unit 1《friends》知識講解（牛津英語八年級上）doc-初中英語

1、 永久免費在線組卷 課件教案下載 無需注冊和點數(shù)PAGE 永久免費在線組卷 課件教案下載 無需注冊和點數(shù)牛津英語8AUnit 1 知識講解（2）重點講解His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks. 他的雙腿很長，放在桌子底下不舒服. fit動詞，過去式和過去分詞要雙寫t加ed，現(xiàn)在分詞也要雙寫t加ing. a作不及物動詞，意為“合適”“合身”。如： Your clothes 6t well你的衣服很合身。 The door fits badly這個門裝得不合適。 They dont 6t together它

2、們配不起來。 b作及物動詞，意為“適合”“裝上”。如： The coat doesnt fit me這件大衣我穿不合身。 The suit fitted her nicely.這身衣服以前很合她的身。 The key doesnt fit the lock這鑰匙不配這把鎖。 They fitted the doors with a lock他們在門上裝上了鎖。2. he often knocks over our books and pens.常常把我們的書和鋼筆撞落下去knock over意為“撞翻”“碰翻”，over用作副詞。如： Who knocked that bottle over?

3、 誰把瓶子撞翻了? He knocked over a cup of tea他碰翻一杯茶. Who knocked it over? 誰把它撞倒了? 注knock over常指“使往前倒”或“絆倒”之意。Knock down可指“打倒”“撞倒”“擊落”“拆除”等。如： I almost knocked him down 我差一點把他撞倒。 They knocked down an enemy plane 他們擊落一架敵機。 These old buildings will sooner u later be knocked down 這些舊房子遲早得拆掉。Knock (up) against

4、碰撞 同沖突3. I thought of my great friend May when I read your advertisement. 讀了你們的廣告后我想到了我的好朋友梅。 think of athink of意為“想到”。如： We often think of you我們常常想到你。 This made us think of our days at school這使我們想起求學的日子o He thinks of others more than himself他想到別人多于自己。 We have to think of away to help him 我們得想個辦法幫助他

5、。 b與what連用，意為“對的看法如何”。如： What do you think of the film? 你覺得這電影怎么樣? What did you think of his talk yesterday? 你覺得他昨天的報告怎么樣? 4. When something worries me, I can always go to her.當有什么事令我擔憂時，我總是能向她求助。go to her 向她求助5. say a bad word about sb意為“講某人的壞話”=speak ill of sb如： He is an man who never says a bad w

6、ord about anyone 他是一個從不說任何人壞話的人。 It is impolite to say a bad word about someone behind him 在別人背后講別人的壞話是不禮貌的。 注say a good word about sb意為“講某人的好話”；=speak well of sb 如： He often says a good word about you before me 他經(jīng)常在我面前講你的好話。 注 此短語中word一般不用復(fù)數(shù)。6. Help him fill in the blanks此句中的fill in意為“填寫”“填上”。如： Fi

7、ll in your name, please請?zhí)钌夏愕拿帧?Please fill in this form請你把這份表填一下。 Letfill in the hole in the wall咱們把墻上這個洞堵上。注fill inwith用“填”。如： Fill in the blanks with suitable words用適當?shù)脑~填空。7. Mr Zhou dropped got mixed up此句中的get mixed叩屬系動詞加表語結(jié)構(gòu)。其中g(shù)et可換be或become，意為“弄糊涂了”“搞亂”“卷入” “和攪在一起”。如： Im a11 mixed up我完全給弄糊涂了。

8、His ideas are all mixed up你的想法全亂了。 Im getting mixed up in my old age我有點兒老糊涂了。 How did you become mixed up in such affairs 你怎么會卷入，這種事情中去的呢? They advised me not to get mixed up with such people 他們建議我不要和這種人搞在一起。8. What are they saying ? say作及物動詞。試比較：say，tell，talk，speak。 atell及物動詞，通常用tell sbsth(雙賓語)，除開一

