現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀(5)professions-for-women課件

1、 professions for womenVirginia Woolf講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Womens issue all over the world, women fight for equal rights. Do you think it necessary to do the same in china ?Throughout the history, does chinese women have a high status?With your experiences from your family and other families around you, who

2、se, husbands or wifes opinions are likely to prevail ?In which aspects are men and women are equal? In which are not ?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院The speech by WoolfAccording to woolf, what are the two problems that prohibit her from pursuing her career as a writer?Do you think Chinese career women share the sam

3、e problem?What is the Angel in the House like? Can you find the her in the Chinese family?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Research topicChinese womens place at homeVillage women in chinaChinese women in workplaceChinese girl in the class講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Reference readingI want a wife by Judy Syfers,1971.X: A Fabulous

4、Childs Story - by Lois Gould 1972A room of ones own by Virginia Woolf講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Virginia Woolf18821941, English novelist and essayist; A successful innovator in the form of the novel, she is considered a significant force in 20th-century fiction.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院In 1912 she married Leonard Woolf,

5、a critic and writer on economics, with whom she set up the Hogarth Press in 1917. Their home became a gathering place for a circle of artists, critics, and writers known as the Bloomsbury group. As a novelist Woolfs primary concern was to represent the flow of ordinary experience. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Vir

6、ginias worksMrs Dalloway The story is about a day in the life of a London society hostess, Clarissa, whos preparing for a party. The themes she explores are the nature of personal identity, memory and consciousness, the passage of time, and the tensions between the forces of Life and Death. She give

7、s a very lyrical response to the fundamental question, What is it like to be alive? The novel also features her rich expression of the interior monologue and offers a subtle critique of society recovering in the aftermath of the first world war. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 the HoursThe Hours is an amazingly suc

8、cessful film adaptation of Michael Cunninghams fictional take on Mrs Dalloway. Fragments of Woolfs biography are interwoven with stories from 1950s small town America, and contemporary New York. Its not a direct adaptation but a stunning interpretation of Woolf and her world, her themes, and even he

9、r narrative techniques. Nicole Kidman creates a very sympathetic portrayal of Virginia, Julian Moore glues the plot together with a magnificent performance as a woman at the end of her tether, and Meryl Streep is a slightly over-the-top but acceptable modern Clarissa. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院OrlandoTo the Li

10、ght Housethe waves講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Questions on the Guide to ReadingWhats Woolfs innovation in novel writing?What are the two obstacles threatening Woolfs writing career?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Professions for womenA paper read to the Womens Service League in 1931.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Paragraph 1 and 2According to W

11、oolf, are there many peculiar experiences in the profession of literature for women? Why/why not?what kind of occupation is writing according to her?What is “the reason why women have succeeded as writers before they have succeeded in the other professions”What did Woolf buy with her first reward fr

12、om writing?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院there were very few material obstacles in my wayWhat did she suggest with this statement?With the word “material”, she suggested that there are other obstacles in her way, probably obstacles opposed to material, that is, obstacles of a spiritual, mental or psychological nat

13、ure. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Women writers before Woolf Fanny Burney (1752 - 1840) Burneys four novels have earned her favorable comparisons to other giants of the genre-Austen, Richardson, Dickens-and Virginia Woolfs declaration that she is the mother of English fiction.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Aphra Behn, (1640-1689

14、) perhaps the first professional English woman writer and playwrightAphra Behns influence was later applauded by Virginia Woolf in A Room of Ones Own, but during her own time she was suspected of plagiarism and accused of lewdness because of her gender. Buried in Westminster Abbey講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Mart

15、ineau, Harriet (1802-1876),English writer, whose writings, characterized by advanced views on social, economic, and religious questions, caused considerable controversy in her time. Illustrations of Political Economy (1832-1834), Poor Laws and Paupers (1833), and Illustrations of Taxation (1834)Soci

16、ety in America (1837), Eastern Life, Present and Past (1848), Letters on the Laws of Mans Nature and Development (1851)a fervent abolitionist講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Austen, Jane (1775-1817)English novelist, noted for her witty studies of early-19th-century English society. With meticulous detail, Austen port

17、rayed the quiet, day-to-day life of members of the upper middle class. Her works combine romantic comedy with social satire and psychological insight. Pride and prejudice, Sense and Sensibility Emma講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Eliot, George (1819-1880),pseudonym of Mary Ann or Marian Evans, English novelist, whos

18、e books, with their profound feeling and accurate portrayals of simple lives, give her a place in the first rank of 19th-century English writers. Her fame was international, and her work greatly influenced the development of French naturalism.Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), and Silas

