英語美文翻譯

1、文檔編碼 : CC6A3M4Q7R8 HE9A10E9H2U2 ZW5D6S7K8R10The Aim of a University Education 高校訓(xùn)練的目的By John Henry Newman 約翰 亨利 紐曼 If then a practical end must be assigned to a University course, I say it is that of training good members of society. Its art is the art of social life, and its end is fitness for the

2、world. It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand, nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other. Works, indeed, of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule. 高校訓(xùn)練的目的高校訓(xùn)練的目的高校訓(xùn)練的目的 假如確定要賜予高校訓(xùn)練一個(gè)切實(shí)的 目的, 我的主見是培養(yǎng)社會(huì)的好公民；高校訓(xùn)練的藝術(shù)就是社會(huì)生活的藝術(shù),其目的就是使 人適應(yīng)這個(gè)世界；高校

3、訓(xùn)練一方面既不應(yīng)把著眼點(diǎn)局限于某些特定的職業(yè)上,另一方面也 不應(yīng)是造就英雄,培養(yǎng)天才；事實(shí)上,天才偉業(yè)無法人為造就,英雄的思想亦如天馬行空；A University is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors, of founders of schools, leaders of colonies, or conquerors of nations. It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons, of Napoleons or Washingtons, of Ra

4、phaels or Shakespeares, though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precincts. Nor is it content on the other hand with forming the critic or the experimentalist, the economist or the engineer, though such too it includes within its scope. 高校不是詩人、 不朽作家和學(xué)派創(chuàng)立者的產(chǎn)生地,也不是殖民地頭領(lǐng)或外族

5、戰(zhàn)勝者的培 訓(xùn)所；高校并不承諾要造就一批亞里士多德、牛頓、拿破倉、華盛頓、拉斐爾、莎士比亞式 的巨人,盡管這些大自然的杰作此前曾在高校的院墻中顯現(xiàn)過；此外,高校也不應(yīng)中意于 培養(yǎng)批判家、 試驗(yàn)人員、 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和工程師, 盡管這些人才的培養(yǎng)也在高校訓(xùn)練的范疇之內(nèi)；But a University training is the great but ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public min

6、d, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilitating the exercise of political power, and refining the intercourse of private life. 高校訓(xùn)練是一條通向宏大而平凡的目標(biāo)的宏大

7、而平凡的途徑；高校訓(xùn)練旨在提高社會(huì)的 學(xué)問氛圍, 培養(yǎng)國民的公心,凈化國民的樂趣,為浮躁的公眾供應(yīng)真正的公理,為公眾的理想供應(yīng)確定的目標(biāo),擴(kuò)大時(shí)代的思想庫并注入冷靜的摸索,促進(jìn)政治權(quán)力的行使,提高人際溝通的質(zhì)量；It is the education that gives a man a clear, conscious view of his won opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in urging them. It teache

8、s him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility. It shows him how to accommodate himself to others, ho

9、w to throw himself into their state of mind, how to bring before them his own, how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them. 高校訓(xùn)練應(yīng)讓人清醒地認(rèn)知自己的觀點(diǎn)和判定,并正確地發(fā)揮,雄辯地闡述,有力地 強(qiáng)調(diào)；高校訓(xùn)練應(yīng)教會(huì)人們看清事物的真實(shí)面目并直接抓住要害,教會(huì)人們解開思想的韁結(jié),發(fā)覺其中的詭辯之處,舍棄其中的不相關(guān)之處；高校訓(xùn)練使人做好預(yù)備,牢靠地勝任任 何職位,輕松自如地把握任何科

10、目；高校訓(xùn)練教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)他人,如何設(shè)身處地為人 著想,如何把自己的想法轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給他人,如何影響他人,如何相互懂得、相互寬容；Of Study 論讀書Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of busines

11、s. 讀書足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以長才；其怡情也,最見于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí)；其傅彩也,最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也,最見于處世判事之際；For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use the

12、m too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. 練達(dá)之士雖能分別處理細(xì)事或一一判別枝節(jié),然縱觀統(tǒng)籌,全局策劃,就舍好學(xué)深思者莫屬；讀書費(fèi)時(shí)過多易惰,文采藻飾太盛就矯,全憑條文斷事乃學(xué)究故態(tài)；They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need proyning by

13、 study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 讀書補(bǔ)自然之不足,體會(huì)又補(bǔ)讀書之不足,蓋天生才能猶如自然花草,讀書然后知如何修剪移接,而書中所示,如不以體會(huì)范之,就又大而無當(dāng)；Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them；for they teach not their own use; but that is

14、a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之長者鄙讀書,無知者羨讀書,唯明智之士用讀書,然書并不以用處告人,用 書之智不在書中,而在書外,全憑觀看得之；Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 讀書時(shí)不行有意詰難讀者,不行盡信書上所言,亦不行只為尋章摘句,而應(yīng)推敲細(xì)思；Some books ar