9、些名詞(a lie，story，the truth)之外. He told me the good news他告訴我那個好消息。 They told us useful information他們告訴我們有用的信息。 bsay作及物動詞。通常接一個賓語。 Please say it in English請用英語說。 He didnt say who told it to him 他沒說誰告訴他此事的。 ctalk不及物動詞，后接about，意為“談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)”。towith sb意為“與某人交談”。如： He talked with me about his studies 他和我談了他的學習情況

10、。 What are you talking about? 你們在談什么? dspeak通常作不可數(shù)名詞(當表示講語言時可作及物動詞，后接語言作speak的賓語。) He was too excited to speak.他激動得說不出話來。 Whom are you speaking to? 你在和誰說話? Can you speak English7你會講英語鴨?(及物動詞) 注speak to sb=talk to sb , speak about=talk about。9. Vote for the best friend其中vote for意為“投票”“投票贊成”。反義詞為vote

11、against。如： I1l vote foragainst you我投票選你不選你。We vote for /against your plan .我們投票贊成/反對你的計劃。I have reached the age to vote .我已到了法定選舉年齡。10. Can l have something to drink ? something，anything，nothing，everything是不定代詞 a作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Something has gone wrong with my watch 我的表壞了。 Nothing was left after th

12、e fire 火災(zāi)之后什么也沒留下。 Everything is ready 一切準備就緒。 bsomething用于肯定句，用于表示“請求”“邀請”或“建議”的問句。 如： He has something to tell you 他有事想告訴你。 Can you give me something to eat9 給點東西我吃，好嗎? Why not have something to drink? 為什么不喝點什么? canything用于否定勺或問句或whether，if引導的從句中。如： I didnt have anything to eat yesterday 昨天我沒吃任何東西

13、。 Do you have anything to tell me? 你有事要告訴我嗎? We cant do anything about讓對此事我們無能為力。 He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio他問收音機有沒有出毛病。 注 notanything：nothing almost nothing：hardly anything We didnt have anything to eat=We had nothing to eat我們沒有吃的東西了。 He ate almost nothing. =He hardly ate a

14、nything. 他幾乎什么也沒吃。 danything作主語時謂語一般用肯定式。如： I am very hungryAnything will do 我很餓，任何充饑都可以。 everything與否定詞連用時，意為“并非一切都”，表示部分否定。如： Everything that glitters is not gold發(fā)光的并非都是金子。11.What about some milk?(=Would you like some milk?)表示邀請、建議或詢問對方的意見。其中What可用How代替。如： What about something to drink? 喝點東西怎么樣? W

15、hat about going shopping? 去購物怎樣? What about the pizza in your bowl ? Maybe we can share訌 你碗里的比薩餅怎么樣?也許我們可以分享。 How about a party for your birthday? 給你的生日辦個宴會怎樣? 注about是介詞后接名詞、代詞的賓格，動詞的ing形式或代詞的賓格加ing形式。如： What about us going to see a film? 我們?nèi)タ措娪昂脝?12.Can l have some more food，too ?此句中的some more food

16、意為“再來一些食物”，其中some作副詞，修飾more表示數(shù)量或程度，在比較級前面可加一些數(shù)量詞來表示超過或少于的數(shù)量或程度。如：a little more a few moresome more some moremuch more +不可數(shù)名詞 many more any more（否定句/問句） any more （否定句/問句） +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)no more no more 基數(shù)詞+moreI have much more milk than he. 我的牛奶比他的牛奶多得多。He has many more friends than I 他的朋友比我的朋友多得多。She has no

17、 more money than you 她和你一樣沒錢。 My brother has two more books than I 我哥哥比我多兩本書。There is nothing else in the fridge.此句中的else可用在不定代詞后疑問句后面，意為“別的”“其它的”。如：Does anyone else want to SO there? 還有別的人想去那兒嗎?I have nothing else to do now現(xiàn)在我沒別的事要做。What else do you want? 你還要些什么?Is there anything else I Can do for

