動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致課件市公開課獲獎課件

1、第六講 動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致0102動詞時態(tài)普通現(xiàn)在時|普通過去時|普通未來時|過去未來時|現(xiàn)在完畢時|過去完畢時|現(xiàn)在完畢進行時|現(xiàn)在進行時|過去進行時動詞語態(tài)被動語態(tài)構成 |被動語態(tài)基本使用辦法|積極形式表示被動意義I. 單句語法填空 | II. 單句改錯 | III. 翻譯句子 | IV. 語法填空 | V. 短文改錯主謂一致語法一致原則 | 意義一致原則 | 就近一致原則06針對訓練03第1頁第1頁 動詞時態(tài)第2頁第2頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時構成。普通現(xiàn)在時主要由動詞原形表示，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語普通由動詞原形后加s或es構成。其改變規(guī)則下列：1第3頁第3頁一、 普通現(xiàn)

2、在時普通現(xiàn)在時構成。1情況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況直接加-scomecomesplayplays結尾為s，x，sh，ch或o在詞尾加espass-passeswash-washes fix-fixesgo-goes結尾為“輔音字母y”變y為i再加escarry-carries cry-criesstudy-studies worry-worries第4頁第4頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時使用辦法。表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性動作，句中慣用 often，usually，sometimes，every day 等時間狀語。2He goes to school by bicycle every day.他天天騎自行

3、車去上學。第5頁第5頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時使用辦法。表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、特性、事實或客觀真理。2The story sounds very interesting.這個故事聽起來很有趣。第6頁第6頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時使用辦法。表示現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)、特性、事實或客觀真理。2The story sounds very interesting.這個故事聽起來很有趣。As we all know，objects fall to the ground because of gravity.眾所周知，由于重力物體下落。第7頁第7頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時使用辦法。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用普通現(xiàn)

4、在時表示未來。2When I graduate，Ill go to the countryside.畢業(yè)后我要去鄉(xiāng)下。第8頁第8頁一、 普通現(xiàn)在時普通現(xiàn)在時使用辦法。表示按計劃、要求將要發(fā)生動作，但限于少數(shù)動詞，如：begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close，take off等。2The meeting begins at seven.會議將于七點開始。The plane takes off at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.飛機將在明天早上6點鐘起飛。第9頁第9頁二、 普通過去時 普通過去時構成。1情

5、況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況在動詞后加edstaystayed expectexpected 以e結尾動詞后加dhopehoped以“輔音字母y”結尾動詞變y為i再加-edstudystudiedcarrycarried重讀閉音節(jié)中，詞尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加-edplanplannedpreferpreferred普通過去時由動詞過去式表示，規(guī)則動詞過去式普通由動詞原形加ed構成，其改變規(guī)則下列：第10頁第10頁二、 普通過去時 普通過去時使用辦法。2表示在擬定過去時間里所發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the oth

6、er day，in 1982等。He finished writing his novel last month.他上個月寫完了一部小說。I felt very tired when I got home，and I went straight to bed.我到家時候感到非常累，就直接上床睡覺了。第11頁第11頁二、 普通過去時 普通過去時使用辦法。2表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作。When I was a child，I often played football in the street.我是個孩子時候，常在馬路上踢足球。 第12頁第12頁二、 普通過去時 普通過去時使用辦法

7、。2有些動作發(fā)生時間沒有詳細表明，但事實上是“剛剛，剛剛”發(fā)生，應使用普通過去時。Your phone number again？I didnt quite catch it.你再說一遍您電話號碼，我剛剛沒有聽清。第13頁第13頁二、 普通過去時 普通過去時使用辦法。2有表示過去一段時間內(nèi)完畢動作。Mr. White lived in Paris for seven years，and he lives in Beijing now.懷特先生在巴黎住過七年，他現(xiàn)在住在北京。第14頁第14頁三、普通未來時will/shall動詞原形。1表示客觀未來，常與表示未來時間狀語連用。shall普通用于第

8、一人稱，will可用于各種人稱。My birthday is coming. I shall be 18 years old.我生日就要到了。我將要18歲了。普通未來時表示從現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài)。第15頁第15頁三、普通未來時will/shall動詞原形。1will還可表示說話時暫時做出決定。What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.幾點了？我不知道。稍等，我?guī)湍憧匆幌隆Ｆ胀ㄎ磥頃r表示從現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生動作或狀態(tài)。第16頁第16頁三、普通未來時be going to動詞原形。2“be

9、 going to動詞原形”表示按計劃、打算要做某事或依據(jù)某種跡象預示著要發(fā)生某事。I am going to buy some books with my sister this afternoon.我打算下午和姐姐去買些書。Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.看那些烏云。天要下雨了。第17頁第17頁三、普通未來時be to 動詞原形， 表示按計劃進行動作或征求對方意見。3The boy is to go to school tomorrow.男孩明天要去上學。Are we to go on with this work?我們要繼續(xù)這項工作嗎？ 名

