考研英語(一)真題完好版

1、考研英語(一)真題完好版不知道你是不是還在為找不到考研的英語真題而憂愁，我來幫助你。下面是我整理的2021考研英語一真題和答案，希望對大家有幫助。2021年考研英語(一)真題完好版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%o

2、fgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has_(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)_1,932uniquesubjectswhich_(4)_pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%maysee

3、m_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin.Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsi

4、nsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_functionalKinshipofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimil

5、argenesseemtobeevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeoples_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfroma

6、populationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.1.AwhenBwhyChowDwhat2.AdefendedBconcludedCwithdrawnDadvised3.AforBwithConDby4.AcomparedBsoughtCseparatedDconnected5.AtestsBobjectsCslesDexles6.AinsignificantBunexpectedCunbelievableD

7、incredible7.AvisitBmissCseekDknow8.AresembleBinfluenceCfavorDsurpass9.AagainBalsoCinsteadDthus10.AMeanwhileBFurthermoreCLikewiseDPerhaps11.AaboutBtoCfromDlike12.AdriveBobserveCconfuseDlimit13.AaccordingtoBratherthanCregardlessofDalongwith14.AchancesBresponsesCmissionsDbenefits15.AlaterBslowerCfaster

8、Dearlier16.AforecastBrememberCunderstandDexpress17.AunpredictableBcontributoryCcontrollableDdisruptive18.AendeavorBdecisionCarrangementDtendency19.ApoliticalBreligiousCethnicDeconomic20.AseeBshowCproveDtellSectionIIReadingComprehensionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfour

9、texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doe

10、stheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,mon

11、archscanriseabovemerepoliticsandembodyaspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).Butunliketheirabsolutis

12、tcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistoryandsometimesthewaytheybehavetodayembodiesoutdat

13、edandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidethei

14、roldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome

15、,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexle.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchiesha

16、velargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaserviceasnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain Ausedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport BwasunpopularamongE

17、uropeanroyals Ccasedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals Dendedhisreigninembarrassment22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly Aowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus Btoachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality Ctogivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto Dduetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment23.Whi

18、chofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4? AAristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth BTheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies CThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies DThenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges24.TheBritishroyalshavemosttofearbecauseCharles Atakesaroughlineonpolitica

19、lissues Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised Ctakesrepublicansashispotentialallies Dfailstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext? ACarlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined BCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone CCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs DCharles,SlowtoReacttotheCom

20、ingThreatsTEXT2JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumpt

21、ionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejustic

22、ecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothr

23、oughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorations

24、omuchtheeasier.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnec

25、essityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto Asearchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant. Bchecksuspectsph

26、onecontentswithoutbeingauthorized. Cpreventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents. Dprohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof Atolerance. Bindifference. Cdisapproval. Dcautiousness.28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscomparableto

27、Agettingintoonesresidence. Bhandingoneshistoricalrecords. Cscanningonescorrespondences. Dgoingthroughoneswallet.29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat Aprinciplesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed. Bthecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction. Cphonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation. Dcitizenspriva

28、cyisnoteffectiveprotected.30.OrinKerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat (A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly. (B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution. (C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution. (D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.Text3Thejourn

29、alScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.Readersmusthavec

30、onfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournalsinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEdit

31、orsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanus.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:ThecreationofthestatisticsboardwasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofSciences

32、overalldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardtoplayprimarilyanadvisoryrole.HeagreedtojoinbecausehefoundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelyt

33、ohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.31、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat AScienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess. Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalc

34、hecks. Cfewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis. Dlackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.32、Thephraseflaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto Afound. Brevised. Cmarked Dstored33、GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay Aposeathreattoallitspeers Bmeetwithstrongoppositio

35、n CincreaseSciencescirculation. Dsetanexleforotherjournals34、DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnowA.addstoresearchersworklosd.B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStati

36、sticsinPapersB.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectC.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditorsDesksD.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText4Twoyearsago,RupertMurdochsdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeoftheunsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacol

37、lectiveacceptancethattheonlysortingmechanisminsocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.Butitsus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:Itsincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostd

38、angerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludesfindingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspirin

39、gtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamechargethewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonfo

40、rphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatshe

41、neverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intodaysworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechan

42、ismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwa

43、snottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructionsnorreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.36.Accordignt

44、othefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby (A)theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism. (B)companiesfinanciallossduetoimmoralpractices (C)governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues. (D)thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that (A)GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehacking

45、asacrime. (B)morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking. (C)AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge. (D)phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.38.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrookssdefence (A)revealedacunningpersonality. (B)centeredontrivialissues. (C)washardlyconvincing. (D)waspartofaco

46、nspiracy.39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows (A)generallydistortedvalues. (B)unfairwealthdistribution. (C)amarginalizedlifestyle. (D)arigidmoralcode.40Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph? (A)Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance. (B)Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsre

47、porting. (C)Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper. (D)Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoe

48、syourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourexplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar(41)_youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheut

49、terance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementinferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandcues

50、(42)_Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedortruemeaningthatcanbereadoffandclockedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)_Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare,(44)_Thisdoesnt,how

51、ever,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscuss

52、ionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)_suchdimensionsofreadsuggest-asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo-thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesntthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,m

53、oreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment. AArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondi

54、nawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom. BFactorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertainint

55、erpretationbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers. CIfyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontest.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem. DIneffect,youtrytoreconstructtheli

56、kelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended. EYoumakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetestmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidityinferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

57、FInplays，novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthorsownthoughts. GRather,weascribemeaningstotestonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatextsformals

58、tructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.SectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Wit

59、hinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigrationoneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistorysweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.47)

60、TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,German