18、you? 還有別的事我可以為你效勞的嗎?13. Qualities of a good friend其中quality可作不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞，意為“品質(zhì)”或“質(zhì)量”。指人的品質(zhì)時是可數(shù)名詞，通常用復(fù)數(shù)；指物的質(zhì)量時，通常作不可數(shù)名詞。如： He is a man with many good qualities 他是一個有許多美德的人。 These goods are of high quality. 這些貨物質(zhì)量很高。 One of his good qualities is working hard 他的一個好品質(zhì)是勤勞。 We should keep the fine qualitie

19、s Of the working people 我們應(yīng)該保持勞動人民的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。 注 作定語時不用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Poor quality goods wont sell easily 劣質(zhì)品不易銷售。14.friendly是由名詞friend加后綴-ly構(gòu)成的形容詞，又如lovely可愛的， brotherly兄弟般的，motherly母親般的。形容詞作定語、表語。如： He gave me a friendly smile 他給了我一個友好的微笑。 She is friendly to others 她對人很友好。 What a lovely day it is today! 今天天氣真好!

20、politely是形容詞polite加1y構(gòu)成副詞。如clearly清楚地，secretly秘密地，honestly誠實地。副詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。如： We should speak politely to old people對長者我們說話要禮貌。 He came into the room secretly 他悄悄地進入房間。 Could you explain it clearly ? 你能把它解釋清楚嗎?15.good-looking屬復(fù)合形容詞，由形容詞加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。類似的還有 nice-looking好看的，bad-looking難看的，strange-looking樣子古怪

21、的，ordinary-looking相貌平常的。 She is a good-looking 8id=She is a girl who looks good 她是一個好看的女孩。 Our English teacher is an ordinary-looking man =Our English teacher is a man who looks ordinary. 我們的英語老師是一個相貌一般的人。 He lives in a strange-looking house =He lives in a house which looks strange 他住在一所樣子古怪的房子里。 注

22、復(fù)合形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語。15. 形容詞一般由名詞加一些后綴構(gòu)成。后綴有： 加y windy刮風的，cloudy多云的，snowy下雪的， rainy多雨的，hilly多小山的，sunny陽光燦爛的 加ful hopeful有希望的，harmful有害的，helpful有幫助的， careful小心的 加less homeless無家可歸的，hopeless無希望的， helpless無依無靠的，careless粗心的 加al musical音樂的，physical物理的 加ous famous有名的，poisonous有毒的 加ableible comfortable舒服的，unfor

23、gettable難忘的， terrible可怕的 加ly lovely可愛的，friendly友好的，orderly有秩序的 加some troublesome討厭的，tiresome令人厭倦的 注 動詞后+ ive或ative構(gòu)成形容詞 talkative健談的 protective保護的 attentive認真的 active活躍的16. Daniel wants to describeClub其中的describe sthto sb意為“向某人描述某物”，describeas意為“把說成”。如： I cant describe my joy to you with words 我無法用言

24、語向你描述我的快樂。 Can you describe it to me? 你能把它描述給我聽嗎? He describes himself as 9 doctor 他自稱是醫(yī)生。 People describe him as really clever 人們說他是真正的聰明。17.在英語中有些描述性形容詞。如： abeautiful，pretty通常只用于修飾女性，也可修飾物。beautiful意為“美麗的”“美觀的”強調(diào)天生的美。自然的美。如： a beautiful faceflowervoice美麗的面孔花朵嗓音 beautiful weathermusic悅?cè)说奶鞖庖魳?bprett

25、y意為“可愛的精致的”“漂亮的”“吸引人的”(并非華麗)，側(cè)重經(jīng)過人的加工而吸引人的精致或漂亮。如： a pretty girlgardenpicture漂亮的女郎花園圖畫 chandsome用于修飾男性，意為“英俊的”，用于修飾女性時意為“俊俏的”，側(cè)重指女性的體態(tài)。也可用于修飾物。如： He is S handsome fellow他是一個英俊的男子。 Would you describe that woman as handsome Or beautiful? 你覺得那女子是體態(tài)俊俏還是美麗? What a handsome old building it is! 多么美觀的一座古老的建

