自考英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)整理出考點(diǎn)26位作家完整

1、自考英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)整理出考點(diǎn)26位作家完整資料僅供參考英美文學(xué)選讀要點(diǎn)總結(jié)精心整理（只考26位作家）英國(guó)Chapterl The Renaissance period（14世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主 義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. 人文主義 作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人” 為中心，

2、人是萬(wàn)物之靈。Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore,

3、and enjoy .人文主義者們卻從古代文化遺產(chǎn)中找到充 分的論據(jù)，來(lái)贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命， 人能夠不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于她們的，供她們 懷疑，探索以及享受。Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉.莎士比亞是 英國(guó)人文主義的代表。Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England .懷亞特將彼特拉

4、克的十四行詩(shī)引進(jìn)英國(guó)。The first period of the English Renaissance was one資料僅供參考.of imitation and assimilation.英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué) 習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imag

5、ery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文 主義詩(shī)歌的主要目標(biāo)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語(yǔ)言的力度 與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式） 組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來(lái)勾畫出情 感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespea

6、re, and Ben Jonson.文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國(guó)最著名的戲劇家有克利斯 朵夫.馬洛，威廉.莎士比亞與本.約翰遜。Francis Bacon （1561-1626）, the first important English essayist.費(fèi)蘭西斯.培根是英國(guó)歷史上最重要的散文 家。(III)William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亞The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titu

7、s Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Loves Labours I在她戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯的第一個(gè)階段，她創(chuàng)作了五部歷史?。汉嗬蛄鶇⒖?，理查三世，泰托斯. 安東尼以及四部喜劇：錯(cuò)誤的戲劇，維洛那二紳士， 馴悍記和愛的徒勞。In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, an

8、d Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar在第二階段，她寫了五部 歷史劇：理查三世，約翰王，亨利四世，亨利五世 以及六部喜劇仲夏夜之夢(mèng)，威尼斯商人，無(wú)事生非，III皆大歡喜，第十二夜，溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們，還有兩部

9、悲?。毫_密歐與朱麗葉和裘利斯.凱撒。IIIShakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are Alls Well That Ends and Measure for M

10、easure.第三階段誕生了莎翁最偉大的悲劇和她自稱的黑色喜劇（或 悲喜?。?，悲劇有：哈姆雷特，奧賽羅，李爾王麥克 白安東尼與克利奧佩特拉特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)及 克里奧拉那斯。兩部喜劇是終成眷屬和一報(bào)還一報(bào)。The last period of Shakespeares work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The資料僅供參考Winters Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry，后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要VIII and The Two

11、Noble Kinsmen.，后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜劇：伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事與暴 風(fēng)雨。她最后兩部劇是亨利八世與魯克里斯受辱記Shakespeares sonnets are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings.這些十四行詩(shī)都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成 果。Shakespeares history plays ar e mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessit

12、y.莎翁的歷史劇都有這樣一個(gè)主題：在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國(guó)家，統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.在她的浪漫喜劇中，莎士 比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對(duì)待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極 致。The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the

13、faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness .莎翁在其成功的浪漫主義悲劇羅密歐與朱麗葉，頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。Shakespeares greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero.莎士比亞的四大悲劇是：哈姆雷特奧賽羅李爾王麥克白資料僅供參考“The Kings government mu

14、st be carried on”一but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國(guó)王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬(wàn)古不變”-可是這種流傳百世 萬(wàn)古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國(guó)家利益的，而不是只為國(guó)王自己 服務(wù)。Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in

15、his dream.正因如此，她才無(wú)力 尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會(huì)痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，她作為人文主 義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，從夢(mèng)幻中找安慰。He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.她認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn) 實(shí)。Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time.古往今來(lái)，沒有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比

16、亞媲美，她 對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無(wú)可估量的。Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language .在她之后幾乎所有的英國(guó)文學(xué)家都在藝術(shù)觀點(diǎn)，文 學(xué)形式及語(yǔ)言技巧方面受到她的影響。Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare.十四行詩(shī)第十八首詩(shī)莎翁最出眾的十四行詩(shī)。資料僅供參考(VI)Joh

17、n Milton約翰.彌爾頓he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human freedom.她頭腦中充滿了為人類自由而戰(zhàn)的思想。Miltons literary achievements ca n be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.彌爾頓的文學(xué)作品可分為三類：早期詩(shī)作，中期的散文小冊(cè)子和后期的偉大詩(shī)作。Milton wrote his three m

18、ajor poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes.她的三部偉 大詩(shī)作：失樂園復(fù)樂園和力士參孫。The theme of Paradise Lost is the“Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity.失樂園的主題 是人類的沉淪。在沉淪之中，亞當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including evil.她認(rèn)為上帝是按照她自己的樣子造出的世界， 其中也包括罪惡。It opens the way for the voluntar