Oracle11GR2RAC及負(fù)載均衡搭建手冊

1、Oracle 11G R2 RAC安裝手冊基礎(chǔ)知識RAC是什么RAC，全稱real application clusters，譯為“實(shí)時應(yīng)用集群”，是Oracle新版數(shù)據(jù)庫中采用的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，是高可用性的一種，也是Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫支持網(wǎng)格計(jì)算環(huán)境的核心技術(shù)。RAC的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)Oracle RAC支持Oracle9i、10g、11g版本，可以支持24 x 7 有效的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，在低成本服務(wù)器上構(gòu)建高可用性數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，并且自由部署應(yīng)用，無需修改代碼。在Oracle RAC環(huán)境下，Oracle集成提供了集群軟件和存儲管理軟件，為用戶降低了應(yīng)用成本。當(dāng)應(yīng)用規(guī)模需要擴(kuò)充時，用戶可以按需擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)，以

2、保證系統(tǒng)的性能。多節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)載均衡; 提供高可用：故障容錯和無縫切換功能，將硬件和軟件錯誤造成的影響最小化; 通過并行執(zhí)行技術(shù)提高事務(wù)響應(yīng)時間通常用于數(shù)據(jù)分析系統(tǒng); 通過橫向擴(kuò)展提高每秒交易數(shù)和連接數(shù)通常對于聯(lián)機(jī)事務(wù)系統(tǒng); 節(jié)約硬件成本，可以用多個廉價PC服務(wù)器代替昂貴的小型機(jī)或大型機(jī)，同時節(jié)約相應(yīng)維護(hù)成本; 可擴(kuò)展性好，可以方便添加刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)展硬件資源。缺點(diǎn)相對單機(jī)，管理更復(fù)雜，要求更高; 可能會增加軟件成本Oracle RAC原理在一個應(yīng)用環(huán)境當(dāng)中，所有的服務(wù)器使用和管理同一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，目的是為了分散每一臺服務(wù)器的工作量，硬件上至少需要兩臺以上的服務(wù)器，而且還需要一個共享存儲設(shè)備。同時所有服務(wù)

3、器上的OS都應(yīng)該是同一類OS,根據(jù)負(fù)載均衡的配置策略，當(dāng)一個客戶端發(fā)送請求到某一臺服務(wù)的listener后，這臺服務(wù)器根據(jù)我們的負(fù)載均衡策略，會把請求發(fā)送給本機(jī)的RAC組件處理也可能會發(fā)送給另外一臺服務(wù)器的RAC組件處理，處理完請求后，RAC會通過集群軟件來訪問共享存儲設(shè)備.邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)上看：每一個參加集群的節(jié)點(diǎn)有一個獨(dú)立的instance，這些instance訪問同一個數(shù)據(jù)庫。每一個節(jié)點(diǎn)的linstance都有自己的SGA。每一個節(jié)點(diǎn)的linstance都有自己的background process。每一個節(jié)點(diǎn)的linstance都有自己的redo logs。每一個節(jié)點(diǎn)的instance都有自己

4、的undo表空間。所有節(jié)點(diǎn)都共享一份datafiles和controlfiles。三類Resource：VIP - 虛擬IP地址(Virtual IP) OCR - Oracle Cluster Registry(集群注冊文件),記錄每個節(jié)點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息Voting Disk,仲裁機(jī)制用于仲裁多個節(jié)點(diǎn)向共享節(jié)點(diǎn)同時寫的行為，這樣 做是為了避免發(fā)生沖突。RAC環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)器配置操作系統(tǒng)主機(jī)名內(nèi)存網(wǎng)卡Redhat Enterprise Linux 5.4rac12Geth0（Public）eth1（Prive）Redhat Enterprise Linux 5.4rac22Geth0（Public）

5、eth1（Prive）用戶組規(guī)劃GroupNameGroupID說明HOSToinstall501Oracle清單和軟件所有者rac1，rac2asmadmin504Oracle自動存儲管理組rac1，rac2asmdba506ASM數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員組rac1，rac2asmopen507ASM操作員組rac1，rac2dba502數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員rac1，rac2用戶規(guī)劃UserIDUserNameGroup說明HOST口令501gridoinstalldbaasmadminasmdbaasmoperOracle Cluster用戶rac1rac2grid123502oracleoinstalldb

