重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)12月第四次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試試題含解析

1、重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)12月第四次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試試題含解析重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)12月第四次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試試題含解析PAGE PAGE 41重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)12月第四次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試試題含解析重慶市南開中學(xué)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)12月第四次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試試題（含解析)第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一

2、小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1Where are the girls shoes now?AIn the garage. BIn the cupboard。 CBy the back door。2What is the woman going to do on Sunday？AGo to the beach with the man.BHave a dinner with her family。CReceive some guests at home.3How much will the woman pay for the skirt？A 35. B 30。 C 20.4Who is the ma

3、n most likely to be?AA dressmaker. BA shop assistant。 CA dress designer。5Why was the plane late?AOne engine needed repairing。 BSomeone was badly ill. CThe weather was bad.第二節(jié)（共15小題）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、

4、7題.6Where will the boy meet Ben？AAt the youth club. BAt the library. CIn the park。7What will the boy do first？APlay table tennis. BWork on the bike。 CGo to the library.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題.8What is the conversation mainly about？AA dinner plan. BA nice restaurant。 CA delicious dish.9What will the speakers

5、probably do next？ASurf the Internet。 BOrder some food。 CMake a phone call.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10When can the listeners hear the program?AAt 2：00。 BAt 3：00。 CAt 4:00.11What does the man mainly talk about？AA rocket。 BA journey. CAn engine.12What can the listeners hear next?AThe woman will interview Dr。 G

6、reen.BDr。 Green will tell us a special rocket。CA scientist will explain how the scramjet engine works.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13How far is the nearest store away from the Clunes？A6 kilometers。 B16 kilometers. C60 kilometers.14Why did the mother find it difficult to live？AThe weather there was so toughBShe

7、missed her friends in the city.CShe had to do housework with hands.15What did the children need to do？ALook after the animals。 BClean the house。 CBuild the house。16What is the childrens change after the experience？AThey begin to do housework at weekends.BThey realize what is important to them。CThey

8、think modern life is so boring.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17Where does the speaker come from?ACanada. BEngland. CThailand。18How does the speaker view the English lessons in schools？AThey are not special. BThey are not enough. CThey are not interesting。19In what way are the speakers English programs different

9、？AThey are designed in various styles.BThey are broadcast live every day.CThey are based on the computer.20What does the speaker expect people to do?AAttend their English classes。BPractice their English every day。CWatch English movies and TV shows。第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（共15小題）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D)中,

10、選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWomen Whose Inventions Changed LifeRachel Zimmerman-Blissymbol Printer （1984）At the age of 12, Zimmerman invented the Blissymbol Printer, which helps people with physical disabilities communicate via symbols that get translated into written language. What began as a project for a

11、school science fair ended up competing at the World Exhibition of Achievement of Young Inventors。 Zimmerman now works at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory， where she develops innovations combining space technology and assistive intelligence。Olga D。 Gonzalez-SanabriaLong CycleLife Nickel-Hydrogen Batter

12、ies （1987）Director of the Systems Management Office and the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center， Gonzalez-Sanabria played a critical role in the development of the Long Cycle-Life NickelHydrogen Batteries” which help enable the International Space Station power system. She has sin

13、ce won the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal。Ann TsukamotoStem Cell Isolation （分離) (1991)Tsukamoto and her colleagues were the first scientists to identify and isolate bloodforming stem cells。 Patented in 1991-the first of 12 patents related to her research-Tsu

14、kamoto has furthered her research and thanks to her， bone marrow transplants (骨髓移植) have saved the lives of thousands of people battling blood cancer。Donna StricklandChirped Pulse Amplification (2018）The third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, Strickland, along with Dr. Gerard Mourou of Franc

15、e， has significantly advanced the science of lasers (激光）。 They developed a technology for creating short， powerful laser pulses。 The technique， called Chirped Pulse Amplification， has been used in corrective eye surgeries.1。 What can we know about the invention developed in 1987？A。 It is the invento

16、rs first of 12 patents.B。 It is used in the International Space Station。C. It can translate symbols into written languages.D. It connects space technology with assistive intelligence。2. Whose invention inspired a cure for blood cancer?A. Ann Tsukamotos.B. Donna Stricklands。C。 Rachel Zimmermans。D。 Ol

