軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)課件

1、軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)2022/9/102軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)定義與主要概念軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)定義The meeting of system-level objectives by exploiting the trade-offs between hardware and software in a system through their concurrent design主要概念Concurrent（并發(fā)）: hardware and software developed at the same time on parallel pathsIntegrated（交互）: intera

2、ction between hardware and software developments to produce designs that meet performance criteria and functional specifications2022/9/44軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)定義與主要概念軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)2022/9/103嵌入式系統(tǒng)快速原型設(shè)計(jì)過程SYSTEMDEF.SWDESIGNVIRTUAL PROTOTYPEREUSE DESIGN LIBRARIES AND DATABASEPrimarilysoftwarePrimarilyhardwareSWCODEFUNCTIOND

3、ESIGNHW & SWPART.HWDESIGNHWFABINTEG.& TESTHW & SW CODESIGNHW & SW Partitioning & Codesign2022/9/45嵌入式系統(tǒng)快速原型設(shè)計(jì)過程SYSTEMDE2022/9/104嵌入式系統(tǒng)快速原型開發(fā)的基本要素系統(tǒng)定義（需求分析）軟硬件劃分結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)劃 處理器類型, 軟硬件之間的接口類型, 等.劃分目的 滿足系統(tǒng)速度,延遲, 體積,成本等方面的要求.劃分策略 - high level partitioning by hand, automated partitioning using various technique

4、s, etc.調(diào)度Operation scheduling in hardwareInstruction scheduling in compilersProcess scheduling in operating systems軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)過程中的建模2022/9/46嵌入式系統(tǒng)快速原型開發(fā)的基本要素系統(tǒng)定義（2022/9/105傳統(tǒng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)模型SystemConceptsSys/HWRequire.AnalysisSys/SWRequire.AnalysisOperation.Testing and Eval.SoftwareRequire.AnalysisPrelim.Design

5、DetailedDesignCoding,Unit test.,Integ. testSW DevelopmentHWCITestingCSCITestingSystemInteg. and testHardwareRequire.AnalysisPrelim.DesignDetailedDesignFabric.HW Development2022/9/47傳統(tǒng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)模型SystemSys2022/9/106傳統(tǒng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程傳統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)過程的基本特征:系統(tǒng)在一開始就被劃分為軟件和硬件兩大部分軟件和硬件獨(dú)立進(jìn)行開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)“Hardware first” approach of

6、ten adopted隱含的一些問題:軟硬件之間的交互受到很大限制軟硬件之間的相互性能影響很難評估系統(tǒng)集成相對滯后，NRE較大因此:Poor quality designs（設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量差）Costly modifications（設(shè)計(jì)修改難）Schedule slippages（研制周期不能有效保障）2022/9/48傳統(tǒng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程傳統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)過程2022/9/107傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中的尖銳矛盾隨著設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜程度的提高，軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)中的一些錯(cuò)誤將使開發(fā)過程付出昂貴的代價(jià) “Hardware first” approach often compounds software cost becau

7、se software must compensate for hardware inadequacies2022/9/49傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中的尖銳矛盾隨著設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜程度的2022/9/108軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)過程發(fā)展方向協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)SystemConceptsSys/HWRequire.AnalysisSys/SWRequire.AnalysisHardwareRequire.AnalysisSoftwareRequire.AnalysisOperation.Testing and EvaluationSW DevelopmentHW DevelopmentSystemInteg. and testHWCIT

8、estingCSCITestingFranke91Integrated Modeling SubstrateIntegrated Modeling SubstratePrelim.DesignPrelim.DesignDetailedDesignDetailedDesignFabric.Coding,Unit test.,Integ. test IEEE 19912022/9/410軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)過程發(fā)展方向協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)Sys2022/9/109軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的基本需求統(tǒng)一的軟硬件描述方式軟硬件支持統(tǒng)一的設(shè)計(jì)和分析工具（技術(shù)）允許在一個(gè)集成環(huán)境中仿真（評估）系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)支持系統(tǒng)任務(wù)在軟件和硬件設(shè)計(jì)之

