六級(jí)作業(yè)答案題目分離版day1411.29閱讀

1、Passage OneFor most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fell

2、ow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations （羞恥） by con

3、centrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives.I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that

4、life can offer. Yet only small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality （不平等） at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring

5、 forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on（迎面地）. Still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.Th

6、e most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree

7、 of control over their ownand othersworking lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which

8、would be regarded as intolerable for themselvesby those who make the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority has little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the techn

9、ology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic （官僚的） machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.46. Th

10、e importance of work lies in the fact that _.A) it becomes a measurement of peoples living standardB) the pay from work satisfies our need for materialsC) it is a typical life style in an industrial societyD) it is the only way for others to judge our social status47. How does the author think of th

11、e value of work?A) The psychological reward is less important than before.B) The material reward is greater than that of psychological one.C) It is no longer important to peoples life.D) Its still of great importance to peoples life.48. According to the passage, only a small number of people _.A) do

12、minate all the important positions of a company or an organizationB) allocate the psychological reward to most employees in a companyC) have access to a higher position and a satisfying salary in a companyD) have the right to enjoy the creative and other positive aspects of work49. It can be inferre

13、d that to solve problems in an industrial society, we _.A) should create more working opportunities for the poorB) have to eliminate the unequal aspects in workC) had better cancel all managing positions in a companyD) should turn to individual employment and work at home50. Compared with a manager,

14、 workers _.A) dont have any right to criticize the managementB) lack the equal chances of satisfaction from the workC) do too much routine work without any rewardD) can make a better living in a governmental organization答案：4650 A D D B B答案解析A定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞importance和work定位到第一段第一、三句。解析：題干問(wèn)工作重要的原因。文章第一段第一

15、句話說(shuō)明工作的重要性，指出：“對(duì)于我們中的大多數(shù)人來(lái)講，工作是生活的中心，是占有主導(dǎo)地位的部分?！苯又?，第三句具體解釋說(shuō)：“我們所做的具體工作很大程度上決定了我們的生活水平以及我們的同胞賦予我們的地位?！庇纱丝梢姡谌鋵?duì)第一句進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的闡釋，說(shuō)明了緣由。故A項(xiàng)與文意相符，為正確答案。D定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞the value of work定位到第二段第二句。解析：本句指出：“工作可以提供的物質(zhì)和心理回報(bào)以及工作環(huán)境，將繼續(xù)在決定生活帶給我們的滿足感中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用?！币虼丝赏茢嘧髡哒J(rèn)為工作仍會(huì)在我們的生活中發(fā)揮重要作用。故答案為D。D定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞a small number of

16、people定位到第二段最后一句。解析：根據(jù)該句可知：“然而只有對(duì)少數(shù)人而言，工作可以為其提供創(chuàng)造力、想象力或主動(dòng)性的空間和前景?！鳖}干中a small number of people與原文中的a small minority對(duì)應(yīng)，再結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可知D項(xiàng)與文意相符，其中的creative and other positive aspects 與原文中的creativity, imagination, or initiative對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為D。B定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞industrial society定位到第三段第二句。解析：由該句可知：“工業(yè)生活中出現(xiàn)的更加顯著的問(wèn)題，其中許多都是由工作

17、中的不平等所引起的挫敗感而直接或間接地導(dǎo)致的。除非我們直面這些問(wèn)題，否則，我們就不可能解決它們?！庇纱丝梢?，要想解決工業(yè)社會(huì)的種種問(wèn)題，需要消除工作中的不平等。故B項(xiàng)符合文意，為正確答案。B定位：根據(jù)題干信息詞manager和workers定位到第四段第三句和倒數(shù)第四句。解析：本段將經(jīng)理和普通職員進(jìn)行對(duì)比。在談?wù)摻?jīng)理時(shí)，第三句說(shuō)：“他們的工作不僅能夠激發(fā)他們的興趣，而且能夠使他們培養(yǎng)自己的能力。”而倒數(shù)第四句說(shuō)到職員們時(shí)指出：“大多數(shù)人對(duì)于自己工作的控制力是很小的; 工作并沒(méi)有給他們提供個(gè)人發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。”由兩者對(duì)比可推斷職員們從工作中得不到獲得滿足感的平等機(jī)會(huì)。B項(xiàng)與文意相符，故為答案。全文翻

18、譯：46對(duì)于我們中的大多數(shù)人來(lái)講，工作是生活的中心，是占有主導(dǎo)地位的部分。我們?cè)谝庾R(shí)清醒時(shí)，有超過(guò)一半的時(shí)間花在工作、為工作做準(zhǔn)備和上下班往返上。46我們所做的具體工作很大程度上決定了我們的生活水平以及我們的同胞賦予我們的地位。人們有時(shí)會(huì)說(shuō)，由于休閑變得越來(lái)越重要，工作中所存在的侮辱及不公正可能被逼入死胡同；因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)工作是相當(dāng)令人難以容忍的，做這些工作的人應(yīng)該將他們的希望放在生活中的其他部分，來(lái)補(bǔ)償工作中的無(wú)聊、挫敗感和羞恥。我拒絕將此作為絕望之下的建議。47在可預(yù)見的未來(lái)，工作可以提供的物質(zhì)和心理回報(bào)以及工作環(huán)境，將繼續(xù)在決定生活帶給我們的滿足感中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。48然而，只有少數(shù)人能夠控制他們的工作節(jié)奏或者他們的工作環(huán)境；只有對(duì)少數(shù)人而言，工作可以為其提供創(chuàng)造力、想象力或主動(dòng)性的空間和前景。工作上和工作中的不平等仍然是我們這個(gè)社會(huì)中最殘忍、最突出的不平等現(xiàn)象之一。49工業(yè)生活中出現(xiàn)的更加顯著的問(wèn)題，其中許多都是由工作中的不平等所引起的挫敗感而直接或間接地導(dǎo)致的。除非我們直面這些問(wèn)題，否則，我們就不可能解決它們。我們也就更不可能創(chuàng)建一個(gè)公正的人道主義社會(huì)。最突出的不平等現(xiàn)象存在于經(jīng)理和其他人之間。對(duì)于大多數(shù)經(jīng)理而言，工作既是機(jī)遇又是挑戰(zhàn)。50他們的工作不僅能夠激發(fā)他們的興趣，而且能夠使他們培養(yǎng)自己的能力。他們?cè)诓粩嗟貙W(xué)習(xí)；他們能夠承擔(dān)責(zé)任；他們