referral as indicated by the urgency of the case. p.121Role Relationship Patterns51第51頁，共65頁，2022年，5月20日，12點(diǎn)46分，星

60、期日What is a Patients Bill of Rights ? Client Role 10.The patient has the right to ask and be informed of the existence of business relationships among the hospital, educational institutions, and other health care providers or payers that may influence the patients treatment and care.p.121Role Relati