6、aasmdbaOracle數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員rac1rac2oracle123IP規(guī)劃主機(jī)名公用IP私有IP虛擬IPrac1111111rac2121212ScanIP00存儲規(guī)劃存儲組件Block DeviceASMlib NameSizeOCR/dev/sdbOCR_VOL11G/dev/sdcOCR_VOL21G/dev/sddOCR_VOL31G數(shù)據(jù)文件/dev/sdeDATA_VOL110G文件備份/dev/sdfBACK_VOL15GOracle RAC搭建配置共享存儲（ASM依賴）方法一：vmware workstation 9虛擬共享存儲在VM安裝目錄VMware Workstati

7、on下執(zhí)行命令：#vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 2 D:racDiskdb01.vmdk#vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 2 D:racDiskdb02.vmdk#vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1GB -a lsilogic -t 2 D:racDiskdb03.vmdk#vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 10GB -a lsilogic -t 2 D:racDiskdb04.vmdk#vmware-vdi

8、skmanager.exe -c -s 5GB -a lsilogic -t 2 D:racDiskdb05.vmdk修改rac1和rac2下的.vmx文件，在最后一行添加如下內(nèi)容：diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize=0 diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize=0diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize=0diskLib.dataCachePageSize=4096diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = 0disk.locking = FALSEscsi1.sharedBus = virtual scsi1.p

9、resent = TRUEscsi1.virtualDev = lsilogicscsi1:0.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:0.deviceType = diskscsi1:0.present = TRUEscsi1:0.fileName = D:racDiskdb01.vmdkscsi1:1.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:1.deviceType = diskscsi1:1.present = TRUEscsi1:1.fileName = D:racDiskdb02.vmdk scsi1:2.mode = in

10、dependent-persistentscsi1:2.deviceType = diskscsi1:2.present = TRUEscsi1:2.fileName = D:racDiskdb03.vmdk scsi1:3.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:3.deviceType = diskscsi1:3.present = TRUEscsi1:3.fileName = D:racDiskdb04.vmdkscsi1:4.mode = independent-persistentscsi1:4.deviceType = diskscsi1:4.pres

11、ent = TRUEscsi1:4.fileName = D:racDiskdb05.vmdk重新打開虛擬機(jī)，并啟動。磁盤分區(qū)，在rac1執(zhí)行#fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previo

12、us content wont be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0 x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1000 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id Sy

13、stem Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-1000, default 1):Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1000, default 1000): Using default value 1000 Command (m for help): wThe partition table has

14、 been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.#fdisk /dev/sdc 重復(fù)上面操作#fdisk /dev/sdd 重復(fù)上面操作#fdisk /dev/sde 重復(fù)上面操作#fdisk /dev/sdf 重復(fù)上面操作方法二：Linux mount掛載（待解決）安裝依賴包#yum install -y expect* iscsi* binutils* compat-libstdc+* expat* elfutils-libelf* gcc* glibc* ksh* libgcc*#yum i

15、nstall -y pdksh* libgomp* compat-db* libXp* libaio* cpp* setarch* sysstat* libstdc+* make-3*#yum install -y unixODBC#yum install -y unixODBC-devel查看依賴包安裝狀況#rpm -q -qf %NAME-%VERSION-%RELEASE(%ARCH)n binutils elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf expat gcc gcc-c+ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-header

16、s ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel執(zhí)行結(jié)果binutils-.6-26.el5(x86_64)elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5(x86_64)elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5(i386)elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5(x86_64)elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5(i386)expat-1.95.8-11.el5_8(x86_64)expat-

17、1.95.8-11.el5_8(i386)gcc-4.1.2-54.el5(x86_64)gcc-c+-4.1.2-54.el5(x86_64)glibc-2.5-118.el5_10.2(i686)glibc-2.5-118.el5_10.2(x86_64)glibc-common-2.5-118.el5_10.2(x86_64)glibc-devel-2.5-118.el5_10.2(x86_64)glibc-devel-2.5-118.el5_10.2(i386)glibc-headers-2.5-118.el5_10.2(x86_64)ksh-20100621-18.el5(x86_6

18、4)libaio-0.3.106-5(x86_64)libaio-0.3.106-5(i386)libaio-devel-0.3.106-5(i386)libaio-devel-0.3.106-5(x86_64)libgcc-4.1.2-54.el5(x86_64)libgcc-4.1.2-54.el5(i386)libstdc+-4.1.2-54.el5(x86_64)libstdc+-4.1.2-54.el5(i386)libstdc+-devel-4.1.2-54.el5(x86_64)libstdc+-devel-4.1.2-54.el5(i386)make-3.81-3.el5(x8