10、師指津be to do和be going to do區(qū)別be to do表示客觀安排或受人批示而做某事，be going to do表示主觀打算或計劃。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀想法)第18頁第18頁四、過去未來時過去未來時慣用表示法：would/should動詞原形。1表示對過去某一時間點而言將要發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài)。I hoped that we would meet again som

11、eday.我希望未來有一天我們能再會面。第19頁第19頁四、過去未來時過去未來時慣用表示法：would/should動詞原形。1表示過去某種習慣行為。I would swim in the small river after school when I was a child.我小時候放學后總是在這條小河里游泳。第20頁第20頁四、過去未來時過去未來時其它表示法2was/were going to do表示過去打算和意圖。He was going to start work the following week.他打算接下來那個星期開始工作。第21頁第21頁四、過去未來時過去未來時其它表示法2

12、was/were to動詞原形。這種結構通常指過去計劃、安排或注定要發(fā)生事情。假如計劃動作沒有實現(xiàn)，要用動詞完畢式。He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 pm.他說他下午四點去車站接他朋友。(計劃安排)第22頁第22頁四、過去未來時過去未來時其它表示法2was/were about to動詞原形。這種結構表示過去即將發(fā)生事，常與when連用。I was about to go out when someone called me.我正要出門，這時有些人給我打電話。第23頁第23頁五、現(xiàn)在完畢時表示到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完畢動作，

13、其結果影響現(xiàn)在仍然存在。有時與just，already，yet，recently，before，twice，three times等時間狀語連用，常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。1I dont want to go to the cinema with you，because I have seen the film already.我不想和你一起去看電影，由于我已經(jīng)看過那部電影了?，F(xiàn)在完畢時謂語構成：have(has) 過去分詞。第24頁第24頁五、現(xiàn)在完畢時表示從過去某一時刻開始始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài)，常與“since時間點”、“for時間段”及 so far，up to now，till now

14、，in the last/past few years等時間狀語連用。2The film Wolf Warrior has received good reviews since it came out last month.電影戰(zhàn)狼自上個月上映以來取得了許多好評。第25頁第25頁五、現(xiàn)在完畢時慣用現(xiàn)在完畢時句型3It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.這是自從我到這個學校以來所參與過最有教育意義講座。在“It (This) is the best (worst，mo

15、st interesting等)名詞從句”中，從句中謂語用現(xiàn)在完畢時。第26頁第26頁五、現(xiàn)在完畢時慣用現(xiàn)在完畢時句型3It is the third time that you have been late for work this week，isnt it?這已經(jīng)是本周你第三次上班遲到了，不是嗎？在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third.timethat從句”中，that從句中謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完畢時。第27頁第27頁六、過去完畢時過去完畢時構成為haddone。表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完畢動作，即“過去過去”，句中有明顯表示過去參考動作

16、或時間狀語。1By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.杰克從英國回到家時，他兒子已經(jīng)大學畢業(yè)了。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了，由于他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。 第28頁第28頁六、過去完畢時動詞hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan用過去完畢時，表示未實現(xiàn)愿望、打算和意圖

17、。2We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。第29頁第29頁六、過去完畢時慣用過去完畢時句型3Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演講者一結束他發(fā)言，觀眾就不斷地向他提問。“hardly (scarcely).when.，no sooner.than.”句型結構中，主句用過去完畢時，從句用普通過去時，意思為“剛就”。第30頁第30頁六、過去完畢時慣用過去完畢時句型3Tha

18、t was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.這是她第二次看見她祖父了。表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完畢時。 名師指津兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連接時，多用普通過去時。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。第31頁第31頁七、現(xiàn)在完畢進行時現(xiàn)在完畢進行時構成為have/hasbeendoing。表示過去動作連

19、續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結束或有也許延續(xù)下去，常和for，since引導時間狀語連用。1Tom looks tired because he has been cleaning the house since 9 am.湯姆看上去很累，由于他從早晨九點到現(xiàn)在始終在打掃房間了。第32頁第32頁七、現(xiàn)在完畢進行時表示重復發(fā)生動作。2You have been saying you can succeed for five years.五年來你始終在說你能成功。表示某種感情色彩。3Too much has been happening today.今天真是一個多事日子。第33頁第33頁八、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時構

20、成。1情況改變規(guī)則例詞普通情況在詞尾直接加-ingworkworkingstudystudying以不發(fā)音e結尾動詞去e再加-inghavehavingtaketaking以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫該輔音字母再加ingcutcutting beginbeginning以ie結尾動詞變ie為y再加-inglielying diedying現(xiàn)在進行時構成形式為：am/is/arev.ing。v.ing形式改變規(guī)則下列：第34頁第34頁八、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時使用辦法2We are waiting for you at the airport.我們正在機場等你。 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人

