學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+Unit課件

1、學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+Unit學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+Unit學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+UnitUnit 3Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesDespite the progress in medicine, many diseases are still untreatable and incurable. It has been generally agreed that prevention is more cost-effective than the treatment of diseases. Here come some fundamental questions:

2、 Which play a more important role in causing human diseases, genes or environmental factors? Why do people with good interpersonal relationships live healthier and longer? What are the major steps in developing a new drug? In this unit, we will probably find theanswers to these questions.學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+Uni

3、t學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)學(xué)+Unit學(xué)術(shù)英語+醫(yī)Unit 3Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesDespite the progress in medicine, many diseases are still untreatable and incurable. It has been generally agreed that prevention is more cost-effective than the treatment of diseases. Here come some fundamental questions: Which play a mor

4、e important role in causing human diseases, genes or environmental factors? Why do people with good interpersonal relationships live healthier and longer? What are the major steps in developing a new drug? In this unit, we will probably find theanswers to these questions.Unit 3Prevention and Treatme

5、ntUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 9Unit 3 Unit ContentsLead-inTexLead-inIssues to be coveredTaskUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inIssues to be coveredUniLead-inIssues to be covered The commo

6、n and special means of treatment and prevention of diseasesThe different roles of genes and environment in causing diseases The relationship between interpersonal relationship and health The major steps in designing and developing new drugsUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inIssues to

7、be covered ThLead-inYour experience when you fell ill last time TimeVisits to doctorDiagnosisTreatmentUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inYour experience when yoLead-inTask: Work in pairs and discuss the causes and treatments you know of the following conditions.DiseaseCausesTreatments

8、FluMyopiaHepatitisUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inTask: Work in pairs andLead-inTask: Work in pairs and discuss the causes and treatments you know of the following conditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest, clear fluids, cool damp washcloth to reduce fever, warm blanket to c

9、alm chills,cough medicine, antiviral medications, usually no need of antibioticsMyopiaprolonged close work, excessive reading corrective lenses, refractory surgeryHepatitisviral (HBV, HCV, etc.), bacterial, parasitic, fungal infectionsalcohol, autoimmune, inherited antiviral medicationsUnit 3 Preven

10、tion and Treatment of DiseasesLead-inTask: Work in pairs andText A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Knowledge of the subject matter Useful expressionsSuggested answersUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and thText A Critical reading and thinkingTop

11、ics for presentation1. How was Terrys life before she was diagnosed with (Pre. 1)loved practicing Tae Kwon Doloved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournamentscompeted nationally, even winning a bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Gamesattended medical scho

12、ol, practiced as an internal medicine residency, became an academic general internistmarried and got a son and a daughterUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation2. How much do you know about MS and autoimmune

13、disease? (Pre. 2) Symptoms as mentioned by the authorloss of stamina and strengthproblems with balancebouts of horrific facial paindips in visual acuityUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation2. How much do yo

14、u know about MS and autoimmune disease? (Pre. 2) Cause as mentioned by the authorthe assault of immune cells on the brain, with possible origin in genetic make-up or/and combination of environmental factorsTreatment as mentioned by the authorinterferon and copolymer-1Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment

15、of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation3. What did Terry do before she self-experimented? (Pre. 3) Picking up basic science such as cellular physiology, biochemistry and neurophysiologyReading articles about new MS drugs in animal models an

16、d neurodegeneration of all typesdementia, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons, and Lou Gehrigs diseaseUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation4. What approaches did Terry mainly use to deal with neurodegeneration?