19、6_64)pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1(x86_64)sysstat-7.0.2-12.el5(x86_64)unixODBC-2.2.11-10.el5(i386)unixODBC-2.2.11-10.el5(x86_64)unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-10.el5(x86_64)unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-10.el5(i386)網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置修改rac1和rac2的network#vi /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesNETWORKING_IPV6=noHOSTNAME=rac1 #此處為主機(jī)名GATEWA

20、Y=54#vi /etc/sysconfig/networkNETWORKING=yesNETWORKING_IPV6=noHOSTNAME=rac2GATEWAY=54修改rac1和rac2的hosts#vi /etc/hosts#eth0-Public IP#11 rac112 rac2#eth1PRIVATE IP#11 rac1-priv12 rac2-priv#VIP#11 rac1-vip12 rac2-vip#SCAN#00 rac-cluster-scan重啟rac1和rac2網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)#service network restart配置虛擬IP#ifconfig eth0:0

21、11 netmask up#ifconfig eth0:0 12 netmask up*注：虛擬IP在重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)會被卸載，需要重新設(shè)置。配置NTPD服務(wù)NTPD服務(wù)為Grid的檢查項(xiàng)，提供時間同步服務(wù)。修改NTPD參數(shù)文件（rac1，rac2）#vi /etc/sysconfig/ntpdSYNC_HWCLOCK=yesOPTIONS=-x -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid修改rac1的ntpd.conf文件，刪除原有內(nèi)容錄入以下內(nèi)容#cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak#vi /etc/ntp.confrestrict mask

22、 nomodifyserverfudge stratum 10restrict driftfile /var/lib/ntp/driftbroadcastdelay 0.008authenticate nokeys /etc/ntp/keys清空rac1的ntpservers原有內(nèi)容#cp /etc/ntp/ntpservers /etc/ntp/ntpservers.bak#vi /etc/ntp/ntpservers編輯rac1的step-tickers，添加一行#cp /etc/ntp/step-tickers /etc/ntp/step-tickers.bak#vi /etc/ntp/

23、step-tickers修改rac2的ntpd.conf文件，刪除原有內(nèi)容錄入以下內(nèi)容#cp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak#vi /etc/ntp.confrestrict mask nomodifyserverserver11fudge stratum 10driftfile /var/lib/ntp/driftbroadcastdelay 0.008authenticate nokeys /etc/ntp/keys清空rac2的ntpservers原有內(nèi)容#cp /etc/ntp/ntpservers /etc/ntp/ntpservers.bak#vi

24、/etc/ntp/ntpservers編輯rac2的step-tickers，添加一行#cp /etc/ntp/step-tickers /etc/ntp/step-tickers.bak#vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers11#rac1的ip地址rac1節(jié)點(diǎn)重啟NTPD服務(wù)#service ntpd restartrac2節(jié)點(diǎn)停止NTPD服務(wù)，rac1重啟NTPD服務(wù)后5、6分鐘再執(zhí)行#service ntpd stop#ntpdate rac1#service ntpd startNTPD啟用自動加載（rac1，rac2）#chkconfig ntpd on關(guān)閉服務(wù)關(guān)閉rac

25、1和rac2無用的sendmail和cups服務(wù)，加快開機(jī)速度。#chkconfig sendmail off#chkconfig cups off用戶、用戶組創(chuàng)建用戶和用戶組#groupadd -g 501 oinstall#groupadd -g 502 dba#groupadd -g 504 asmadmin#groupadd -g 506 asmdba#groupadd -g 507 asmoper#useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid#useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G d

26、ba,asmdba oracle#id oracle#id grid修改用戶密碼#passwd oracle#passwd grid文件夾及權(quán)限#mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/#mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/product/db_1#mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory#chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app#mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle#chmod -R 77

27、5 /u01修改系統(tǒng)參數(shù)修改rac1和rac2的limits.conf#vi /etc/security/limits.conf#ORACLE SETTINGgrid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536修改rac1和rac2的/etc/pam.d/login#vi /etc/pam.d/lo

28、gin#ORACLE SETTINGsession required pam_limits.so修改rac1和rac2的/etc/sysctl.conf#vi /etc/sysctl.conf#ORACLE SETTINGfs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.co

29、re.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586執(zhí)行命令(rac1、rac2)#sysctl -p修改rac1和rac2的profile，在末尾添加#vi /etc/profileif $USER = oracle | $USER = grid ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi

30、umask 022 fi執(zhí)行命令(rac1、rac2)#source /etc/profile修改rac1和rac2的/etc/csh.login#vi /etc/csh.loginif ( $USER = oracle | $USER = grid ) thenlimit maxproc 16384limit descriptors 65536endifEOFCSH修改grid用戶的環(huán)境變量#su - grid$cd /home/grid/$vi .bash_profileTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_SID=+AS

31、M1; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/product/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMENLS_DATE_FORMAT=yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS; export NLS_DATE_FORMATTHREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAGPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHTHREADS_FLAG=native; export

32、THREADS_FLAGPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHif $USER = oracle | $USER = grid ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi umask 022fi#su - grid$cd /home/grid/$vi .bash_profileTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_SID=+ASM2; expo

33、rt ORACLE_SIDORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/product/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMENLS_DATE_FORMAT=yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS; export NLS_DATE_FORMATTHREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAGPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHTHREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_

34、FLAGPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHif $USER = oracle | $USER = grid ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fi umask 022fi執(zhí)行命令(rac1、rac2)$source .bash_profile修改oracle用戶的環(huán)境變量#su - oracle$cd /home/oracle/$vi .bash_profile# Oracle Settings ora

35、cleTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=orcl1; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export

36、 PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATHNLS_DATE_FORMAT=yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS; export NLS_DATE_FORMATNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANGif $USER = oracle | $USER =

37、grid ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fiumask 022fi#su - grid$cd /home/grid/$vi .bash_profile# Oracle Settings oracleTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product

38、/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=orcl2; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_

39、HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATHNLS_DATE_FORMAT=yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS; export NLS_DATE_FORMATNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANGif $USER = oracle | $USER = grid ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fiumask 022fi執(zhí)行命令(rac1、rac2)$sou

40、rce .bash_profile配置用戶等效性使用Oracle用戶，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行#su - oracle$ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory /home/oracle/.ssh.Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identificat

41、ion has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:be:8b:34:fd:c9:34:a7:2f:d2:f7:d9:30:1f:2e:48:d6 oraclerac1$ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/oracle/.s

42、sh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:4f:bc:4b:9a:a6:cd:1c:15:e7:67:92:94:a2:cd:50:14 oraclerac1使用Oracle

43、用戶，在節(jié)點(diǎn)rac1執(zhí)行$cat /home/oracle/.ssh/*.pub /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys$ssh rac2 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/*.pub /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys $scp /home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:/home/oracle/.ssh/authorized_keys驗(yàn)證Oracle用戶等效性，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行$ssh rac2 date$ssh rac1 date$ssh rac2-vip date$ssh rac1-

44、vip date$ssh rac2-priv date$ssh rac1-priv dates使用grid用戶，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行#su - grid$ssh-keygen -t rsaGenerating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory /home/grid/.ssh.Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Y

45、our identification has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:39:1c:f5:9b:76:e1:de:20:40:e0:e8:20:77:fa:cd:97 gridrac1$ssh-keygen -t dsaGenerating public/private dsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/home/

46、grid/.ssh/id_dsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.Your public key has been saved in /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:08:a4:1b:87:89:fb:cd:93:3f:5d:f8:7b:f6:67:dd:4c gridrac1使用grid用

47、戶，在節(jié)點(diǎn)rac1執(zhí)行$ cat /home/grid/.ssh/*.pub /home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys$ssh rac2 cat /home/grid/.ssh/*.pub /home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys$scp /home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:/home/grid/.ssh/authorized_keys驗(yàn)證grid用戶等效性，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行$ssh rac2 date$ssh rac1 date$ssh rac2-vip date$ssh rac1-vip date$ssh ra

48、c2-priv date$ssh rac1-priv dates重啟rac1、rac2#reboot安裝ASM檢查系統(tǒng)及內(nèi)核版本#uname aLinux rac2 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:48 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux#lsb_release aLSBVersion: :core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-amd64:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarchDistribu

49、tor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServerDescription: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)Release: 5.4Codename: Tikanga下載與系統(tǒng)及內(nèi)核版本對應(yīng)的ASM下載地址：/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/index.html當(dāng)前版本：oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64orac

50、leasm-2.6.18-164.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.x86_64安裝asm包，按順序安裝#rpm -ivh -nodeps oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm#rpm -ivh -nodeps oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.x86_64.rpm#rpm -ivh -node

51、ps oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm#rpm -ivh -nodeps oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm#rpm -ivh -nodeps oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm#rpm -ivh -nodeps oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm初始化asmlib，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行#/usr/sbin/oracleasm

