Unit4知識點學(xué)案-高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊

1、課題： Unit 4 History and Traditions精講精練 文章解析Finally, in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, _ resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.break away(from sb/th) 脫離；背叛；逃脫break down 出故障；失?。豢宓?；分解break in 強行進(jìn)入；打斷(in后面不

2、接賓語)break into 強行闖入；突然開始(into后面接賓語)例: The southern states wanted to break away from the union,so a war broke out.南部諸州想要脫離聯(lián)邦，于是戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。 The young men are brave enough to break away from traditional ideas. Their car broke down on the expressway last night. Dont break in when he is telling the story. His

3、 house was broken into last week.(2)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句先行詞可以是名詞、代詞，也可以是短語或者整個句子。which在定從中作主語、賓語或表語，一般用逗號和主語隔開。從句起補充說明作用，如果去掉從句，主句的意思依然完整。2. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. (1)belong vi.應(yīng)在（某處）；屬于 belonging n.U歸屬belongings n.財產(chǎn)；財物belong to sb 歸某人所有；屬于某人be

4、long to sth 是（俱樂部、組織等）的成員；是（某事物）的一部分注意：belong to意為“屬于”，無被動語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時。a sense of belonging 歸屬感例：I used to belong to a youth club.The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire.3.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.achievement nC成就；成績 U達(dá)到；完成；實現(xiàn)achieve vt.實現(xiàn)；達(dá)到

5、vi.獲得成功achievable adj.可達(dá)到的achieve success 取得成功achieve ones dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想make achievements 取得成就a sense of achievement 成就感例：This is the greatest scientific achievement of the decade. Nothing great will be achieved without enthusiasm.Even as a teenager,you can still achieve success in your life.重點詞匯講解C

6、onfucius孔子 孔子的；儒家的_ Confucian 儒家思想_Confucianism _Dont treat others in the way you dont want to be treated. 2.individual adj. 單獨的；個人的；獨特的；與眾不同的 adv. individually n.c 個人；個體；人 個性；特征 individuality /personality/identity 個人主義： individualism What can you do as _ individual?Wed better go in a group, not _ .

7、 （individual）=Wed better not go individually 3. chief n. c 首領(lǐng)；領(lǐng)袖；上司 the editor-in-chief: 主編 adj. 首要的；最重要的；首席的；最高級的 chief editor主編 chief engineers 總工程師；總技師 CEO chief executive officer 首席執(zhí)行官；總裁4. puzzle n. c 難題；謎；拼圖游戲 vt. 使迷惑 confuse puzzled adj. 困惑的；迷惑的 confused puzzling adj. 令人困惑的；費解的 confusing 困惑：p

8、uzzlement To ones puzzlement to ones +n.All the people are _ by the _ questions raised by the little boy. (puzzle) The puzzled look/expression on her face made us surprised. (puzzle) She has designed _ for books and printed things. (puzzle)5. belong to 屬于；是的成員；應(yīng)歸入 n.u 歸屬感:_belonging a sense of belon

9、ging n C 復(fù)數(shù) 所有物；財產(chǎn)；財物: belongings = (possessions) Language is a gift belonging to humans. (belong) =Language is a gift which belongs to humans. Lions belong _ the cat family.belong to 無進(jìn)行 無被動 常用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語6.defence n.防御；保衛(wèi) defense(1)in defence (of) 為了保衛(wèi)()；為了保護(hù)(2)defend vt.防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)；辯護(hù)defend oneself自衛(wèi)；為

10、辯護(hù)defend against抵御defend sb. from/against 保護(hù)某人免受 protect sb fromTranslation: Everyone should defend himself by legal means. 7.surround vt. 包圍；環(huán)繞；圍困附近的；周圍的： surrounding 環(huán)境： surroundings 用包圍： surround .with 被包圍/環(huán)繞： be surrounded by/with 語境串記Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countr

11、ies lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. Find+賓語+賓補Translation:要和積極向上的人在一起，他們會激勵你做得更好。(who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)Surround yourself with positive people who will inspire you to be better.8.evidence n.證據(jù)；證明；根據(jù)(1)There is some/no evidence that.有/沒有證據(jù)證明可數(shù)？不可數(shù)？a piece of evi