19、 Marner (1861).講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Paragraph 3 killing the angel in the houseWas Woolfs first article easy to write?What did she have to do battle with during the writing process?What is the Angel in the House like?What did the author do with the angel?Was the angel in the house easy to kill?Do Chinese w

20、omen have to do the same battle.?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院The phantomThis word is well chosen for the discourse. It has a literary meaning and a figurative meaning. The literary meaning: something that seems to appear to the sight but has no physical existence, a specterThe figurative meaning: an apparition,

21、a vision, something feared or dread, something that exists only in the mind , an illusion, any mental image or representationBoth meanings suits the context here. literarily, the phantom appears to the sight in the form of an angel; and figuratively, it is a mental representation of the stereotyped

22、Victorian woman.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院The angel in the houseEmily Aususte Patmore, The Angel in the HouseOil Painting by John Brett, B. A. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院This four-part domestic epic celebrating married love as the highest form of love between a man and a woman was published over eight years, from 1854-186

23、2. Though critics disparaged its saccharine sentimentality, it was a great favorite with the reading public, and was the most popular poem of its time. Perhaps more known than read, the poem contributed to Victorian rhetoric about a womans proper role and the cult of domesticity. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Vict

24、orian era for much of this century the term Victorian, which literally describes things and events in the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901), conveyed connotations of prudish, repressed, and old fashioned. Although such associations have some basis in fact, they do not adequately indicate the natur

25、e of this complex, paradoxical age that was a second English Renaissance. Victorian England saw great expansion of wealth, power, and culture. As embodied by the monarchy, this era was represented by such 19th-century ideals as devotion to family life, public and private responsibility, and obedienc

26、e to the law.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院If there is draught, she sat in it Draught means a current of air in a room.As the English weather is typically chilly, it is not pleasant to sit in the draught. The most comfortable place in an english house is by the fireplace.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院She was so constituted that

27、she never had a mind or wish of her own.Constituted?Do not mean physically she is built that way, but the traditional values that were so deeply planted in her mind deprived her a mind (independent opinions) of her own.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Above allI need not say it she was pure.Of all the qualities, puri

28、ty was the most important one. Pure: virgin, chaste, virtuous講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院In those daysthe last days of Queen Victoriaevery house had its angel.The meaning of this sentence can be interpreted on two levels.On the first level: in the last day of Queen Victoria, every house had a woman like that, wh

29、o was sympathetic, charming, unselfish, charming and above all pure. On a deeper level, in the last period of the reign of Queen Victoria, the belief that every woman should have the above qualities, and above all, must be pure.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Be sympathetic; be tender;be pure.These words said by the

30、 Angel in the house reflect the traditional Victorian values about gender roles. As soon as the author began to write her review, she seemed to hear a voice telling her what to do.To be sympathetic: to understand the mind of men and not to disagree with themTo be tender: no be too harsh in her criti

31、cismTo flatter: to praise the book in an insincere way in order to please the reading publicTo deceive indicates that she could not write what she really thought; she would have to tell lies instead of telling the truth.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院All the arts and wiles of our sexArts and wiles: the two words me

32、ans the same thing “ the sly and cunning tricks”. The author is urged to use the tricks of the female sex because a woman has to do so in order to be successful in a men-dominated profession講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Had I not killed her she would have killed me. She would have plucked the heart out of my writi

33、ng.To kill the angel : to get rid of those Victorian attitudes and values completelyTo pluck the heart out of my writing: the Victorian conventions of being a woman will take the essence of her writing, which is, as explained in the next sentence, having a mind of your own, expressing what you think

34、 to be the truth about human relations, morality, and sex.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院She died hard.She didnt die easily. She had to be killed.the implied meaning is that one had to fight against the Victorian traditions bravely and resolutely in order to get rid of them.Words and expressionsPhantomVictorianto s

35、ympathizeCreditDirectlyTo pluckTo conciliateDispatch/despatchBefall Do battle withTo call afterArts and wilesTo make as if to do somethingTo turn uponTo catch someone by the throatTo have someone upBe bound to講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Para 4 what is a woman?She had rid of herself of falsehoodShe had got rid of

36、 those wrong ideas and stopped telling lies.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院I mean, what is a woman?I mean, what is the identity of a woman? The seemingly simple question of what is a woman addressed the very basic question about the identity and the role of a woman in society. When traditional values are criticized

37、, it takes time for new values to be shaped and accepted. It is a long process.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院I do not believe that anybody can know until human skill.I believe that to know what is a woman, we women have to participate in all the arts and professions open to human knowledge and understanding and to

38、 give expressions open to human knowledge and understanding and to give expressions to our feelings in creative forms.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Express herself: to express oneself means to state ones thoughts; to give expressions to ones feelings, imagination, etc, in creative or artistic activityHuman skill:

39、here, “skill” means knowledge, understanding, judgment.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Para 5 men in women writers mindwhy did Woolf want to become a novelist?What is a novelists chief desire?Why does a novelist want life to proceed with the utmost quiet and regularity? Why does he want to do the same thins day afte

40、r day and month after month?According to woolf, what rouses a woman writer from her trance, her imagination?Do men allow women writer to talk about their body and passion?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院The Mind as an Iceberg Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, compared the human mind to an

41、iceberg. The tip above the water represents consciousness, and the vast region below the surface symbolizes the unconscious mind. Of Freuds three basic personality structuresid, ego, and superegoonly the id is totally unconscious.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Id , ego, superego3 internal forces that govern a perso

42、ns psychic life:The Id(本我）：the instinctual force of lifeunconscious, uncontrollable, and isolatedThe Ego(自我）：the external force that has contact with the real world;The superego(超我）： the governing force, or maral conscience, that seeks to control and direct the ego into socially acceptable patterns

43、of behavior.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院A novelists chief desire is to be as unconscious as possible?Unconscious? First level of interpretation: Freudian concept, which reflect the ancient angers and anxietiesSecond level: dissatisfied with Henry James realistic ideas on fiction in “ the Art of Fiction”, she exp

44、lored the psychological nature of consciousness.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院In her psychological novels, the emphasis is not on plot or action but on the psychological realm occupied by her characters. For woolf, the description of the immediate flow of her characters thoughts and their feelings of the moment wa

45、s more important than the realistic depiction of their physical behavior. Basically she conceives of the imagination as shy and hidden so that the writer can only draw the deepest inspiration by suspending everyday rational consciousness in order to liberate an imaginative expression of their deepes

46、t creativity. So the “unconscious” state would allow her to bring her imagination into the fullest play, to see and express her ralit in stream of consciousness, fragmentation, or to develop her feminine writing. 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院He wants his life proceed with the utmost quiet and regularitythat very

47、shy and illusive spirit, the imagination.In the Freudian sense, woolf is asking that the ego manage the external factors of her life-the routine, the predictable social events, etc.-so that the id (or unconscious) would be unrestrained. Therefore, in order not be distracted from her creative work of

48、 writing, a writer should reduce his everyday life to unchanging routine to avoid paying much attention to the people or the events.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院The illusion in which he is livingThe illusion: the fictional world a write is creating in words and living in his imagination.The fictional world: the d

49、eveloping of the unconscious flow of the narrative, of the expression.If the author is deeply involved in listening to the unconscious and responding to it through language-new words and sentences, new images and characters-he does not want the routine of this ordinary life to interfere, and yet he

50、needs these routines to maintain his life.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院She was letting her imagination sweep uncheckedour unconscious being.She was letting her imagination explore freely every corner of her inner world that lies hidden in the deepest parts of our unconscious existence.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Something abo

51、ut the bodytelling the truth about my own experiences as a bodyLike D.H. Lawrence, woolf wants to talk about a womans sense of her sexuality.However, she realized killing the angel in the house help clear the decks for inner exploration, but it does not guarantee access to the somatic dimension of w

52、omanhood, which had been repressed in the process socialization.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院She was not satisfied with the acknowledgement that she as woman has a body, which is different from that of a man; she wants to find an imaginative means( in words, in fiction) whereby that body can express itself.Orland

53、o: the main character Orlando, begins as a young Elizabethan nobleman and ends, three hundred years later, as a contemporary woman. The novel reflects the authors idea of androgyny: being both male and female in one, a blend of male and female characteristics and roles.Words and expressionsTo rid on

54、eself ofIn the process ofTo give awayTo induce in oneself sthLethargyTo disquietTo rouseto speak without figurebe impeded by/be hindered byseverity 講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Para 6 Why is the second obstacle more difficult to solve?講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Outwardly Vs inwardlyThe author is making contrast between the o

55、utward and the inward. Outward: apparent, observable, and visible , inward: on the inside of, or belonging to the inner nature f a person, mental and spiritual.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Para 7 a room of ones ownA room of ones own in the house: the 3rd metaphor woolf uses in this speech.a room: not only space f

56、or living, bt also space for creative activity. Here ,it is compared to freedom.The house: the patriarchal societythrough fighting against the angel in the house, through great labor and effort, some women have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by m

57、en.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院But this freedom is only beginningit has to be shared.For the first time in history, women earn their rent of their house. But this freedom is only beginning and there is still long way to go. For when the old ideas , attitudes and values have been done away with, a void is left. And that void has to be filled with new ideas, attitudes and values.講課人：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院With whom are you going to share it, on what termsHere, woolf talks the new relationship between women and men. On what terms: on what conditions, agreement do you share your life with