科技英語(yǔ)基本詞匯

1、附錄四科技英語(yǔ)基本詞匯數(shù)學(xué)absolutevalue絕對(duì)值acuteangle銳角aggregate集合algebra代數(shù)；代數(shù)學(xué)algorithm算法analysis分析analysisofvariance方差分析analyticfunction分析函數(shù)；解析函數(shù)analyticgeometry分析幾何analyticnumbertheory分析數(shù)論angle角angular角的area面積arithmetic算術(shù)axiomaticsettheory公理集合論calculusoffinitedifference有限差演算calculusofvariations變分法cardinalnumbe

2、r基數(shù)category范疇centrallimittheorem中心極限定理circle圓circularpointsatinfinity圓點(diǎn)classfieldtheory類域論classicalgroup典型群commonfactor公因數(shù)complexfunction復(fù)變函數(shù)complexnumber復(fù)數(shù)cone圓錐體congruence同余conjugatefunction共軛函數(shù)constant常數(shù)convolution卷積coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系correlationanalysis相關(guān)分析curve曲線curveofseconddegree二次曲線cylinder圓

3、柱體dataanlysis數(shù)據(jù)分析decimal小數(shù)decisionanalysis決策分析denominator分母derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)determinant行列式developablesurface可展曲面differential微分differentialandintegralcalculus微積分學(xué)differentialcalculus微分學(xué)differentialcoefficient導(dǎo)數(shù)differentialtopology微分拓?fù)鋵W(xué)dimension維數(shù)divisibility整除elementaryfunction初等函數(shù)eliminationmethod消元法elli

4、pse橢圓ellipticfunction橢圓函數(shù)entropy熵iA/requalsign等號(hào)equation等式；方程式error誤差evennumber偶數(shù)extractroots開(kāi)方；求根extremum極值field域figure圖形finitefield有限域formula(pl.formulae)公式function函數(shù)functional泛函數(shù)fuzzylogic模糊邏輯gametheory博弈論generalizedinversematrix廣義逆矩陣geometry幾何學(xué)goldensection黃金分割harmonicfunction調(diào)和函數(shù)hyperbola雙曲線imp

5、roperintegral廣義積分incenter內(nèi)心indeterminate不定方程inequality不等式infinitesimal無(wú)窮小infinity無(wú)窮大integral積分integralcalculus積分學(xué)integralequation積分方程integration積分法intervalanalysis區(qū)間分析limit極限linear線性的；一次的linearalgebra線性代數(shù)linearoperator線性算子linesegment線段logicalcalculus邏輯演算mapping映射matrix矩陣maximumfunction極大函數(shù)minimalsur

6、face極小曲面minus減去；負(fù)號(hào)modellogic模態(tài)邏輯moment矩nomogram算圖normaldistribution正態(tài)分布numerator分子numericalanalysis數(shù)值分析obtuseangle鈍角oddnumber奇數(shù)optimization最優(yōu)化optimizationmethod優(yōu)選學(xué)origin原點(diǎn)parabola拋物線paradox悖論parallel平行；平行線parallelalgorithm并行算法parallelogram平行四邊形parameter參數(shù)parity奇偶性partialderivative偏導(dǎo)數(shù)perpendicularbis

7、ector中垂線plane平面polygon多邊形polyhedron多面體polynomial多項(xiàng)式positivesign正號(hào)power冪probability概率quadratic二次的radicalsign根號(hào)randomvariable隨機(jī)變量realnumber實(shí)數(shù)rectangle長(zhǎng)方形；矩形recursiontheory遞歸論rightangle直角rotundity圓形semicircle半圓形series級(jí)數(shù)set集；集合side邊simpleequation次方程式sphere球體；球面square正方形；平方；直角尺straightline直線supplementary

8、互補(bǔ)surface曲面symmetry對(duì)稱taper圓錐（形）trapezoid/trapezium梯形triangle三角形trigonometry三角學(xué)unknown（未知）元；未知數(shù)variable變量variance變方差vector向量volume體積物理absolutezero絕對(duì)零度absorption吸收acceleration加速；加速度acoustics聲學(xué)activator激活劑alkaline堿的；堿性的alloy合金alternatingcurrent（AC）交流電ampere安培ampere-meter安培計(jì)annealing退火antiparticle反粒子ato