17、ga D. Gonzalez-Sanabrias。3。 Which invention may benefit those with poor eyesight？A. Blissymbol Printer。B. Stem Cell Isolation。C. Chirped Pulse Amplification.D。 Long Cyclelife NickelHydrogen Batteries?！敬鸢浮?。 B 2. A 3。 C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四位女性的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造改變了我們的生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Director of the Systems

18、Management Office and the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center, Gonzalez-Sanabria played a critical role in the development of the Long CycleLife Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries which help enable the International Space Station power system.( Gonzalez-Sanabria是系統(tǒng)管理辦公室主任，也是美國(guó)宇航局格倫研究中心級(jí)別最高

19、的西班牙裔，她在“長(zhǎng)周期鎳氫電池”的開發(fā)中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用，這有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際空間站的電力系統(tǒng).）”可知，Gonzalez-Sanabria的發(fā)明被用于國(guó)際空間站。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Patented in 1991-the first of 12 patents related to her research-Tsukamoto has furthered her research and thanks to her, bone marrow transplants (骨髓移植) have saved the lives of thousands of people

20、battling blood cancer。（ Tsukamoto于1991年獲得專利她的研究涉及12項(xiàng)專利中的第一項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)了她的研究，由于她的努力，骨髓移植挽救了成千上萬(wàn)與血癌抗?fàn)幍娜说纳?。）”可知，Ann Tsukamoto發(fā)明有助于治療血癌.故選A.【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第四段“The technique, called Chirped Pulse Amplification, has been used in corrective eye surgeries.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被稱為啁啾脈沖放大技術(shù),已被用于眼科矯正手術(shù).)”可知,啁啾脈沖放大技術(shù)可以使視力不好的人受益。故選C

21、。BSeveral years ago， Chris Williams was driving home on a Wednesday night in Conroe， Texas, just like he always did。 “It was dark and raining hard, and I could barely make out two people walking on the road,” he recalled。 Born and raised in Louisiana， Williams often watched his father go out of his

22、way to help people in trouble. So he did something his dad would have done. He asked the two women if they needed a ride.They jumped in， and Williams learned why they were walking。 Their truck had been in the repair shop for nearly three months。 “I asked the woman who owned the truck why it was in t

23、he shop so long, and the woman hung her head and told me， I cant afford to fix it,” Williams continued.Williams had always dreamed of opening his own auto repair garage that would help women in need. “Right then and there, I decided I needed to figure out a way to get my dream of opening a free gara

24、ge off the ground，” he said。As a father of two girls， Williams had a calling to help single moms， widows and military wives。 Williams borrowed money and asked people he knew for donations to start his new career, and several months later， he opened The Garage， a nonprofit that repairs vehicles for w

25、omen in needat no cost. The organization gives renewed vehicles away, too.Williams understood the economic difficulty being carless can cause， and how his nonprofit could help. “Car repairs can be expensive， and where I live, its very rural?！?Williams explained. “So if you dont have a car， you cant

26、get a job。 And if you dont have a job， you cant buy a car。 Its a cruel dilemma?！盩he Garage ended that dilemma for a whole lot of women in the surrounding community last year. The nonprofit gave away 146 vehicles and repaired 127. One of those recipients was Jeanne McGowan。 “Several years ago, I beca

27、me ill and could not maintain my job and I lost my car because I could not work,” she told a local TV reporter. “Im thrilled to be a receiver of one of their cars.”4. Why did Williams give the two women a lift?A。 He was asked to lend a hand.B。 He was doing some voluntary work.C。 He wanted to follow

28、his fathers footsteps.D. He was going to the same destination as theirs.5. What do the underlined words “off the ground” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. At a loss.B. In progress.C。 Out of sight。D. Beyond reach。6. What do we know about The Garage？A It was set up by Williams for his daughters.B. It ha

29、s donated 127 vehicles to those in need.C. It helps poor women repair their vehicles for free.D. It has won financial support from the government。7. What did McGowan mean by her words？A。 She expected local TV to do her a favor。B. She was seriously ill after losing her job.C. She was excited to have

30、a car from The Garage.D. She determined to donate her old car to the poor?！敬鸢浮?。 C 5. B 6。 C 7. C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Chris Williams開設(shè)了一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織,為有需要的女性免費(fèi)修理汽車，該組織還贈(zèng)送了更新的車輛.【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Born and raised in Louisiana， Williams often watched his father go out of his way to help people in trouble。 So