9、間的相互移植交互式軟硬件劃分技術(shù)允許多個(gè)不通的軟硬件劃分設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行仿真和比較輔助最優(yōu)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)方式?jīng)Q策Partitioning applied to modules to best meet design criteria (functionality and performance goals)2022/9/411軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的基本需求統(tǒng)一的軟硬件描述2022/9/1010軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的基本需求 (cont.)完整的軟硬件模型基礎(chǔ)Supports evaluation at several stages of the design processSupports step-wise deve

10、lopment and integration of hardware and software正確的驗(yàn)證方法確保系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到目標(biāo)要求2022/9/412軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的基本需求 (cont.)2022/9/1011典型的軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)過程 SystemIntegrationInstruction set levelHW/SW evaluationUnified representation(Data/control flow) HW/SWPartitioning Interface Synthesis Software SynthesisSWHardware SynthesisHW Syst

11、em Description(Functional)Concurrent processesProgramming languages FSM-directed graphs Another HW/SWpartition2022/9/413典型的軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)過程 2022/9/1012經(jīng)典的軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)方法Analysis of Constraintsand RequirementsSystem Specs.HW/SWPartitioningHardware Descript.Software Descript.HW Synth. andConfigurationInterface Syn

12、thesisSoftware Gen.& ParameterizationConfigurationModulesHardwareComponentsHW/SWInterfacesSoftwareModulesHW/SW Integrationand CosimulationIntegratedSystemSystem EvaluationDesign Verification IEEE 19942022/9/414經(jīng)典的軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)方法Analysis2022/9/1013軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)勢在設(shè)計(jì)初始階段就可進(jìn)行軟硬件交互設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)整Provides continual verificat

13、ion throughout the design cycle（貫穿整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)周期）Separate HW/SW development paths can lead to costly modifications and schedule slippages關(guān)鍵技術(shù)（如可編程邏輯綜合技術(shù)、器件接口和功能模型描述）的進(jìn)步 使得軟硬件交互設(shè)計(jì)變得簡單起來2022/9/415軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)勢在設(shè)計(jì)初始階段就可進(jìn)2022/9/1014軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀主要問題:Lack of a standardized representationLack of good validation and e

14、valuation methods可能的解決方案:Extend existing hardware/software languages to the use of heterogeneous paradigmsExtend formal verification techniques to the HW/SW domain基于FPGA的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)SOPC設(shè)計(jì)2022/9/416軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀主要問題:2022/9/1015軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟HW-SW system involvesSpecification（設(shè)計(jì)描述）modeling （設(shè)計(jì)建模）design space

15、exploration and partitioningsynthesis and optimization（綜合與優(yōu)化）Validation（設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證）implementation （設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)）2022/9/417軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟HW-SW sys2022/9/1016軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Specification（設(shè)計(jì)描述）List the functions of a system that describe the behavior of an abstraction clearly with out ambiguity.Modeling（設(shè)計(jì)建模）Process of con

16、ceptualizing and refining the specifications, and producing a hardware and software model.2022/9/418軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Specifica2022/9/1017軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Validation:Process of achieving a reasonable level of confidence（置信度） that the system will work as designed.Takes different flavors per application domain（根據(jù)應(yīng)

17、用領(lǐng)域而不同）: cosimulation for performance and correctness（性能與功能的協(xié)同仿真）2022/9/419軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Validatio2022/9/1018軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Implementation:Physical realization of the hardware (through synthesis) and of executable software (through compilation).2022/9/420軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)基本步驟Implement2022/9/1019協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)中的軟硬件劃分與調(diào)度A hardw

18、are/software partitioning represents a physical partition of system functionality into application-specific hardware and software.Scheduling is to assign an execution start time to each task in a set, where tasks are linked by some relations.2022/9/421協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)中的軟硬件劃分與調(diào)度A hard2022/9/1020軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)工具M(jìn)entor的SeamlessCadence的2022/9/422軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)工具M(jìn)entor的Seam2022/9/1021Bonus討論實(shí)例：嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻播放器（1）協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì)問題（2）硬件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)2022/9/423Bonus討論實(shí)例：嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻播放器2022/9/1022嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻播放器ModemISDNADSL遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器PSTNUSB1.1Ethernet控制器串口1串口2VGA inVGA outAudio out多媒體終端設(shè)置終端(NoteBook)LC