現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能與when連用 3).現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用注意： 用法一：表示 ( 不確定的) 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或造成結果。 I have already lost the key. (我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解書的內(nèi)容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)), yet(已經(jīng)

2、), just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng)) never(從不) ，recently(最近), lately(近來) 等詞連用. already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑問句尾. 用法一：表示 ( 不確定的) 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或注意：just: 剛剛，與現(xiàn)在完成時連用just now: 剛才，與一般過去時連用e.g. I have just bought a pen I bought a pen just now.注意：用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，只能用于某些延續(xù)性動詞，常與for,since,或和表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時

3、間的時間狀語（如: so far, up to now, in the last few years/days等）連用。She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born .Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可能繼續(xù)持since: (自以來)1)since+時間點Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+ 時間段+ agoHehasstayedheresince5hours

4、ago.3)since+ 從句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長達）for+ 時間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法: Take notes since: (自以來)since , for 的用法: 用for 或since填空Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friend

5、s havent visited me _my birthday. We havent used our car _ a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. forsinceforsinceforforsince用for 或since填空Mr. Brown has had注意：瞬間動詞在肯定句中不能與for，since等表示一段時間的時間狀語連用延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn,work,s

6、tand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。瞬間動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、終止性動詞或短暫性動詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。如：open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,die,borrow, buy等。注意：瞬間動詞在肯定句中不能與for，since等表示一段時當現(xiàn)在完成時 + 一段時間注意：1)Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Ru

7、ssian three years ago,and is still studying it now.2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.改為: Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.當現(xiàn)在完成時 + 一段時間誤I have received his letter for two days.

8、正I received his letter two days ago.I have had his letter for two days.It is two days since I received his letter.*瞬間動詞在否定句中則可以與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。I havent received his letter for a long time.He hasnt married since he broke up with his girlfriend.誤I have received his letter fo動作狀態(tài)die be over leave arrive

9、 begin end/finish join marry be away be here be on(上演） be married be in be dead由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉換動作狀態(tài)die be over leave arrive b1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become

10、How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 1.have代替buy b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be

11、missing (gone, lost) 代lose b)用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞 用法三：表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。Now we have planted all the trees. He has turned off the light.Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children. A: “ Would you like something to eat ? ” B: “ No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.”用法三：表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或剛剛完成。A

12、ll of us have heard this many times.I have visited Beijing three times.You dont need to describe her; I have met her several times.用法四：表示過去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動作，一般漢語譯為“過”，常帶有once，twice, threetimes等頻度時間狀語 All of us have heard this many特殊句型： 1.It is + 時間段 since +一般過去時的句子.他的爺爺已經(jīng)去世2年了。 Nick 參軍3年了.他離開深圳好長時間了。這本書我已

13、借了4個月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 特殊句型： 1.It is + 時間段 since +一般過句型二: This/It is the first/second 等序數(shù)詞 time + that 從句(謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時)Its the first time that Miss Liu

14、has been to Taojiang.句型三：It/This/That is the 最高級 + 名詞 that 從句（謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時）Its the best film that I have ever seen. 句型二: This/It is the first/secohave / has gone to & have / has been to 1. have / has been (to)表示“去過某地 （現(xiàn)在已回來）” 2. have / has gone to 表示“去某地了 （說話時某人不在當?shù)兀?“前者可與once, never, severaltimes等連用,

15、后者則不能我曾經(jīng)去過三次意大利。 I have been to Italy three times. 他去哈爾濱了。 He has gone to Harbin.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.have / has gone to & have / haSummary:用法一： ( 不確定的) 過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影 響或造成結果。用法二:表示從過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)， 也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。用法三：過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)

16、在為止已完成或剛完成。用法四：過去發(fā)生的一次或多次的動作。用法五：用于某些特殊句型Summary:Practice：1. Can you give me the right answer? Sorry, I _ Would you please repeat that question? A. havent listened B. hadnt listenedC. dont listen D. wasnt listening Practice：1. Can you give me t2. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to