52、 configure -iConfiguring the Oracle ASM library driver. This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current valueswill be shown in brackets (). Hitting

53、without typing an answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort. Default user to own the driver interface : gridDefault group to own the driver interface : asmadminStart Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) n: yScan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) y: yWriting Oracle ASM library driver

54、 configuration: doneASMlib加載到內(nèi)核，在所有節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行#/usr/sbin/oracleasm init創(chuàng)建 asm 磁盤，在節(jié)點(diǎn)rac1執(zhí)行#/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOL1 /dev/sdb1#/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOL2 /dev/sdc1#/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOL3 /dev/sdd1#/usr/sbin/oracleasm createdisk DATA_VOL1 /dev/sde1#/usr/sbin/oracl

55、easm createdisk BACK_VOL1 /dev/sdf1rac2節(jié)點(diǎn)執(zhí)行#/usr/sbin/oracleasm scandisks#/usr/sbin/oracleasm listdisks安裝Oracle Grid安裝cvuqdisk(rac1，rac2)#export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall#rpm -ivh ./grid/rpm/cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm使用grid用戶，進(jìn)行oracle grid 安裝前檢查#su - grid$cd /Grid安裝目錄$./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1

56、,rac2 -fixup -verbose.檢查內(nèi)容略Pre-check for cluster services setup was successful.更改DISPLAY設(shè)置#su - root#xhost +#DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY#su - grid$xhost +更改SELinxu設(shè)置# system-config-securitylevel執(zhí)行安裝Grid#su - grid$./runInstaller安裝方式安裝類型產(chǎn)品語言集群信息節(jié)點(diǎn)信息指定網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口用法存儲選項(xiàng)信息創(chuàng)建ASM磁盤組指定ASM口令，使用統(tǒng)一口令：Nortek123故障隔離支持

57、角色分配指定安裝路徑創(chuàng)建產(chǎn)品清單安裝檢測安裝概要正在安裝以root用戶在rac1和rac2運(yùn)行腳本#chcon -t texrel_shlib_t /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/product/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1Oracle Cluster Verification Utility失敗可以忽略O(shè)racle Grid安裝完成確認(rèn)安裝成功$crs_stat -t -v配置ASM磁盤組啟動ASM磁盤組創(chuàng)建向?qū)Вc(diǎn)擊新建；#su -grid$asmca創(chuàng)建DATA磁盤組創(chuàng)建BACK磁盤組創(chuàng)建完成安裝Oracle11G啟動oracle安裝程序#su - or

58、acle$cd /oracle11G安裝目錄$./runInstaller &僅安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件選擇兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)添加簡體中文選擇企業(yè)版默認(rèn)安裝目錄默認(rèn)用戶分配安裝前檢查安裝概要執(zhí)行安裝用戶root在rac1和rac2執(zhí)行腳本Oracle軟件安裝成功創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建向?qū)?su - oracle$dbca創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝一般用途數(shù)據(jù)庫填寫數(shù)據(jù)庫名稱，選擇兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)使用默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)使用統(tǒng)一口令（orcl）選擇數(shù)據(jù)文件存儲路徑選擇+DATA輸入ASM口令（Nortek123）選擇歸檔模式，添加歸檔參數(shù)添加參數(shù)“+BACK/”使用默認(rèn)設(shè)置設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫參數(shù)SGA（注：SGA不可大于/dev/shm）選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫字符

59、集（utf8，根據(jù)需求）安裝概述點(diǎn)擊Finish設(shè)置完畢點(diǎn)擊OK，開始安裝正在安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建成功創(chuàng)建表空間#su - oracle$sqlplus sys/orclorcl as sysdbaSQL create tablespace imatrix datafile +DATA/orcl/imatrix.dbf size 100M autoextend on next 10M segment space management auto extent management local;創(chuàng)建用戶并指定默認(rèn)表空間SQL create user jwj identified by jwj defau

60、lt tablespace imatrix;用戶分權(quán)SQLgrant dba,connect,resource,create table,create session to jwj;日常維護(hù)RAC的啟停關(guān)閉crsctl stop cluster 停止本節(jié)點(diǎn)集群服務(wù)crsctl stop cluster all停止所有節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)啟動crsctl start cluster 停止本節(jié)點(diǎn)集群服務(wù)crsctl start cluster all停止所有節(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)RAC檢查運(yùn)行狀態(tài)crsctl check clusterDATABASE檢查實(shí)例狀態(tài)srvctl status database -d orcl