17、 (Pre. 4) self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal modelsself-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation still based on literature online search to identify the sources of micronutrientsreduction of food allergy and to

18、xic loadUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation5. One example to illustrate the correlation between toxic load and disease (Pre. 5) With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and autoimm

19、unity being due to environmental factors other than genetics, we can provide the real solution to many health problems and the health care crisis by changing our environment, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical

20、reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matterthe surge of adrenaline (P55)medical school (P55)an internal medicine residency (P55)an academic general internist (P55)to develop a chronic disease (P55)I had only two options: accommodation and acceptance of deepening

21、disability despite optimal treatment, or increased involvement in my own health care. (P55)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matterMy doctor said that genetics accounted for only 10 to 30% of the risk

22、of MS; the rest (?) was due to some combination of unknown environmental factors. (P56) He never told me what I could do to address those unknown factors, only offering interferon and copolymer-1 to reduce the risk of relapse. (P56)It was increasingly apparent that, with time, becoming bedridden due

23、 to my illness was inevitable. (P56)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matterI began my own study of the literature, reading article after article on PubMed, knowing that the seeds for todays clinical c

24、are were laid years, sometimes decades earlier in the basic science literature. (P56) At first, I looked for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models. (P56)articles concerning neurodegeneration of all typesdementia, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons, and Lou Gehrigs disease. (P56)Unit 3 P

25、revention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matterI asked my physical therapist to let me have a test session. (P57) patient autonomyHe told me that e-stim (as he called it) was not an approved treatment for MS. (P57) p

26、aternalistic approachI returned to the literature. (P57)I turned eventually to Google. (P57) Which is more helpful and to what extent is Google a reliant source of medical information?Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledg

27、e of the subject matterI next looked more deeply at the environmental factors associated with poorly explained neurological and psychological symptoms. (P57) Two stood out: food allergies and toxic load. (P57)I returned to the literature. (P57)Food allergies can cause a myriad of neurological and ps

28、ychological symptoms, typically without any abdominal complaints, decades before diagnosis and are very difficult to identify. (P57)Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressionsbouts of horrific facial painWhen I develo

29、ped the foot drop, the diagnosis was made: multiple sclerosis (MS).He said that fewer relapses would mean less disability, a greater chance that Id still be walking, working, and living my life as I once knew it ten years later.so I translated mouse-sized doses to human ones However, although my dec

30、line had slowed, I was still declining.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressionsthere was no guarantee that my brain could talk to these new muscles.so I translated mouse-sized doses to human ones However, although

31、my decline had slowed, I was still declining.there was no guarantee that my brain could talk to these new muscles.It did hurt. A lot.I felt the best Id felt in years.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressionsMy thera

32、pist implemented a program of e-stim coupled with daily exercise.As good as the article was, it did not list all of the building blocks needed for optimal brain health.The medical literature didnt have that information, nor did the registered dieticians with whom I consulted, nor did I see it in the

33、 food science literature.But he did let me have a test session.I turned eventually to Google, which did help me, nutrient by nutrient, to understand where various micronutrients I was taking by pill each day were located in the food supply.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical r

34、eading and tText A Critical reading and thinkingUseful expressionsPhysician self-experimentation sometimes does not go as anticipated.The unthinkablethe unimaginablehappened, stunning me, my family, and my physicians.As a result, Ive changed how I practice medicine.Three years into my healing, I am

35、again experimenting.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Critical reading and tText A Suggested answersTask 1 OverviewCritical reading and thinking1. D 2. literature, nutrients, stimulation, micronutrients, environmental Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Suggested answer

36、sTask 1Text A Task 1/ Medical terminology Match each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1treatment of disease through the use of drugs2the quality of existing in several different forms3of or relating to an immune response by the body again

37、st one of its own tissues, cells, ormolecules4epinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla5a polymer of two or more different monomerspharmacotherapy藥物療法多態(tài)性polymorphism自體免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline腎上腺素Suggested answersLanguage building-up2Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

38、Text A Task 1/ Medical terminoText A EnglishChinese Definition6a substance that improves the chemical activity of an enzyme7a substance that destroys weeds8a specialist in internal medicine9any of various diseases characterized by thickening or hardening10the act or process of testing, trying, or pu

39、tting to the proofsclerosis硬化癥coenzyme輔酶herbicide除草劑internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生trial試驗Task1 / Medical terminologyMatch each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.Suggested answers2Language building-upUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A EnglishChinese DefinitiText A Ta

40、sk 2 / Signpost language SequenceLanguage building-upSuggested answersnext Then, Ultimately At first, Eventually NowUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 2 / Signpost languText A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from Text A. Fill in the blanks with the si