15、e to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts ；others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them b

16、y others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are flashy things. ,like common distilled waters, 書有可淺嘗者,有可吞食者,少數(shù)就須咀嚼消化；換言之,有只需讀其部分者,有只須大體涉獵者,少數(shù)就須全讀,讀時(shí)須全神貫注,孜孜不倦；書亦可請(qǐng)人代讀,取其所作摘 要,但只限題材較次或價(jià)值不高者,否就書經(jīng)提煉猶如水經(jīng)蒸餾,淡而無味；Reading maketh a full

17、 man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 讀書使人充實(shí),爭辯使人機(jī)警,筆記使人精確；因此不常做筆記者須記憶

18、力特強(qiáng),不常爭辯者須天生聰穎,不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù),始能無知而顯有知；If I Were a Freshman Again 假如我能再次成為大一同學(xué)Thomas Arkle Clark If I were a freshman again I should not work so many hours as I did. I put in enough hours with my books in my hands, but I did not accomplish much. I had little concentration. Many students whom I knew, and

19、 I was one of this sort, spent a great deal of time in getting ready to work. With a book in hand they look out of the window at the clouds or at the pretty girls passing along the street, and all the time they deceive themselves with the idea that they are working. 我手捧書本的時(shí)間是夠了,假如我能再次成為大一同學(xué),我會(huì)少花一些時(shí)間

20、在學(xué)習(xí)上；可是收效卻甚微, 由于我有些心不在焉；我知道許多同學(xué)我就是其中之一把大量的 時(shí)間花在做預(yù)備工作上,他們手里拿著一本書,眼睛卻看著窗外的白云或者街上走過的漂亮 女孩,而且從頭到尾欺詐自己說自己在學(xué)習(xí)Many an evening, when the work was heavy, I would determine to begin early and get it over with; but I could spend half an hour in arranging my books and getting myself seated in a comfortable chai

21、r. All this time I imagined I was working. I spent as much time in goading myself on to duties that I should have liked to shirk or in getting ready to work as I did in actual labor. If I were a freshman I should plan my work, I should try to develop concentration I should workharder but not so long

22、. 許多個(gè)傍晚,只要學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)很重,我就會(huì)下決心早動(dòng)手早完工,可是我可能會(huì)花半個(gè)小時(shí)整理書本、 坐到一把舒服的椅子上,在整個(gè)過程中, 我始終想像自己是在學(xué)習(xí)；對(duì)于我想逃避或者應(yīng)當(dāng)預(yù)備的工作,我會(huì)磨蹭半天, 磨蹭的時(shí)間和工作的時(shí)間一樣多；假如我能再次成為大一同學(xué),我會(huì)做事有方案、學(xué)習(xí)更專心我會(huì)更加努力但是少花時(shí)間；I should learn to work with people about me. As it was I lived a somewhat isolated life. I did my reading and my studying alone, and though ther

23、e were some advantages in this method, there were serious objections. Now I must often work under different conditions than those by which I was surrounded in college; there is work to be done where there is no quiet, and I do it with difficulty. As I tried on a crowded ocean steamer to put these wa

24、ndering thoughts on paper I was constantly annoyed by the confusion about me and by the spasmodic attempts at conversation made by a well-intentioned but misguided young man at my side. If I had learned to work under different conversations I might have turned the conversation aside as a steep roof

25、sheds the rain. I believe it is a great advantage for a young man to do his work himself, but he should not subject himself to the slavery of doing it alone. 我會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)在四周有人的環(huán)境中工作；實(shí)際上, 我的生活有些與世隔絕；我一個(gè)人看書,一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí), 這種方法雖然也有一些優(yōu)點(diǎn),卻也有著嚴(yán)肅的缺點(diǎn)；現(xiàn)在我經(jīng)常要在與高校完全不同的環(huán)境里工作,手里有活兒要干,四周卻不那么安靜,結(jié)果我就感到很吃力；曾經(jīng)有一次在一艘擁擠的海船上,我正想把這些紛亂的思

26、緒寫下來,卻不時(shí)受到一些干擾,身邊一位出于好心但誤入歧路的年輕人有一茬兒沒一茬兒地想跟我說話；假如我學(xué)會(huì)了在不同的對(duì)話場合工作, 我可能就防止了和他的談話,就像陡屋頂讓雨水滑落一樣；我認(rèn)為讓年輕人自己做事好處不少,但是他不應(yīng)當(dāng)一個(gè)人死扛；College Pressure By William Zinsser I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. I

27、ts easy to look around for bad guys to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no bad guys, only victims. 我發(fā)覺有四種壓力影響著今日的高校生：經(jīng)濟(jì)上的壓力、父母的壓力、同伴的