31、 he did something his dad would have done.（出生和長(zhǎng)大在路易斯安那州，威廉姆斯經(jīng)?？吹剿母赣H去幫助有困難的人。于是他做了一件他父親會(huì)做的事）”可知，Williams想追隨父親的腳步去幫助有困難的人。故選C。【5題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題.根據(jù)文章第三段及下文的內(nèi)容得知Williams的夢(mèng)想是開一家免費(fèi)的汽車修理廠，并且他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了，所以猜測(cè)off the ground是“開始，起步”的意思，故與“in progress”意思相近.故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第四段“Williams borrowed money and asked people

32、 he knew for donations to start his new career， and several months later, he opened The Garage， a nonprofit that repairs vehicles for women in need-at no cost。（Williams借了錢，向他認(rèn)識(shí)的人尋求捐款，以開始他的新事業(yè).幾個(gè)月后，他開設(shè)了The Garage，這是一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，為有需要的女性修理汽車,而且沒有任何費(fèi)用）”可知，Williams開設(shè) The Garage是為了幫助貧困婦女免費(fèi)修車.故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)

33、文中最后一段“I am thrilled to be a receiver of one of their cars。(能成為他們的一輛車的接受者,我感到非常激動(dòng))”可知,McGowan能從The Garage那里得到一輛車感到很激動(dòng)。故選C。CWhat if the Moon had never existed？ For starters we know that the geophysical and climatological history of the Earth would have been different。 Although there is still large un

34、certainty about how the Moon was formed, the most currently favored theory describes a disastrous collision between the Earth and another planetary object。That event forever changed many aspects of the Earths evolution. For example, with a relatively large natural satellite putting gravitational tid

35、al forces (潮汐力） on it， the Earths spin behavior has been quite different than it would have been otherwise。 Day length has increased more rapidly than without a moon。 And the natural changes in the direction of the Earths spin axis （軸)its poles-have been less than they would have been otherwise。 A s

36、horter day length and axial variations like these would have changed the Earths climate history, and almost certainly have changed the way any life evolved.But if a species like us had still appeared， its landscape for space exploration would also have been completely different. Without a large natu

37、ral satellite， a mere quarter of a million miles away, there would have been no ”easy trip to make to another world. If there had been a first human mission to another world， it would likely have been to Mars. But this would surely have called for far more extensive designing of spacecraft and life-

38、support systems for deep space. Perhaps instead the initial focus would have been entirely on Earthorbiting equipment for people and robotic missions to other worlds。 Or, maybe the attraction of the seemingly near impossible would still have encouraged these humans from an alternate reality to take

39、the great leap to Mars as their first step outwards.It is of course, impossible to know exactly what our world would really be like without the Moonboth physically, and in terms of human exploration。 But one thing does seem clear: we probably take our natural satellites existence far too much for gr

40、anted。 Not every inhabited planet in the universe will have its own readymade gateway to the universe。8. Why does the author use the question at the very beginning?A。 To introduce the widely accepted theory.B. To mention the destructive collision.C. To prove a wrong assumption.D. To attract readers

41、interest.9。 What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2？A。 Compare day lengths in different climates.B. Introduce the evolution of life on the Earth.C. Explain why the Earths spin behavior remains.D. Show how the Moon greatly influences the Earth。10。 What does the underlined word this in Paragr

42、aph 3 refer to?A。 The Earths evolution.B. The mission to Mars.C. The trip to the Moon。D。 Earth-orbiting equipment.11. Whats the authors purpose in writing the text？A。 To call on people to study the Earth.B. To stress the significance of the Moon。C. To speak highly of human exploration.D。 To prove as

43、sumptions about moonless Earth.【答案】8. D 9。 D 10. B 11. B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了月球?qū)Φ厍虻闹卮笥绊懞椭匾??！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“What if the Moon had never existed？ For starters we know that the geophysical and climatological history of the Earth would have been different. Although there is still large uncertainty abo

44、ut how the Moon was formed， the most currently favored theory describes a disastrous collision between the Earth and another planetary object?！保ㄈ绻虑驈奈创嬖谶^(guò)呢?首先，我們知道地球的地球物理和氣候?qū)W歷史會(huì)有所不同。盡管月球是如何形成的還存在很大的不確定性，但目前最受歡迎的理論描述了地球和另一個(gè)行星物體之間的災(zāi)難性碰撞。）可知，作者做出假設(shè)“如果沒有月球，地球會(huì)如何”以及討論月球的形成原因從而引起讀者興趣。故選D.2。推理判斷題。第二段中作者描述了月