26、筑啊! d1ovely意為“可愛的動人的美麗的”(：beautifulpretty)“令人快樂的”。如： a lovely(=beautiful)view可愛的景色 a lovely(=pretty)woman美麗的女人 a lovely(=pleasant)holiday快樂的假期 esmart 意為“漂亮”“時髦的”“聰敏的”(=bright，well-dressed，fashionable，quick-minded) a smart(=pretty)hat漂亮的帽子 a smart(=fashionable)dress 時尚的衣服 a smart(=clever)student有頭腦的學

27、生 fgood-looking意為“好看的”，通常只指人，不指物，程度上不如beautiful和pretty那么強。如： Who is that good-looking boy? 那個好看的男孩是誰? Do you know that good-looking girl? 你認識那個長得好看的女孩嗎?18.outdoor 戶外的 反意詞為indoors“在戶內(nèi)”。如：outdoor sports戶外運動 an outdoor theatre露天劇場an outdoor life野外生活 go outdoors for training到野外進行訓練indoor gyms室內(nèi)體操 indoor

28、 exercise戶內(nèi)鍛煉keep indoors呆在家里 go indoors進屋stay outdoors on summer evenings夏日晚上呆在戶外19. I try my best to help themtry ones best后接to do sth，意為“盡力做某事(但不一定成功)”，與do ones best to do和try to do同義。best作賓語看作不可數(shù)名詞，不能加“s”如： I tried to pass the exam but failed 我盡力想通過考試但卻失敗了。 He will try his best to catch up with

29、his classmates 他將盡力趕上同班同學。 We1l do our best to complete the work in time 我們將盡最大努力按時完成工作。 They tried their best to make their mother happy. 他們盡量使他們的母親開心。 注 在這個短語中best不能加“s”，后接to do不接doing。例如表示“我們的隊員盡力想在比賽中打敗他們。”20. I hope toin the future句中in the future意為“在未來”，in the past 意為“在過去”，at present意為“在現(xiàn)在”，它們表

30、示不同的時間故與不同的時態(tài)連用。如： He says he will be a doctor in the future 他說他將來要當醫(yī)生。 He will join the army in the future 他長大后，將入伍。 My parents lived a hard life in the past 我父母過去過著一個艱苦的生活。21. What is he like?此句型用來問一個人的外表(appearance)或品質(zhì)(character)。如： “What is sb like?”He is tall and thin” “他長得怎樣?”“又高又瘦?！?“What it

31、your sister like?”“She is beautiful and polite” “你姐姐是怎樣的一個人?”“她美麗而有禮貌?！?“What is your English teacher like?”He is strict with us but helpful tO us” “你們的英語老師怎樣?”“他對我們要求嚴格但是對我們很有幫助?！?注 What is sb?意為“某人干什么工作的?”用來問職業(yè)。How is sb?意為“某人身體怎么樣?”，用來問身體情況。如： “What is your father ?He is a driver” “你父親是干什么工作的?”“是

32、司機?！?“How is your mother?”“She enjoys good health” “你母親身體如何?”“很好?！?2.Whos the girl next to Peter?中的next to意為“緊靠”(：beside)或“僅次于”“幾乎”Next to the cinema is a bookstore電影院的旁邊是一家書店。He sits next to me他坐在我的旁邊。Which is the largest city next to Beijing? 哪個城市在規(guī)模上僅次于北京? He has eaten next to nothing. 他幾乎什么也沒吃。注

33、 next也可作介詞，如： Sit next him坐在他旁邊。 wear a shirt next ones skin貼身穿襯衫23.I am very unhappywith my new school此句中have some problems with意為“在某方面有困難”，其中problems可換成difficulties。have some problems with(in)doing sth意為“在學做某事中有問題”，其中problems可換成difficultytrouble。如： Do you have any problems with your English? 你英語方面