21、說話時)正在發(fā)生事情。Mr. Green is writing another novel these days.這些天格林先生在寫另一部小說。(說話時也許并未在寫) 表示當前一段時間正在進行動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。第35頁第35頁八、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時使用辦法2Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越暖和了。表示逐步改變動作，這樣動詞有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。You are always changing your mind.你老是改變主意。 與always，constantly，forever 等詞連用，

22、表示重復發(fā)生動作或連續(xù)存在狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人主觀感情色彩。第36頁第36頁八、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時使用辦法2 名師指津不用進行時動詞 (1)表示事實狀態(tài)動詞和心理狀態(tài)動詞，如 belong，possess，owe，exist，include，contain，continue，know，realize，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，prefer，understand等。This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐。 (2)系動詞，如seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste

23、，get，become，turn等。You seem a little tired.你看上去有點累。第37頁第37頁九、過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行動作或存在狀態(tài)。 慣用時間狀語有：at six this morning，the whole morning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten last evening等。I was making a modal plane at nine yesterday evening.我昨天晚上九點正在制作模型飛機。1第38頁第38頁九、過去進行時過去進行時另一個主要使用辦法是描述一件事發(fā)生背景；一個長動作延

24、續(xù)時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生，慣用于when和 while引導時間狀語從句。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。2第39頁第39頁 動詞語態(tài)第40頁第40頁一、被動語態(tài)構成被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞過去分詞”構成，be動詞有些人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)改變。被動語態(tài)常見時態(tài)改變(以動詞build為例)列表下列： 狀態(tài) 時間普通進行完畢現(xiàn)在am/is/are builtam/is/are being builthas/ have been built過去was/ were builtw

25、as/ were being builthad been built未來shall/will be builtshall/will have been built過去未來should/would be built第41頁第41頁一、部分倒裝The window is dirty. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.窗戶臟了。已經(jīng)好幾周沒擦了。All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.所有雇員都被勉勵在家網(wǎng)上辦公。The number of deaths from heart disease wi

26、ll be reduced greatly if people eat healthily.假如人們能健康地飲食，那么死于心臟病人數(shù)將大大減少。 名師指津含有情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)構成：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞The boxes must be moved into the house before it rains.這些箱子必須在下雨前搬到房間里去。第42頁第42頁二、被動語態(tài)基本使用辦法不知道誰是動作執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作執(zhí)行者。This jacket is made of cotton. 這件上衣是棉料。1為了強調(diào)或突出動作承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested

27、not to touch the exhibits.要求參觀者不可觸摸展品。2第43頁第43頁二、被動語態(tài)基本使用辦法用在科技文獻或新聞報道中。Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.這種小汽車是二十世紀80年代制造。3 名師指津get過去分詞能夠表示被動，此結構比較口語化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治療。第44頁第44頁三、積極形式表示被動意義系動詞(look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear等)形容詞或名詞。The dis

28、h tastes good. 這菜味道不錯。1表示開始、結束、運動動詞(begin, finish, close, open, start, stop, shut，move, run等)。The store closes at 6：00 pm. every day.商店天天下午六點關門。2第45頁第45頁三、積極形式表示被動意義表示主語特點或特性動詞(read, write, sell，wash, wear, cut, lock, act, draw, drive, drink, eat, clean等)。Books of this kind sell well.這類書很暢銷。 The pen

29、 writes smoothly.這支鋼筆寫起來很流暢。3第46頁第46頁 主謂一致第47頁第47頁主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，普通遵循三個原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。做題時還要注意時態(tài)及其它語法及詞義正確性。第48頁第48頁一、語法一致原則動名詞、動詞不定式、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞慣用單數(shù)。1Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽音樂使我在一天忙碌之后得到了放松。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the

30、 world.愛人和被人愛是這個世界上最大幸福。Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.所有事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。第49頁第49頁一、語法一致原則主語后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起短語時，謂語動詞數(shù)要與前面主語保持一致。2Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visi

31、t Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他妻子、女兒們今年夏天將要一起參觀北京。I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我認為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負責任。第50頁第50頁一、語法一致原則由“kind，type，sort，a quantity of，quantities of”等修飾主語，其謂語形式常取決于這些詞單復數(shù)。3This new type of buses is now on show.這種新型公共汽車現(xiàn)在正在展出。With more and more forests being destro

32、yed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.伴隨越來越多森林被砍伐，每年有大量沃土被沖走。第51頁第51頁一、語法一致原則“more than one/many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；each，every，no所修飾名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。4More than