9、m原子atomic原子的atomicbeam原子束atmosphere大氣層beamsplitter分光膜boson玻色子calorie卡calorimetry量熱術(shù)cell電池Celsiustemperature攝氏溫度centripetalforce向心力centreofgravity重心centreofmass質(zhì)心centrifugalforce離心力charge電荷coating涂層；覆蓋collision碰撞collider對(duì)撞機(jī)compass指南針conservationofenergy能量守恒constraint約束continuum連續(xù)體；連續(xù)介質(zhì)convex凸起的cosmic

10、ray宇宙射線coulomb庫(kù)倫coupling耦合criticalstate臨界狀態(tài)crosssection截面crystal晶體crystallization結(jié)晶crystallography晶體學(xué)cyclotron回旋加速器damping阻尼decay衰變diamagnetism抗磁性dielectrics電介質(zhì)；絕緣體diffraction衍射diffusion擴(kuò)散directcurrent(DC)直流電discharge放電dislocation位錯(cuò)dispersion色散displacement位移distortion畸變divergence發(fā)散Dopplereffect多普勒效應(yīng)

11、drag阻力drift漂移dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)eddycurrent渦電流elasticforce彈性力elasticity彈性力學(xué)electromagnetic電磁的electret駐極體electriccircuits電路electriccurrent電流electricfield電場(chǎng)electricity電學(xué)electricpolarization電極化electricpotential電位electricpower電功率electroacoustics電聲學(xué)electrocaloriceffect電熱效應(yīng)electrolytic電解的electromagnetic電磁的electro

12、magneticinduction電磁感應(yīng)electromagneticradiation電磁輻射electromagneticshielding電磁屏蔽electromagneticwave電磁波electromagnetism電磁學(xué)electron電子electroscope驗(yàn)電器electrostaticfield靜電場(chǎng)elementaryparticle基本粒子energy能量enthalpy焓；熱函entropy熵exciton激子；激發(fā)子farad法拉ferroelectricity鐵電性fiberoptics纖維光學(xué)firstcosmicvelocity第一宇宙速度f(wàn)ission

13、裂變fluctuation波動(dòng)fluidmechanics流體力學(xué)fluorescence熒光；熒光性force力freenergy自由能friction摩擦fusion聚合galvanometer電流計(jì)gaseousdischarge氣體放電generator發(fā)電機(jī)；發(fā)生器gluon膠子grating光柵gravitationalinteraction引力相互作用graviton引力子gravitywve重力波hadron強(qiáng)子heattransfer熱傳遞heavylepton重輕子helium氦holography全息攝影術(shù)humidity濕度hydrogen氫hyperon超子impul

14、se沖量incandescentlamp白熾燈inductance電感inertia慣性inertialforce慣性力infraredray紅外線insulator絕緣體ion離子ionic離子的ionize電離；使離子化isotope同位素jet噴注joule焦耳kineticenergy動(dòng)能laser激光latentheat潛熱lever杠桿lens透鏡magnet磁體；磁鐵magneticfield磁場(chǎng)magnetics磁學(xué)magnetization磁化（強(qiáng)度）mass質(zhì)量meson介子microscope顯微鏡molecule分子moment力矩momentum動(dòng)量multimete

15、r萬(wàn)用（電）表neucleon核子neucleus原子核neutrino中微子neutron中子nuclide核素ohm歐姆ohmmeter歐姆計(jì)optics光學(xué)ozone臭氧層parity宇稱phase相phosphor熒光粉photon光子plasma等離子體pulley滑輪pyrometer高溫計(jì)quark夸克quartz石英quenching淬火reactingforce反作用力radar雷達(dá)radiation輻射radioactivity輻射性raodiocarbondating碳定年recoil反沖reflection反射resistance電阻resonance共振（態(tài)）reve

16、rberation混響rolling軋制screw螺旋semi-conductor半導(dǎo)體shockwave激波；沖擊波soild固體sonar聲吶spectrum光譜spin自旋stress應(yīng)力superconductivity超導(dǎo)電性swing振幅synchronizer同步裝置telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡temperature溫度tension張力transistor晶體管ultrasonic超聲的ultravioletray紫外線universalgravitation萬(wàn)有引力uranium鈾vacuum真空velocity速度vibration振動(dòng)viscosity粘性急volt伏特vol