34、有問題嗎? Do you have any difficultytrouble(in)studying English? 你學英語中有困難嗎?注 problem和question problem意為“需要對付或處理的問題”或“理科中的難題”。question意為“需要回答的問題需要討論或考慮的問題”或“疑問”。 solve a problem解決問題 social problems社會問題 a maths problem一道數(shù)學難題 “Can you finish the work today? No problem” “今天你能完成作業(yè)嗎?”“沒問題。” ask sba question 問

35、某人一個問題 a question of time時間問題 answer my question回答我的問題 There is no question about his honesty. 他的誠實是毫無疑問的。24.“I missvery much”中miss意為“想念”。miss作及物動詞意為“想 念，錯過”等。 amiss作及物動詞，意為“想念”。如： How l miss my parents! 我好想念我的父母啊! We are missing you very much我們非常想念你。 I miss you terribly我非常惦記你。 bmiss作及物動詞，意為“錯過誤(車)”

36、“未擊中”。后接名詞或名詞(doing)，不能接動詞不定式。如： He got up late this morning and missed his usual bus 他今天早上晚起，沒趕上他通常乘坐的那班汽車。 I missed my footing and felt down 我踏空摔了下來。 She missed seeing the film 她錯過了那場電影。 I am sorry to miss the chance錯過那個機會我感到很難過。 cmissing意為“丟失的”“缺席的”。如： a book with some pages missing一本缺了幾頁的書 a mis

37、sing child丟失的孩子 a missing bike丟失的自行車 missing lessons缺的課25.I hopesome advice此句中的advice意為“勸告”“忠告”，作不可數(shù)名詞，apiece of advice一條忠言，Up也可作“告誡”“指示”解釋，作可數(shù)名詞。suggestion也作“建議”解釋，作可數(shù)名詞。如： Please take my advicemy Up and dont run the risk 聽我的告誡別冒這個險。 He gave me the tip to make friends He gave me some advice on maki

38、ng friends他給我一些交友的建議。 They are some tips for making e-friends這兒有關(guān)于交網(wǎng)友的幾條建議。 They made some suggestions at the meeting. 在會議上他們提出了一些建議。advice可組成下列短語： ask for sbs advice征求某人的意見 give advice提出勸告 follow ones advice遵照某人的囑咐 take ones advice聽取某人的勸告 do sth byon ones advice按某人的勸告做某鞏固練習I單項選擇 1.Is he going to th

39、e cinema?_. AYesI think so BNo，I dont think CNo I dont think DI think not 2.All the students are busy_the test Apreparing B. preparing for Cdoing Dfinding 3.I feel_every time l think of the traffic accident Afrightful Bfrightening Cfrightened Dfright 4.The film was so_that 1 was_when l saw讓 Afrighte

40、ning， frightened Bfrightened， frightening Cfrightened，frightful Dfrightening，frightful 5.This is_interesting work We really enjoy it. Aa Ban C Dthe 6.The sign_，“NO Parking” Aread Bwas reading Cwas read Dhad read 7. _your coat at onceWe must hurry AWear BWearing CPut on DPutting on 8.Having too much

41、soft drink is bad for your_. Ahealthy Bhealth Chealthily Dwell 9.The twins are much_. Asimilar Blike Calike Dmore like 10.Please do it _ I show you Alike Bas Cfor Dalike.翻譯下列詞組 1.看報紙_ 2.與某人共事_ 3.準備晚飯 _ 4.考慮_ 5.征求某人的意見_ 6.緊靠_ 7.在未來_ 8.盡力干某事_ 9.交朋友 _ 10.投票_用動詞適當形式填空 1.What_they_ (do)last night? 2.Are

42、you good at_ (swim)? 3. _ (not be) 1ate again， 九m1 4.Myparents_ (clean)the car now 5.Lucy sometimes_ (watch)TV at home on Sundays 6.What are yon going to do? How about_ (have)a walk? 7.Im going to play football Would you like_ (come)，too? 8.We _ (not have)any classes next week完型填空 Mr Smith lived in a village far away _1_ a town One day he fell very ill and everyone _2_ he would die They sent for a doctorThe doctor _3_ and looked at the man closely The doctor asked for a