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1、 English for Specific Purposes(ESP) Zhaoyu Yang Jun.16, 第1頁Introduction1ESP Teaching3Contents11ESP Development2第2頁The end of the Second World War heralded an age of enormous and unprecedented expansion in scientific, technical, and economic activity on a global scale. English took the role as the de

2、manded international language of technology and commerce. From its early beginnings in the 1960s ESP (English for Specific Purposes) has undergone significant development in the West, especially in the English-speaking countries.the Background of ESP Research第3頁The third scientific and technological

3、 revolution in the 20th century initiated the tide of learning English as a foreign language in many other non-native speaking countries (NNS).English for Specific Purposes was accepted as a member in the family of the English language teaching in China, and grew rapidly.the Background of ESP Resear

4、ch第4頁A widely accepted opinion was that the ESP was started in 1962, when a research article, Some Measurable Characteristics of Modern Scientific Prose (Barber) was published.the Background of ESP Research第5頁ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are

5、 based on the learners reason for learning; it should be seen not as any particular language product but an approach to language teaching which is directed by specific and apparent reasons for learning.Definitions of ESPHutchinson & Waters, 1987: 19第6頁Hutchinson and Waters (1987:19) later described

6、ESP in the following way. “ESP is an approach in language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning”. Definition of ESP第7頁ESP was defined as “English for civil servants; for policemen; for officials of the law; for doctors and nurses; for

7、specialists in agriculture; for engineers and fitters” in the Linguistic Science and Language Teaching in 1964. Halliday,McIntosh & Strevens, 1964第8頁He revised the above absolute characteristics by claiming that ESP is designed to meet specified needs of learners; ESP makes use of underlying methodo

8、logy and activities of the discipline it serves; ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of general English.Dudley Evans, 1998第9頁ESP, standing for English for Specific Purposes, is divided into many types: EST,EBE and ESS, short forms of English for Science an

9、d Technology, English for Business and Economy and English for Social Sciences respectively , etc.ESP 強(qiáng)調(diào)從專業(yè)需求出發(fā)，探求一個(gè)英語與專業(yè)相結(jié)合方式，如法律英語，商務(wù)英語，旅游英語，科技英語等，不但包括語言和語言學(xué)知識(shí)，教育知識(shí)，還包括各行業(yè)專業(yè)知識(shí)。第10頁ESP in the west Register Analysis語域分析階段Rhetorical or Discourse Analysis修辭或語篇分析階段Skills and strategies技巧與策略分析階段Learning

10、-centered Approach以學(xué)習(xí)為中心階段ESP Development第11頁ESP in China Preliminary Stage(1979-1993) According to the searching result from ,before 1994, only two articles involved “ESP” label. ESP Development第12頁Growing Stage(1994-)ESP theory in this period gradually became more and more familiar to Chinas Engli

11、sh teachers and scholars. However, domestic articles on ESP in this period mainly focused on the definition and classification of ESP, almost regardless of its relation to general and applied linguistics.第13頁P(yáng)rosperous Stage（ to now）At present there is about 19,000,000 students in about 1030 higher

12、education institutes”. ( 劉潤清，戴曼純，:12). ESP represents the tendency of ELT development in the 21 century. (劉潤清，1996). ESP signals the orientation of Chinas College English Teaching Reform. ( 蔡基剛，)第14頁According to Hutchinson & Waters（1978）, English teaching divide into EGP and ESP. The primary teachin

13、g task of EGP are: lay a language foundation, master the basic vocabulary and grammar rules for the purpose of normal communication.ESP Teaching第15頁ESP 教學(xué)是EGP教學(xué)延伸和擴(kuò)展，是學(xué)生語言知識(shí)和技能在普特英語發(fā)展到一定階段后繼續(xù)提升和強(qiáng)化必經(jīng)過程，是為滿足學(xué)生專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)需要深入培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語言工作能力一個(gè)主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容，這也是高等教育培養(yǎng)體系中外語教學(xué)最終目標(biāo)之一。ESP Teaching第16頁It is imperative that the c

14、ollege English course should reduce EGP content and increase the ESP teaching content. Many scholars (許國璋1986；劉潤清，1996；程雨民，；秦秀白，；陸劍明，) proposed this point early.Professor Cai Jigang () in Fudan University also agree with this point. He pointed out the future orientation of college English teaching s

15、hould be the ESP teaching rather than humanistic English.ESP Teaching第17頁ESP has been receiving more attention in the educational sector, although Chinese ESP practitioners did not make salient contribution to the systematic development of ESP theories.In China, the ESP teaching research has changes

16、 from simple theoretical research to combine theory with practice. Many universities in China have opened he ESP courses and achieved preliminary results accordingly.第18頁ESP is based on needs analysis, to the curriculum for the soul, to student-centered and learning-centered and take demands of soci

17、ety as its orientation. It combines English and professional knowledge together in order to complement each other promoting common development. Conclusion 第19頁ESP teaching is the extension and continuity of EGP teaching. It is the strategic adjustment that meets the need for talent of the national economic devel