33、one person is involved in this.與此事有牽連不止一個人。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.每個男生和女生都希望參與周日即將舉辦聚會。第52頁第52頁二、意義一致原則集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構成集體一個個組員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見集體名詞有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。1意義一致原則指無論主語形式是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，主語

34、意義決定了謂語動詞單復數(shù)。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個班由25個男生和20個女生構成。The class are doing experiments.全班學生都在做試驗。第53頁第53頁二、意義一致原則the rest of.，the remaining/part.主語，謂語動詞應依據(jù)句子所表示單復數(shù)意義而定。2The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工廠用了這種原材料五分之三

35、，剩余部分節(jié)約出來作為他用。第54頁第54頁二、意義一致原則分數(shù)、百分數(shù)指代或修飾名詞時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于它們所表示意義。3About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.大約50%土地適合種植物。About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.這個都市中大約80%人反對自來水價格上調(diào)。第55頁第55頁二、意義一致原則單復數(shù)同形名詞作主語情況。單復數(shù)同形名詞，如means，works，sheep，deer，crossroads

36、，series等作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)依據(jù)詳細情況而定。4There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同方法。第56頁第56頁二、意義一致原則從句作主語情況。從句作主語時，謂語動詞普通用單數(shù)形式，但what引導從句作主語時，謂語動詞要依據(jù)從句意義決定。5That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.杰克出國了，這使我們都很驚訝。What he says and acts do not agree.他言行不一致。(指他說話和他做事，是復數(shù)概念)第57頁第

37、57頁三、就近一致原則由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近主語在單復數(shù)上保持一致。1Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你一名學生應當出席明天會議。第58頁第58頁三、就近一致原則由there，here引起主語不止一個時，謂語動詞數(shù)通常和最鄰近主語保持一致。2There is a dog and two cats at the door.門口有一條狗和兩只貓。第59頁第5

38、9頁三、就近一致原則分數(shù)、百分數(shù)指代或修飾名詞時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于它們所表示意義。3The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工廠用了這種原材料五分之三，剩余部分節(jié)約出來作為他用。第60頁第60頁第61頁第61頁. 單句語法填空1Later, engineers _ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as

39、 the Tube.(全國卷)2When fat and salt _ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(全國卷)3Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.(全國卷)4Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese c

40、haracters.(全國卷)5Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table.(全國卷) managed are removed is be made were 第62頁第62頁. 單句語法填空6Mr. Green as well as his children _ (go) to the park every Sunday.7What her father left her _ (be) only some books.8My hobb

41、y is widespread，which _ (include)drawing，collecting stamps and so on.9Now Professor Smith，along with his assistants， _ (be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.10Between the two rows of trees _ (stand) the teaching building. goes are includes is stands 第63頁第63頁. 單句語法填空11I _ (in

42、tend)to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.12The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ (reward) with success in the end.13This is because two thirds of the earths surface _ (be) made up of vast oceans.14Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the

43、women who _ (wear) evening dress.15Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tired of having one examination after another. had intended will be rewarded is wears are 第64頁第64頁. 單句語法填空16We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.17If it _ (turn) cold again，they

44、ll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.18It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend) since I came to this school.19It _ (rain)when they left the station.20In the last few years，China _ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.were told turns have attended was r

45、aining has made 第65頁第65頁. 單句改錯1I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.(全國卷)2About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(全國卷)3Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and hig

46、h quality oil are using for cooking.(全國卷) 4A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(全國卷)5Every means have been considered but none is proper.havetakenusedtold has 第66頁第66頁. 單句改錯6Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion. 7Tom as well as two of his

47、 friends were invited to the party yesterday. 8One day I saw an advertisement in a local newspaper. I ring up the company，and I was given the job immediately. 9The answer sheet must cut from the newspaper and sent to China Daily before the deadline. 10In the past two and a half years，our school had

48、organized many activities. has was rang be has 第67頁第67頁. 翻譯句子1早睡早起是一個好習慣。2我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。3到當前為止，不止一名學生已經(jīng)被錄用到這家具樂部。4電話鈴響時我正好要上床睡覺。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.More than one student has been admitted to the club so far.I wa

49、s about to go to bed when the phone rang.第68頁第68頁. 翻譯句子5那是他第三次告訴我要注意書寫。6在過去十年里，我們都市里蓋起了許多高樓大廈。7即使明天下雨，我們也不會改變計劃。8到現(xiàn)在為止，兩條鐵路建筑工作已完畢。It was the third time that he had told me to pay attention to my handwriting.In the past ten years，many tall buildings have been built in our city. We wont change our pl

50、an even if it rains tomorrow.The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed by now.第69頁第69頁. 語法填空 Our sense of hearing is one of the most important means of knowing what is going on around us. We 1._ (warn) of danger by sounds. The sounds of music please us. Sound has a waste product，toonoise. Scientists，for several years，have been studying how noise