中考英語復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)講練

1、第 第 頁被動語態(tài)意義：語態(tài)用于說明主語和謂語的關(guān)系,它包括主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。 例：We clean our classroom every day.被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 例：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.構(gòu)成：be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 ，be 必須與主語的人稱、數(shù)一致。初中階段應(yīng)該掌握的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/ is / are+過去分詞 例：We are asked to answer some questions in class. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/ w

2、ere +過去分詞 例：These shoes were bought two years ago. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞（詳見下頁）例：She may be taken to the police station. 用法 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。 例：The bridge was built last year. 需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者。 例：The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 句子的主語不是人。 例：The tiger was killed by the hunter. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法主動句： I

3、water these flowers every day.主語 謂語 賓語被動句： These flowers are watered by me every day.原賓語 謂語 by+原主語或主語的賓格【練】1.They made this kite yesterday afternoon. _2.We took the sick boy to hospital at once. _3.She cleans all the desks every day. _注意1.帶雙賓語動詞的主動結(jié)構(gòu)可把直接賓語或間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語。把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，直接賓語不變。把直接

4、賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，間接賓語前應(yīng)加介詞to 或for。加to 的動詞有：give ,bring ,pass, lend ,write , show 等。加for 的有：buy ,choose 等。He gave me a present on my birthday. _ _I bought a scarf for my mother on Mothers Day ._ _2.帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)，只把賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓語補足語留在原處。主動語態(tài)中，有些動詞后面用不帶to 的不定式作賓語補足語，若變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一律還原to. Our teacher told us t

5、o clean the classroom at once ._ She made her students do a lot of homework last Sunday. _ We often hear the boy play the piano in his room. _ I let them go into the cinema first just now. _ 3.動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。句中謂語是動詞短語時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要注意其完整性。（即不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的介詞或副詞） His father can look after him. He can be looked aft

6、er by his father.Her classmates often laugh at her. She is often laughed at by her classmates.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞（should/can/must/may/could等）+ be+及物動詞的過去分詞例：Many trees should be planted on the mountains. Tables can be made of stone. 二、句式轉(zhuǎn)換：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，應(yīng)在情態(tài)動詞后面加not；變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，應(yīng)將情態(tài)動詞移到句首。1.肯定句式：主

7、語+情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他.例：The children should be allowed to go to the movies with friends on Friday nights.2.否定句式：主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他. 例：Waste paper should not be thrown here.3.一般疑問句式：情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他?例：-Should it be done by Li Ming? -Yes, it should. / No, it shouldnt.三、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動句與主動句之

8、間的轉(zhuǎn)換主動句：You should hand in your homework on time.主語 謂語 賓語被動句：Your homework should be handed in by you on time.原賓語 謂語 by+原主語或主語的賓格語法專練：1. She often _ by her classmates. A. laughed B. laughed at C. laughing D. been laughed2. After the room _, well go on a holiday. A. paint B. paints C. will paint D. i

9、s painted3. -Have all the students known that our class will visit the Great Wall tomorrow?- Yes. Every student _ about it.A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told4. I wasnt at home yesterday. I _ t help with Tommys party. A. asked B. was asked C. was asking D. had asked5. MADE IN CHINA can _ on man

10、y things even in England. A. been seen B. see C. sees D. saw6. Old people should _ politely. A. be spoken B. speak C. be spoken to D. speaks7. -Have you heard of the earthquake? -Yes, I watched it on TV. Millions of people _ in it. A. were killed B. killed C. kill D. were killing 8. I was surprised

11、to hear that the colour TV set _ him 8000 yuan. A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost9. I like this sweater because it _ so soft and warm. A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt10. The children should _ not to break the traffic rules. A. be told B. told C. tell D. telling11. The young tre

12、es _ well if they _.A. wont grow, dont take good care B. dont grow, are taken good care of C. dont grow, dont take good care of D. wont grow, arent taken good care of 12.Knives _(use) for cutting things.13.Toms shirt _(make) of silk.14.They _(send) us some books every year.15.I _(wake) up by my moth

13、er every morning.16.She often_(stay) with her parents at weekends.10.His diaries _(write) in English.17.Please tell him _(not speak) so quietly.18.This bottle is full. It _(fill) with oil.19.I will go back as soon as I _(finish) it tomorrow.20.Which language _the most widely _(use) in the world now?21.A new road _(build)last year.22.How long _ she _(be) in China?23.The radio says there _(be ) a strong wind tomorrow.24.I wonder where and when _(meet) tomorrow morning.25.Are you able _(climb) so high?26.This _(invent) has had 200 _(invent) so far.27.A man-mad