高中英語專題 Unit 4 looking good,feeling good Ⅲ　Grammar and usage

1、 Section Grammar and usage.單詞拼寫 根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1He was asked to finish the work on_(時(shí)間表)2Hes been rather _(否定) about the idea.3His shortterm _(記憶) was damaged in the accident.4His research has _ greatly to our understanding of this disease.5As we all know，some students are under great _ nowadays.6

2、Once more the soldiers_ and once more they were defeated.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1press v壓；按；壓迫_n心理壓力，緊張；壓力；要求，催促2_ vi. & vt.是的原因之一；捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)；增加，添加contribution n貢獻(xiàn)3_ n發(fā)作；攻擊；抨擊 vt.& vi.攻擊；侵襲；抨擊attacker n攻擊者.補(bǔ)全短語根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全下列短語1_the short term從短期看2contribute _ 促成，造成；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助3stop sb_ doing. 阻止某人做某事4suffer _ 患(某種病)；受(

3、某種病痛)折磨5wake _ 醒來； 喚醒，弄醒6have trouble_ doing. 做某事有困難或麻煩.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1Does smoking _ lung cancer?2Sometimes I still _these weaknesses.3I was suddenly _ by the alarm clock at 3 am.4_，it may earn you less，in the long term it will pay off.5You could ask the teacher for help when you _ learning Engl

4、ish.eq avs4al(尋規(guī)律、巧記憶)v. ion n.v. . from 動(dòng)詞短語liberation n解放operation n操作；手術(shù)pollution n污染make. from. 由制造borrow. from.從借learn. from 向?qū)W習(xí) contribute to促成，造成；捐獻(xiàn)，捐助(教材P48)Whats more，noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.更重要的是，大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。contribu

5、te.to.把貢獻(xiàn)給have little/a lot/much to contribute (to sth.) (對(duì))幾乎沒有貢獻(xiàn)/貢獻(xiàn)很大He _ the conversation. 他在這次談話中幾乎什么也沒說。His research has contributed enormously _our understanding of this disease. 他的研究對(duì)我們認(rèn)識(shí)這一疾病貢獻(xiàn)很大。The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions _world civilization. 宋朝為世界文明貢獻(xiàn)出三大發(fā)明。 in the s

6、hort term從短期看(教材P48)In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired，have trouble concentrating and get a poor memory.從短期看，有睡眠問題的人經(jīng)常感到疲倦，難以集中注意力，且記憶力差。in the long term就長期而言in terms of. 就來說；從角度be on good/bad terms with.和關(guān)系好/不好come to terms with (sb.)與(某人)達(dá)成協(xié)議/妥協(xié)/和解Learning is not always

7、easy，but it is always beneficial_學(xué)習(xí)并不總是那么簡單，但從長遠(yuǎn)看它總是有益的。Its hard to come to _(term) with being unemployed.很難接受失業(yè)這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)。Were on good terms _ all our neighbours.我們與所有的鄰居關(guān)系都好。Correct all these sentences_terms of grammar，spelling，etc，so that she can use them properly.從語法、拼寫等方面改正這些句子，好讓她使用恰當(dāng)。 attack n發(fā)作；攻擊

8、；抨擊 vt.& vi.攻擊；侵襲；抨擊(教材P48)If this happens for a long time，the risks of being overweight and having a heart attack may increase.如果這種情況持續(xù)很長時(shí)間，超重和心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能會(huì)增加。(1)attack sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)難某人be attacked with患/得(病)(2)make an attack on/against攻擊；襲擊；抨擊under attack遭到攻擊；遭到抨擊a heart attack一次心臟病發(fā)作(2

9、019全國卷)When a student_a professor on the social media，the language used actually says more about the student.當(dāng)一名學(xué)生在社交媒體上抨擊一位教授時(shí)，所使用的語言確實(shí)是更多地說這位學(xué)生。The newspapers _ the Prime Minister because of the new law.由于這項(xiàng)新法令的頒布，各報(bào)紙紛紛對(duì)首相進(jìn)行抨擊。The city came _ attack during the night.城市在夜間遭到襲擊。He _(attack) with dis