17、tage電壓voltmeter伏特計(jì)vortex渦旋weld焊接work功XrayX射線化學(xué)acid酸absorbate吸附質(zhì)aerosol氣溶膠alkali堿alkaline堿（性）的aminoacid氨基酸anode陽(yáng)極base堿boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)bubblepoint泡點(diǎn)calorimetricentropy量熱熵capillarity毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象carbonification碳化作用catalyst催化劑cathode陰極chemicalaffinity化學(xué)親合勢(shì)chemicalpotential化學(xué)勢(shì)clone克?。o(wú)性系繁殖）compound化合物compositereact

18、ion復(fù)合反應(yīng)condensationincapillary毛細(xì)管凝結(jié)condensedstate凝聚態(tài)conductivity電導(dǎo)率conductance電導(dǎo)consecutivereaction連串反應(yīng)coulometer電量計(jì)；庫(kù)倫計(jì)criticalparameter臨界參數(shù)cyclicprocess循環(huán)過(guò)程decompositionvoltage分解電壓demulsification膠凝作用dewpoint露點(diǎn)dispersionphase分散相electrodepotential電極電勢(shì)electrolyticcell電解池electromotiveforce電動(dòng)勢(shì)electroph

19、oresis電泳embryo胚胎energylevel能級(jí)entropy熵enzyme酶equilibriumstate平衡態(tài)ethane乙烷ethanol乙醇eutecticpoint低共熔點(diǎn)excesspressure附加壓力extensiveproperty廣延性質(zhì)ferment發(fā)酵；酵素freezingpoint凝固點(diǎn)gelatin凝膠gene基因genome基因組halfcell半電池heatofdissociation離解熱heatofneutralization中和熱heatpump熱泵ionicstrength離子強(qiáng)度internalenergy內(nèi)能intermolecular

20、force分子間力latentheat潛熱macromolecularsolution高分子溶液mechanicalequivalentofheat熱功當(dāng)量metabolism新陳代謝methane甲烷microstate微態(tài)moleculardistillation分子蒸餾negativepole負(fù)極negativeadsorption負(fù)吸附overheatedliquid過(guò)熱液體oxidation氧化（作用）oxidation-reduction氧化還原partialpressure分壓pascal帕斯卡phasechange相變photoreaction光反應(yīng)photosensitize

21、dreaction光敏反應(yīng)photosynthesis光合作用polarization極化作用polyelectrolyte聚（合）電解質(zhì)polyethylene聚乙烯polymer聚合物rectify精餾reducedtemperature對(duì)比溫度relativeviscosity相對(duì)粘度relativevolatility相對(duì)揮發(fā)度reversibleprocess可逆過(guò)程saltingout鹽析saturatedvapor飽和蒸氣sedimentation沉降solidphaseline固相線solidsolution固態(tài)混合物solution溶液straightchainreactio

22、ns單鏈反應(yīng)surfaceexcess表面吸附量thermodynamics熱力學(xué)transgenic轉(zhuǎn)基因的triplepoint三相點(diǎn)unimolecularreaction單分子反應(yīng)vaporization氣化workcontent功函yield產(chǎn)率計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)accessarm磁頭臂；存取臂accesstime存取時(shí)間adder加法器address地址alphanumeric字母數(shù)字的analogcomputer模擬計(jì)算機(jī)analyst分析員area區(qū)域array數(shù)組；陣列ASCII美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼assembler匯編程序audio音頻band區(qū)bandwidth帶寬batchpro

23、cessing成批處理BBS電子布告欄系統(tǒng)binarycode二進(jìn)制碼binarydigit二進(jìn)制位；二進(jìn)制數(shù)字bit比特,二進(jìn)制的一位branch分支,支線browser瀏覽器brush電刷bufferstorage緩沖存儲(chǔ)器byte字節(jié)calculator計(jì)算器callinstruction呼叫指令cancel取消cardpunch卡片穿孔機(jī)cardreader卡片閱讀機(jī)；讀卡機(jī)cell單元channel通道；信道character字符checkdigit校驗(yàn)數(shù)位chip芯片circuit電路；線路click點(diǎn)擊clear清除；清零clock時(shí)鐘code代碼；編碼coder編碼員；編碼器c