45、球改變了地球進(jìn)化的各個(gè)方面，并且舉了例子。再根據(jù)最后一句“A shorter day length and axial variations like these would have changed the Earths climate history， and almost certainly have changed the way any life has evolved.（像這樣更短的白晝長(zhǎng)度和軸向變化將會(huì)改變地球的氣候歷史，幾乎肯定會(huì)改變?nèi)魏紊M(jìn)化的方式。）可知，第二段作者是想描述月亮對(duì)地球的影響有多大。故選D.3。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“ If there had bee

46、n a first human mission to another world， it would likely have been to Mars。 ”(如果人類第一次去另一個(gè)世界執(zhí)行任務(wù)的話,很可能是去火星。）可知this指“去火星的任務(wù)”,故選B。4。主旨大意題。文中前三段的假設(shè)皆在說(shuō)明月球?qū)Φ厍蚝腿祟惡苤匾?最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有月球的世界難以想象.所以作者是想要強(qiáng)調(diào)月球的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。DFaster， cheaper, bettertechnology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter

47、 future. But as the 2020s dawn， optimism is in short supply。 The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse。 Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ridehailing (網(wǎng)約車) and the gig economy （零工經(jīng)濟(jì)

48、) may be convenient， but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles。Todays pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than g

49、ood have arisen before。 The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horsedrawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents。 And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantic

50、s who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.However， that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted。 Worries about screen time should be we

51、ighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that Luddite (反對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步者） efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying a

52、ccess to its long-term benefits-something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a technology trap. Fears that robots will steal peoples jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need mo

53、re robots， not fewer.Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world。 Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate， and come up with good answers。 So

54、 as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment。 To be alive in the techobsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.12。 What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1?A. The seriousness of social inequality。B. The rapid development of technology。C. Problems brought

55、by personal privacy leaks.D. Worries about the influence of new technologies.13。 Which word can best describe Romantics concern over industrialization？A. Negative.B。 Uncertain.C。 Sympathetic。D。 Enthusiastic。14。 What might be a result of a technology trap?A. A lack of good jobs in the job market.B. A

56、n increase in the number of Luddites。C。 A decrease in the number of skilled workers.D。 An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.15. What is the best title for the text?A。 Pessimism vs ProgressB. Technology vs CivilizationC。 2020s: The Age of TechnologyD。 Robots: Our Future Caretakers【答

57、案】12. D 13。 A 14. D 15。 A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者從近些年火熱起來(lái)的電子商務(wù)，網(wǎng)約車，零點(diǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)等入手，介紹了科技給人們帶來(lái)巨大便利的同時(shí)也使很多人感到擔(dān)憂，從而提出人們?nèi)绾芜x擇和使用科技才是使社會(huì)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵.【詳解】1。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后三句“Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy。 E-commerce， ride-hailing (網(wǎng)約車） and the gig economy （零工經(jīng)濟(jì)）

58、 may be convenient， but they are charged with underpaying workers， worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles.（社交媒體本應(yīng)將人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，但它們更出名的是泄露隱私。電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)約車和零工經(jīng)濟(jì)或許很方便，但它們都被指控給工人支付了較低的工資,加劇了不平等，還用車輛堵塞了街道。）可知，第一段中提到了新媒體泄露隱私信息，網(wǎng)約車阻塞街道，電子商務(wù)缺乏公平,工人報(bào)酬低等問題，從而對(duì)新技術(shù)所產(chǎn)生的影響表示擔(dān)憂。故選D.2。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“And

59、 industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers， the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.”（在19世紀(jì)，浪漫主義者批評(píng)工業(yè)化,他們擔(dān)心技術(shù)工人的替代,農(nóng)村的掠奪和工廠工人的痛苦.）可知浪漫主義者對(duì)工業(yè)化的態(tài)度是消極的.故選A.3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“A further danger is that Luddi

60、te (反對(duì)技術(shù)進(jìn)步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its longterm benefits-something Carl Benedikt Frey， an Oxford academic， calls a technology trap。 Fears that robots will steal peoples jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run c