10、ease; this was why he was absent.他患病了，這就是他沒來的原因。 amount n數(shù)量 vi.合計(jì)；共計(jì)；接近(教材P49) Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.每個(gè)人都知道高質(zhì)量的睡眠對(duì)我們很重要。(1)the amount of不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量a large/great amount of不可數(shù)名詞 大量的(作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)large amounts of不可數(shù)名詞 大量的(作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)in large/sma

11、ll amounts 大/少量地(2)amount to 總計(jì)為The materials can be produced _.這種材料可以大量地生產(chǎn)。_ on the construction of school. Large amounts of money are spent on the construction of school.大量的錢被花在學(xué)校建設(shè)上。The cost amounts_10，000 dollars.成本總計(jì)為1萬美元。名師點(diǎn)津表示“大量的”的短語還有a large number of，a great deal of，plenty of，a large quant

12、ity of 等。其中a great deal of 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞； a large number of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；a lot of，plenty of既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句語 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1.Thats the cinema where we often go and see films.2.He enjoyed the four years when he studied in Suzhou.3.Do you know the reason why(for which) the sky is blue？4

13、.The study is the place at which (where) I often have talks with my father.5.He will always remember the day on which (when) he left his hometown.1.例句1中where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為the cinema，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。2.例句2中when引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為the four years，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。3.例句3中why引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為the reason，在從句中作原因狀語。4.例句4中at which引

14、導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為the place，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。5.例句5中on which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為the day，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。 一、關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞在引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于介詞短語，在句中作狀語。when，where，why在定語從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。1when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我還記得我第一次去長城的那一天。The day when we get together will come soon.

15、我們重聚的日子很快就會(huì)來的。名師點(diǎn)津若時(shí)間名詞后面的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則改用which或that引導(dǎo)。Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?你還記得我們一起度過的那些日子嗎？(關(guān)系詞在從句中作spent的賓語)2where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已經(jīng)被拆了。He is now working in the factory where his father w

16、orked.現(xiàn)在他正在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。名師點(diǎn)津若地點(diǎn)名詞后面的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則改用which或that。The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我們昨天參觀的那所學(xué)校是新建的。(關(guān)系代詞which/that在從句中作賓語)3why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考試成功的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)很認(rèn)真。名師點(diǎn)津reason后的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞若在從句中作主語

17、或賓語，則改用which或that。This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.這就是我們老師給我們的做此事的理由。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語)He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.他給了我一個(gè)合情合理的理由。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語)即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1單句語法填空He arrived in Beijing on the day _ I left.The factory _ his father works is in the east of the city.This

18、 is the reason _ he offered at the meeting.二、關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時(shí)，為了使關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的關(guān)系更加緊湊，可以將從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，形成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞可用which，whom或whose。1介詞的選用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以依據(jù)與從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配、與先行詞的搭配或句子意義來確定。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來拍照的相機(jī)。(根據(jù)與先行詞的搭配確定)This is the pilot with wh

19、om my father has worked for ten years.這就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飛行員。(根據(jù)意義搭配確定)名師點(diǎn)津(1)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞關(guān)系代詞”可以同關(guān)系副詞when、where和why互換。I still remember the time when(in which)I was in college.我仍然記得我上大學(xué)的那段時(shí)光。This is the hotel where(in which)they stayed.這就是他們待過的旅館。This is the reason why(for which)he left in

20、a hurry.這就是他匆匆離去的原因。(2)有些“動(dòng)詞介詞”短語，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆開把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去請的那個(gè)醫(yī)生還沒有來。2關(guān)系代詞的選擇“介詞關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用whom，不可用who/that；先行詞指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用which，不能用that。This is the student for whom I

21、bought a book.這就是我給其買書的那個(gè)學(xué)生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.這就是我去上海所乘的船。3“名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞等介詞of關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”前還會(huì)有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等，表示部分、整體、數(shù)量等概念。The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.這條河流入大海，河的兩岸種滿了樹。He has three sons，two of whom are teachers.他有三個(gè)兒子，其中有兩個(gè)是老師。Maria has

22、 written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.瑪麗亞已經(jīng)寫了兩部小說，這兩部都被拍成了電視劇。即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2單句語法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.Many young people，most of _ were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.Is this the car _ which you paid a high price?.單句語法填空1The valley_ the town lies is very beautiful.2I will never forget the days _ we stayed together in the countryside.3He is a teacher of rich experience，from _ much can be learned.4Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of