17、 what _ . have marked B. have been markedC. had marked D. had been marked3.It seems that she is thinking about something. Yes, she can not remember what key she _ to her computer.set B. has set C. had set D. sets2. When you get the paper back4.Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is

18、 popular.works B. is workingC. has worked D. worked5. He didnt give up the plan though he _many times.would fail B. was failing C. had failed D. has failed4.Danny _ hard for long to rTrue or False: He has been to the shop. Hell be back soon.2. I havent received his letter for a long time.3. I have r

19、eceived his letter for two days.4. This is the most interesting book that I had read.5. He has bought the car last Friday.gonehadhave True or False:gonehadhave 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時: 強調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關系,對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或影響等,不能與表過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時: 只著重說明動作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關，常與具體的過去時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：Exercises:We _(study)

20、 English for about five years. We_ (begin) to study it five years ago.2. They _(move) to the south in 1990 and _(live) there since then.3. Eric _(leave) home last year but now he _ (come) back.have studiedbeganmovedhave livedhas comeleftExercises:We _(study)1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _

21、whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still1、Both his parents look sad . 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was wr

22、iting .wrote .has written 3、Have you met Mr Li _？5、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived6、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began5、How long have you _ here7、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was

23、8、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been7、 It _ ten years since he9、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been10、The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. have

24、nt they9、My parents _ Shandong f過去完成時過去完成時一、過去完成時的概念與結構特點 概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去” 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在一、過去完成時的概念與結構特點構成：過去完成時由“助動詞had +過去分詞”構成，其中had通用于各種人稱。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 構成：過

25、去完成時由“助動詞had +過去分詞”構成，其中ha二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù) 1. 由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （2 ）by the end of + 過去的時間點。 如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before +過去的時間點。 如：They had

26、 planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： 1）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 2. 由“過去的過去”來判定。2 ）賓語從句中

27、 當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 1.She said that she had seen the film before2.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由于before 和 after本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如： 1.Where did you study before

28、 you came here? 2.After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 2 ）賓語從句中 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時的主要用法1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動

29、作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在told 之前)3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already，yet ，still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ，before ，until 等引導的短語或從句連用。如：Before she came to China,

30、Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能）4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，5. 過去

31、完成時也用于hardly.when.（剛就） no sooner.than. （剛就）, It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講

32、話，這是第一次。5. 過去完成時也用于hardly.when.（剛四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關，其結構為“助動詞have (has) + 過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了1000 個英語單詞。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那時為止我已經(jīng)

33、學會了1000 個英語單詞。四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應注意以下幾點： 1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過

34、去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時Present perfect continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進行時Present perfectStructure:現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have (has) +been + doing構成 1.The telephone has been ri

35、nging for almost a minute. Why doesnt someone answer it?電話響了差不多一分鐘, 為什么沒人接? 2. The weather has been changeable lately; Ive been having a lot of colds.最近天氣變化無常, 我時常感冒。Structure:現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have (has)Usages用法一：從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在進行的動作，可能仍在進行，也可能已停止。 e.g.1.It has been raining since last Monday. 自上周一以來就一直在下雨。2.

36、Shes been watching television all day. 她看了整整一天電視。Usages用法一：從以前到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在進行的動作用法二：表示一個從過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到說話時剛結束。Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.用法二：表示一個從過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到說話時剛結束。用法三：表示過去剛剛完成的動作，對現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。1. Ive been typing letters all day. （I am very tired. ） 一整天都在打信件。（我太累了。）2.

37、Susan has been crying. （Susans eyes are red.） 蘇姍一直在哭。（眼睛都哭紅了。）用法三：表示過去剛剛完成的動作，對現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系或影響。1. IPractice:How I wish I could bring some laughter to my students who _ so hard.will work B. had worked C. have been working D. were working2. Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes, thats why I _ to work by train.have gone B. have been goingC. was going D. will have gonePractice:現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較: Note 1: 兩者都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài), 但現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性；而現(xiàn)在完成時著重說明一個事實。 A. They have lived in New York. 他們住在巴黎。 B. They