12、dence a piece of advice (2)adj.明顯的；明白的： evident / obvious/ apparent/clear 很明顯： It is evident that. adv.顯然；明顯地；清楚地：evidently 有證據(jù)證明，戶外活動對我們有好處。There is some evidence that outdoor activities are beneficial to us. 過去分詞作定語 動詞的過去分詞是英語中一種很重要的非謂語動詞形式，規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞由動詞原形+ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則。過去分詞在句中可充當(dāng)定語、表語、補語、

13、狀語等，本單元學(xué)習(xí)其作定語和賓語補足語。一、過去分詞的位置 例句研讀被修飾的名詞過分（短語）的位置Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. _位于其被修飾的名詞的 _We will enjoy traditional Chinese dances and songs performed by some students. _位于其被修飾的名詞的 _He found that the polluted water carried the virus. _位于其被修飾的名詞的 _He fou

14、nd that the virus came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. _位于其被修飾的名詞的 _拓展知識有少數(shù)幾個過去分詞單獨做定語時，習(xí)慣放在其被修飾的名詞后面。 the food left 剩下的食物 the people concerned 相關(guān)的人們 the problem involved 相關(guān)的問題2) 某些不及物動詞的過去分詞，不可以單獨做前置定語，但可以與某些副詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞作前置定語。well-behaved children 規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的孩子 a widely-traveled busi

15、nessman 一個游歷廣泛的商人 newly-arrived visitors 新來的參觀者 a narrowly-minded man 心胸狹窄的人二、過去分詞作定語的意義:過去分詞作定語，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。例句研讀相應(yīng)的定語從句1. a polluted river a river that/which has been polluted2. a river polluted by the water from London a river _ 3. a trapped animal an animal _ 4. an animal trapped in the flood an a

16、nimal _ 5. the tired boy the boy_ 6. fallen leaves leaves _ 7. the risen sun the sun _ 8. developed countries countries _ 9. boiled water water _ 拓展延伸 . 單句語法填空 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Jack liked the gift _ （buy）by his mother very much. 2. The book, Harry Potter, _(write）by J.K. Rowling, is very popular with

17、 students. 3. He practices his _（speak） English everyday. 4. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _（call）5. She wont have her long hair _（cut）short. 6. We found a _（break）cup on the floor when coming back home. 7. With his homework _（finish）, he went out to play with his friend. 8.

18、 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _（wash）. 句子考查 按照要求完成句子。1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. （合并成一個簡單句）_2. I looked at that modern abstract painting. It was coloured in yellows and greens. （合并成一個簡單句）_3. The news surprised us. BBC reported

19、 the news. （合并成一個簡單句）_隨堂檢測 ASettled by the Celts, invaded by the Romans and the Normans, and ruled by the English, Wales population has regularly changed over the ages. Wales, particularly South Wales, became a melting pot (熔爐) of European nationalities and cultures. At first workers from England, I

20、reland and the rural areas of Wales rushed into the coal mines of South Wales. By 1911, workers from Ireland, Italy and Spain had joined the industrial workforce (勞動大軍) there. Many of these newcomers were prepared to work for less pay.But during this period, workers, dissatisfied with regular pay cu

21、ts, poor safety, returned to the land. In 1891, the rural population of Wales was about 616,000 and by 1911 just over 649,000 people lived and worked in these areas.The rural population continues to grow slowly even today. People from richer parts of the UK, particularly southern England, are buying

22、 holiday homes in Wales. In some areas this has led to a lack of housing for local people. This, combined with the lack of employment in rural Welsh communities, has started a new movement of people in search of jobs and homes into the towns and cities of Wales and to other parts of the UK and Europ

23、e.As so many Welsh people have moved to other countries over the last 200 years, its really no surprise that many visitors come to see friends and relatives. These visitors strengthen their links to their land of origin and continue to support the Welshs development. During the hot summer days, about 28% of the visitors visit the countryside and nearly 70% visit the seaside.1Why