24、ommand指令；命令compactdisk(CD)光盤(pán)compatible兼容的compatibility兼容性compiler編譯程序computerlanguage計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言controlunit控制器corestorage,corestore磁心存儲(chǔ)器counter計(jì)數(shù)器CPU中央處理器cybernetics控制論cycle循環(huán)cursor光標(biāo)data數(shù)據(jù)dataprocessing數(shù)據(jù)處理debugging調(diào)試decision制定delete刪除desktop桌面display顯示屏dialogbox對(duì)話框digit數(shù)字,數(shù)位,位digitalcomputer數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)disc,di

25、sk磁盤(pán)displayunit顯示裝置driver驅(qū)動(dòng)器drop-downmenu下拉菜單edit編輯EMSmemory內(nèi)存encode編碼erase擦除；清洗；抹除feed饋送；供給feedback反饋field字段；信息組，域file文件firewall防火墻floppydisk軟盤(pán)flushleft左對(duì)齊folder文件夾font字體format格式frame幀hacker黑客harddisk硬盤(pán)help幫助highlight突出顯示icon圖標(biāo)identifier標(biāo)識(shí)符index索引information信息inlineprocessing內(nèi)處理input輸入inquiry詢問(wèn)inse

26、rt插入interactive交互式instruction指令item項(xiàng)目；項(xiàng)jump轉(zhuǎn)移key鍵,關(guān)鍵碼keyboard鍵盤(pán)latencytime等待時(shí)間library庫(kù)，程序庫(kù)linkage連接linespacingsingle單倍行距l(xiāng)oad裝入；寄存；寫(xiě)入；加載location存儲(chǔ)單元logger登記器，記錄器login/on注冊(cè)；登錄loop循環(huán)machinelanguage機(jī)器語(yǔ)言magneticstorage磁存儲(chǔ)器magnetictape磁帶mainframe主機(jī)matrix矩陣TfcZ-kRi?memory存儲(chǔ)器menu菜單message信息；報(bào)文microcomputer微

27、型計(jì)算機(jī)module組件；模塊modify修改monitor監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)督程序；管程motherboard主板mouse鼠標(biāo)multimedia多媒體nanosecond毫微秒network網(wǎng)絡(luò)；網(wǎng)numeric,numerical數(shù)字的；數(shù)值的octet八位位組；八位字節(jié)operator操作員opticalcharacterreader光符閱讀機(jī)opticalscanner光掃描器output輸出overflow溢出；上溢panel平板parameter參數(shù)；參量perforator穿孔機(jī)peripheralequipment外圍設(shè)備；外部設(shè)備personalcomputer個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)prin

28、tedcircuit印制電路printer打印機(jī)printout打印輸出process處理processor微處理器processingunit處理部件program程序program程序編制programmer程序設(shè)計(jì)員programming程序設(shè)計(jì)；程序編制punch穿孔punch穿孔punchedcard,punchcard穿孔卡片punchhole孔；穿孔punchedtape,punchtape穿孔紙帶randomaccess隨機(jī)存取read讀取reader閱讀程序reading閱讀read-onlyfile只讀文件realtime實(shí)時(shí)record,register記錄redunda

29、ncy冗余right-click右擊routine例行程序selector選擇器，選擇符sentinel標(biāo)記sequence序列，順序sequential順序的serial串行的；連續(xù)的server服務(wù)器shift移位，移數(shù)signal信號(hào)simulation模擬simulator模擬器；模擬程序software軟件；軟設(shè)備sort分類,排序sorter分類人員；分類機(jī)；分類程序；排序程序soundbox音箱storage存儲(chǔ)器store存儲(chǔ)subroutine,subprogram子程序switch開(kāi)關(guān)symbol符號(hào)symboliclanguage符號(hào)語(yǔ)言system系統(tǒng)table表格ta

30、bulator制表機(jī)teleprinter電傳打字機(jī)terminal終端terminalunit終端設(shè)備timer時(shí)鐘；精密計(jì)時(shí)器timesharing分時(shí)timing定時(shí)toolbar工具按鈕track磁道transducer傳感器；翻譯機(jī)translator翻譯程序：翻譯器tools工具update使更新view視圖virus病毒visual視頻window窗口經(jīng)貿(mào)acceptance承兌acquisition收購(gòu)advaloremduty從價(jià)稅after-salesservice售后服務(wù)amortization分期償還（欠款本息）anti-dumping反傾銷appreciation升值