28、壓力,和 自己導(dǎo)致的壓力；在身邊找罪魁禍?zhǔn)缀啙嵉煤埽簩W(xué)校要錢太多,教授學(xué)業(yè)太重,父母施壓太 大,同學(xué)逼己太甚；但其實(shí)身邊并沒有罪魁禍?zhǔn)?有的只是受害者；Today it is not unusual for a student, even one who works part time at college and full time during the summer, to have accumulated $5,000 in loans after four years loans that the student must start to repay within one year

29、after graduation. Encouraged at the commencement ceremony to go forth into the world, students are already behind as they go forth. How can they not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning. Women at Yale are under even more pressure than men to justify their expen

30、sive education to themselves, their parents, and society. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society hasnt yet caught up with this fact. 如今,一個(gè)同學(xué),甚至是一個(gè)讀書時(shí)部分時(shí)間打工,暑假時(shí)做全日工作的同學(xué),在四 年之后背上 5 000 美元債務(wù)的情形并不罕見這筆債務(wù)同學(xué)必需在畢業(yè)后一年之內(nèi)開頭償 仍；在畢業(yè)典禮上,他們歡欣

31、鼓勵(lì),要踏入社會(huì),然而在踏入社會(huì)之際,他們已經(jīng)落后于人 了；為預(yù)備迎接這一結(jié)賬之日,他們又怎能不在整個(gè)高校期間感到處在壓力之下呢？耶魯?shù)?由于她們要向自己、父母和社會(huì)證明她們接受如此昂貴的訓(xùn)練是值得 女生比男生壓力更大,的；由于雖然她們離開高校時(shí)已經(jīng)具備了出眾的才能,完全可以給傳統(tǒng)上由男性占統(tǒng)治位置 的工作注入新穎的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力氣,但是社會(huì)仍沒有熟識(shí)到這一事實(shí)；Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined. I see students taking pr

32、emedical courses with joyless determination. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know them in other corners of their life as cheerful people. 相伴著經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力而來的是父母的壓力；兩者不行防止地深深交叉在一起；我看到同學(xué) 們悶悶不樂卻又一心一意地去念醫(yī)學(xué)預(yù)科課程；他們?nèi)ピ囼?yàn)室的那種感覺就好比是要去看牙 醫(yī)一樣；這使我感到哀痛,由于我知道他們?cè)谏畹钠渌矫?/p>

33、都是些興奮奮興的人；Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin from the very start of freshman year. I had a freshman student Ill call Linda, one instructor told me, who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and stud

34、ied all the time. I couldnt tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda. 來自同伴的壓力和自我導(dǎo)致的壓力也相互交叉著,而且它們從一年級(jí)一開頭就顯現(xiàn)了；” 一位老師告知我, “ 她進(jìn)來對(duì)我說她的壓力極大,由于她“ 我有一個(gè)一年級(jí)的同學(xué)叫琳達(dá),的室友芭芭拉比她聰慧得多而且成天在學(xué)習(xí)；描述過琳達(dá)； ”我沒法告知她兩個(gè)小時(shí)之前芭芭拉也進(jìn)來這樣The disadvantages of an elite education The first disa

35、dvantage of an elite education, as I learned in my kitchen that day, is that it makes you incapable of talking to people who arent like you. Elite schools pride themselves on their diversity, but that diversity is almost entirely a matter of ethnicity and race. With respect to class, these schools a

36、re largelyindeed increasingly homogeneous. Visit any elite campus in our great nation and you can thrill to the heartwarming spectacle of the children of white businesspeople and professionals studying and playing alongside the children of black, Asian, and Latino businesspeople and professionals. A

37、t the same time, because these schools tend to cultivate liberal attitudes, they leave their students in the paradoxical position of wanting to advocate on behalf of the working class while being unable to hold a simple conversation with anyone in it. Witness the last two Democratic presidential nom

38、inees, Al Gore and John Kerry: one each from Harvard and Yale, both earnest, decent, intelligent men, both utterly incapable of communicating with the larger electorate. 正如我在廚房熟識(shí)到的,精英訓(xùn)練的第一個(gè)劣勢是它讓你無法和與你不同的人進(jìn)行交流；精英高校經(jīng)常炫耀自己的多元化,但是這種多元化幾乎總是限于種族和民族的范疇；說到階級(jí), 這些學(xué)校基本上越來越多地趨同化；假如你到我們宏大國家的任何一所名牌高?？纯?就會(huì)詫異地發(fā)覺白人商賈名流和專業(yè)人士的子女和黑人、亞裔、 拉丁裔商賈名流和專業(yè)人士的子女一起學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍的溫馨場景；與此同時(shí), 由于這些學(xué)校培養(yǎng)自