《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》AmericanSocialServices課件

1、1Social Services(US)1Social Services(US)Objectives Have a general knowledge about the social security in the United States Be informed of public welfare programs in the United States Be acquainted with charitable voluntary organizations in the United States Understand the health care services in the

2、 United States Be familiar with the housing issues in the United States2Objectives Have a general knowContents3II. Voluntary servicesI. Public social servicesIV. Housing III. Health care services Contents3II. Voluntary serviceTwo Opposite TraditionsIndividualism and IndepedenceFrontier Spirit and Se

3、lf-reliant frontiersmanLaissez faire（自由放任）: An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws. Two Opposite TraditionsIndividInterdependencePioneer community

4、（開(kāi)拓者社區(qū)）: mutual dependenceInterdependent and caring communityInterdependenceTwo Kinds of social servicesContributory social security system（貢獻(xiàn)性社會(huì)保障制度）Welfare system（福利制度）Background of Social Services：Great Depression in the 1930s and the Social Security Act in 1935I.Public Social ServicesTwo Kinds o

5、f social servicesCoThe basic foundations of the social welfare system were laid down during the administration Franklin D Roosevelt during the the Great Depression of the 1930s . The most important legislation was the Social Security Act (社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)法）.The basic foundations of the sSocial Security ActSocia

6、l Insurance a. Old-Age and Diability Insurance b. Medicare c. Unemployment Compensation 2. Welfare problems a. AFDC b. SSI c. General assistance d. “In kind” BenefitSocial Security ActSocial Ins1.Social Security Coverage of social security systemthe old age, survivors, disability, and health insuran

7、ce programMedicare（醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度/老年醫(yī)療保健制度）Unemployment compensationFinancial sourcetax paid by both employers and unions tax paid by workers1.Social Security Coverage of Old-Age Benefit for the retired 老年退休福利Managed by the federal government directly 由聯(lián)邦政府直接管理Begin from 65 years old 從65歲開(kāi)始可以退休并獲得退休金In 1983

8、, age was raised to 66 by 2009 and to 67 by 2027 1983年，政府把退休年齡從2009年起改為66歲，2027年起改為67歲。Old-Age Benefit for the retireMedicare醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)Medicare is the national health insurance program for people over 65 year old .The program provides hospital and medical insurance for people over the age 65 and people un

9、der 65 with disability.The fund for Medicare comes from social security fund, monthly payments from participants and general revenues of the federal government.Medicare醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)Medicare is the naUnemployment Compensation失業(yè)補(bǔ)償 It provides a safety net for a large number of people against economic disasters

10、.Unemployment Compensation失業(yè)補(bǔ)償2.Welfare ProgrammeNature: Aid to the needy and the poorTypesfinancial assistance job trainingrehabilitation（康復(fù)）health carehousingfood stamps(食物券）2.Welfare ProgrammeNature: AidMain federal welfare programs Medicaid（公共醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助制度）AFDC / 撫養(yǎng)未成年子女家庭補(bǔ)助)Food stamp（食物劵）：A stamp or

11、coupon, issued by the government to persons with low incomes, that can be redeemed for food at stores.General Assistance（一般救助 ）Supplementary Security Income (SSI)(補(bǔ)充保障收入）Main federal welfare programs AFDC AFDC is financed by both national and state governments, but administrated by state and local g

12、overnments. Eligibility standards and payment amounts are set by the states which vary greatly from state to states. AFDC was originally to provide financial assistance to poor children whose fathers had died.AFDC是由國(guó)家和州政府財(cái)政上支持，但由州和地方政府管理的。資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和付款數(shù)額由州來(lái)定，不同州都不同。AFDC最初是提供財(cái)政援助給那些父親去世的孩子的。 AFDC AFDC is f

13、inanced by bToday, however, about 90% of the AFDC payments have gone to single-parent families in which the living father is divorced, separated from or has never married the mother. A single-parent family headed by the father can also qualify for the aid.然而今天，90% AFDC的錢支付給那些父母離婚、分居或從未結(jié)婚的單親家庭。一個(gè)由父親支

14、撐的單親家庭也可以申請(qǐng)?jiān)?。Today, however, about 90% of tAFDC在美國(guó)是最昂貴也最具爭(zhēng)議性的項(xiàng)目。批評(píng)者稱，AFDC已經(jīng)引起了許多社會(huì)問(wèn)題。最重要的批評(píng)是，它鼓勵(lì)青年不工作、未婚婦女懷孕，或?qū)е禄橐銎屏?。有些人有意識(shí)地不結(jié)婚，以便申請(qǐng)AFDC援助.AFDC is the most costly and most controversial program in the United States. Critics claim that AFDC has caused a lot of social problems. The most important cri

15、ticism is that it encourages young, non-working, and unmarried women to get pregnant, or causes marriages to break up. Some people consciously avoid marriage in order to qualify for AFDC payments.AFDC在美國(guó)是最昂貴也最具爭(zhēng)議性的項(xiàng)目。批評(píng)者稱，AFDCSource of the Cost of welfare programs: shared by federal, state and local

16、 governmentsDifference in welfare programs between states: many in the northern states, but fewer in the southern states.Source of the Cost of welfare II.Voluntary ServicesNature of voluntary serviceProvide help to people in need of assistanceNon-governmental and non-profit makingKinds of voluntary

17、organizations in terms of the number of servicesSingle-issue-oriented voluntary organizationsDiversified-service-oriented organizationsII.Voluntary ServicesNature ofKinds of voluntary services in terms of the nature of organizationsReligious organizations: Covenant Houses （圣約家園）Private foundations (

18、charity organizations): the Rockefeller Foundation（洛克菲勒基金）, the Ford Foundation（福特基金）, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation（蓋茨夫婦基金）Unpaid volunteersKinds of voluntary services in2.3_1Health insurance coverageCompanies and trade unions may also be involved in insurance schemes as part of efforts to pr

19、otect employees or union members against the cost of health treatment and loss of income in case workers fall ill.1. Private sectorIII. Health Care Services2.3_1Health insurance coverage2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare (醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)) is a social insurance program administered by the United States government,

20、providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over; to those who are under 65 and are permanently physically disabled or who have a congenital physical disability; or to those who meet other special criteria. Medicaid (醫(yī)療保健) is the United States health program for people and fami

21、lies with low incomes and resources. 2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare2.3_2Medicare expenditure by states2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare expenditure by sIV. HousingPercentage of house-owndership: 70%Significance: a sense of possession, material satisfaction, personal identity, individual lifestyleSocial

22、 and cultural implications of home-ownership: symbol of social and economic mobility; part of American DreamIV. HousingPercentage of houseWays to buy a house: borrow money from a bank with mortgageProblems with housing: foreclosure（喪失贖回抵押權(quán)）Kinds of housingHouse: single-family dwelling（單門獨(dú)戶別墅式，木式，不超過(guò)

23、三層，外涂有油漆）apartment complex / condominium（公寓大樓）Ways to buy a house: borrow mo1. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT _. A. OASDHI B. Medicare C. Medicaid D. Unemployment Compensation 3_2.11. The American social securit2. Americans may start receiving their pensio

24、ns at the age of _. A. 55 B. 60 C. 65 D. 70 3_2.22. Americans may start receivi3. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT _. A. Medicaid B. AFDC C. Food Stamps D. Medicare3_2.33. The main federal welfare pr4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization? A. NCH. B. CWLA. C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation. 3_2.44. Which of the following belo5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity? A. Rockefeller Foundation. B. Ford Foundation. C. Buffett Foundation. D. Bill & Meli