英語(yǔ)句子成分英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解總結(jié)練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子構(gòu)造解說(shuō)及練習(xí)句子成分意義充任詞類例句主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么名，代，數(shù)，不定WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddle事式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或School.句子謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.么樣賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)BothofuslikeEnglish.表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一同組成謂同主語(yǔ)Herfatherisachemist.語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.副

2、，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句Heworksveryhard.示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地址，原子TheyheldapartyinHollywood.因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等賓語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞Shealwayskeepsthehouse補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)等clean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)協(xié)助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可以無(wú)！簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Sheishappy主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)ShegaveJohnabookShecame.ShelikesEnglish.Sheboughtabookfo

3、rme.主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)ShemakeshermotherangryTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.主謂賓名代動(dòng)詞名代we-saw-you.we-did-thework.主系表名代系動(dòng)詞形容次名詞代詞youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.同樣點(diǎn)都三部分，主語(yǔ)也同樣不一樣動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)同樣，否認(rèn)式不一樣動(dòng)詞加助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞不用表語(yǔ)能夠是形容詞，賓語(yǔ)不可以只有賓語(yǔ)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2、句子成分：英語(yǔ)句子成分分為七種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1、主語(yǔ)是句子所要說(shuō)的人或事物,回答是“誰(shuí)”或許

4、“什么”。往常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。如：ImMissGreen(.我是格林小姐)2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每日打掃房間)3、表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞以后,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特點(diǎn),回答是“什么”或許“怎么樣”。往常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)4、賓語(yǔ)表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。往常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼這個(gè)詞)有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ),指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)。間接

5、賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他給我寫(xiě)了一封信)有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語(yǔ)前組成短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)后邊,來(lái)重申間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他給我寫(xiě)了一封信)5、定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞,往常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)當(dāng)。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是個(gè)大城市)6、狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,往常由副詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么,往常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充任。Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他們往常讓教室保持潔凈)/

6、Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他經(jīng)常幫我做功課)/TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語(yǔ))8、同位語(yǔ)往常緊跟在名詞、代詞后邊,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的狀況。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom(你的同學(xué)湯姆在哪里)主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式

7、）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語(yǔ)從句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真實(shí)主語(yǔ)）(一）指出以下句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.謂語(yǔ)（pr

8、edicate）：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳說(shuō)，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或許動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)當(dāng)，放在主語(yǔ)的后邊。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisaf

9、ternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞以后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特點(diǎn)。Heisateacher.（名詞）Youdontlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語(yǔ))Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容詞化的分詞）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語(yǔ)從句）常有連系動(dòng)詞“存在”類:表示存在或擁

10、有某種特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài).這種連系動(dòng)詞重申“存在”。常有的有:be(是),look(看起來(lái)),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))等。比如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“連續(xù)”類:表示某種狀況或狀態(tài)的連續(xù)。這種連系動(dòng)詞重申“連續(xù)”。常有的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(連續(xù)、依舊),stand(處于某狀況或情況)等。比如:Whydontyouputthemeatinthef

11、ridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.Itsalreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.Whatsthematter3.變“化”類:表示由一種狀況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種狀況或狀態(tài)。這種連系動(dòng)詞重申“變化”后的狀況或狀態(tài).常有的有:become(變?yōu)?,turn(變?yōu)?,grow(變得),get(變得)等。比如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.(三)挑出以下句中的表語(yǔ)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.Whyisheworriedabou

12、tJimTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.tiredworriedyellowinterestedfirst賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或許代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。放在及物動(dòng)詞或許介詞以后。如：IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwh

13、athesaid（賓語(yǔ)從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語(yǔ)-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney(四)挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastc

14、lassSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomeworkEnglishyourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的增補(bǔ)，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere（名.詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Dontlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhi

15、mtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（此刻分詞）Illhavemybikerepaired.（過(guò)去分詞）（省to不定式）擴(kuò)展：主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的增補(bǔ)。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(五)挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotakethebo

16、youtofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnowtoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-roomtotaketheboyoutofschoolLilygetonthebusplayingfootballontheplayground劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughta

17、newbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinh

18、erarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（此刻分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過(guò)去分詞）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語(yǔ)從句）(六)挑出以下句中的定語(yǔ)TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.WhatisyourgivennameOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswast

19、ryingtosleep.familygiventhirdsomedownstairs7.狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地址、原由、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和退步。（以下例句按上述次序擺列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuc

20、h.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(七)挑出以下句中的狀語(yǔ)Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.onthefaceEverynightwhenhewaselevenunderherarmfastWiththemedicinebox八、同位語(yǔ)當(dāng)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)詞在前，后邊的詞、詞組或許句子是在解說(shuō)前者時(shí)，并且二者的語(yǔ)法功能同樣，后者就是前者的同位語(yǔ)。Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我們的英語(yǔ)老師布萊克先生是個(gè)優(yōu)異的網(wǎng)球手。Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球-他獨(dú)