31、arbitration仲裁assessment估價(jià)auction拍賣auditing審計(jì)average海損baddebt呆帳bailout財(cái)政援助balanceofpayment國(guó)際收支差額balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表bankcredit銀行信貸bankrupt破產(chǎn)barchart柱形圖barcode條形碼bargain討價(jià)還價(jià)benchmark基準(zhǔn)beneficiary受益人billofentry報(bào)關(guān)單billofexchange匯票billoflading提單bluechip藍(lán)籌股board董事會(huì)bondedwarehouse保稅倉(cāng)庫(kù)bonus紅利brainstorming集思廣益b

32、randloyalty品牌忠誠(chéng)度break-evenpoint收支相抵點(diǎn)broker經(jīng)紀(jì)人budget預(yù)算bulkgoods散裝貨byproduct副產(chǎn)品telegraphictransfer電匯capitalgains資本收益capitalstock股本carriage運(yùn)費(fèi)certificateoforigin原產(chǎn)地證明chamberofcommerce商會(huì)claim索賠commission傭金consignee收貨人consumerdurables耐用消費(fèi)品customize定制dealer經(jīng)銷商debitcard借記卡decision-making決策declarationofincom

33、e收入申報(bào)deficit赤字deflation通貨緊縮deliverynote交貨單differentiation產(chǎn)品差異化distribution分銷diversification經(jīng)營(yíng)多樣化DowJonesIndustrialAverage道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)downpayment首付；定金economicindicator經(jīng)濟(jì)指數(shù)endorsement背書(shū)enquiry尋盤(pán)exchangecontrol外匯管制facevalue面值floatingrate浮動(dòng)匯率foreignexchange外匯franchise特許經(jīng)營(yíng)freelance自由職業(yè)者freeonboard離岸價(jià)futures

34、market期貨市場(chǎng)grossdomestic/nationalproduct國(guó)內(nèi)/國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值hedging套期保值idlemoney閑置資金importlicence進(jìn)口許可證industrialtribunal勞資仲裁庭inflation通貨膨脹infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施insurancepolicy保險(xiǎn)單interestrate利率investmenttrust投資信托公司jointventure合資公司legalexpense訴訟費(fèi)用letterofcredit信用證liquidation清算managementbuyout管理層夠入全部股權(quán)marginalcost邊際成本

35、marineinsurance海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)marketingmix營(yíng)銷組合marketsegmentation市場(chǎng)細(xì)分merger合并mortgage抵押貸款netassetvalue凈資產(chǎn)值offer報(bào)盤(pán)off-season淡季的option期權(quán)order定單overdraft透支overhead經(jīng)常費(fèi)用patent專利payoff回報(bào)，贏利performance業(yè)績(jī)pricediscrimination價(jià)格歧視portfolio投資組合productlifecycle產(chǎn)品生命周期promotion促銷publicrelations公共關(guān)系quotation報(bào)價(jià)rateofreturns收益率r

36、ationalization合理化改革realestate房地產(chǎn)refund退款retailprice零售價(jià)securities證券stockexchange股票交易所subsidy補(bǔ)貼surplus過(guò)剩tariff關(guān)稅tradedeficit貿(mào)易赤字transactionsvelocityofcirculation貨幣流通速度underwriter承保人valueaddedtax增值稅醫(yī)學(xué)albomycin白霉素allergen過(guò)敏原allergy過(guò)敏allergicreaction過(guò)敏反應(yīng)allergicrhinitis過(guò)敏性鼻炎anaphylacticshock過(guò)敏性休克anatomy解

37、剖學(xué)anemia貧血anorexia厭食癥apoplexy中風(fēng)arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎beriberi腳氣病bloodpressure血壓bloodtest驗(yàn)血bloodtypeAA血型；A型血brainwave腦波bronchitis支氣管炎cancer癌癥cerebralapoplexy腦溢血cholera霍亂circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)clinic診所colorblindness色盲commoncold感冒computerizedtomographyCT掃描contraceptive避孕用具cough咳嗽dentin牙質(zhì)dentist牙科醫(yī)生dermatologist皮膚科醫(yī)生detoxification解毒作用diabetes糖尿病dialysis透析diarrhea痢疾dissection解剖eardrum/tympanicmembrane鼓膜electrocardiogram(ECG)心電圖