41、gnpost language and then compare your answers with the original sentences in the text. Language building-upSuggested answersUltimately1 Jogging left me first. _, standing for any time became difficult. _, despite my use of the most current pharmacotherapies, walking and even sitting was tiring, so I

42、 needed a tilt-recline wheelchair. (Para. 5) 2 _, I looked for recent articles testing new MS drugs in animal models. _, realizing I could not access those drugs unless I was in a clinical trial, I turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types dementia, Parkinsons disease, Huntingtons

43、, and Lou Gehrigs disease. (Para. 8) ThenAt firstEventuallyUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 2 / Signpost languText A Task 2 / Signpost language The following sentences are taken from Text A. Fill in the blanks with the signpost language and then compare your answers with the or

44、iginal sentences in the text. Language building-upSuggested answersNow3 Determined to optimize everything I could to help my brain heal, I _ looked more deeply at the environmental factors associated with poorly explained neurological and psychological symptoms. (Para. 15)4 _ I focus on teaching my

45、patients how to optimize their nutrition,reduce their toxic load, and reduce their risk of food allergies. (Para. 19) nextUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 2 / Signpost languText A Task 3 / Formal EnglishParaphrase the following sentences from Text A with a less formal style.Lan

46、guage building-upSuggested answersMany things have happened since then. I went to a medical school, completed an internal medicine residency, and became a mother of a son and a daughter. 2. When I manifested symptoms of the foot drop, I was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. 3. He nevertheless allow

47、ed me a test session. It did hurt severely as he previously told me. 4. I am again experimenting three years after my healing. The only difference is that this time it is an IRB-approved protocol instead of self-experimentation. Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Task 3 / Formal Engli

48、sh Text A Additional activity Group presentationAs an emerging branch of science, Social Neuroscience is unfamiliar and mysterious to many people. Form groups of 4-5 to find relevant information about it and get ready for a presentation in class. The following prompts may be helpful to you: the defi

49、nition of Social Neurosciencethe mechanism through which brain-to-brain link worksthe application of social neuroscience to treatment of diseasesthe prospects of Social NeuroscienceUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText A Additional activity Text BCritical reading and thinkingSuggested answ

50、ersUnit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText BUnit 3 Text B Critical Reading and Thinking1. the friends relationship with his students (P37) He was not just inspiring in class but taking a genuine interest in themin their studies, their progress through life, their fears and hopes. A wide circ

51、le of former students count themselves among his lifelong friends; He and his wife have always welcomed a steady stream of visitors to their home.Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical

52、 Reading and TText B Critical Reading and Thinking2. the discovery of mirror neurons(P66) Mirror neurons, a widely dispersed class of brain cells that operate like neural WiFi, track the emotional flow, movement and even intentions of the person we are with, and replicate this sensed state in our ow

53、n brain by stirring in our brain the same areas active in the other person. Mirror neurons offer a neural mechanism that explains emotional contagion. Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Cri

54、tical Reading and TText B Critical Reading and Thinking3. Diamond and Aspinwalls research (PP 66)Psychologists at the University of UtahReviewed research data about coordination of emotions, cardiovascular reactions or brain states between mothers with their infants, marital partners arguing and eve

55、n among people in meetings in the past few decades. Offered the infelicitous term “a mutually regulating psychobiological unit to describe the merging of two discrete physiologies into a connected circuit. Argue/conclude that emotional closeness allows the biology of one person to influence that of

56、the other. Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and TText B Critical Reading and Thinking4. significance of Cacioppos research (PP 66)Director of the Center for Cognitive and

57、 Social Neuroscience at the University of ChicagoProposed that the emotional status of our main relationships has a significant impact on our overall pattern of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity. This theory radically expands the scope of biology and neuroscience from focusing on a single b

58、ody or brain to looking at the interplay between two at a time. Write down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and TText B Critical Reading and Thinking5. the meaning of a “broken hear

59、t(P67)Social rejection activates the very zones of the brain that generate, among other things, the sting of physical pain.Therefore, the term “broken heart may actually refer not only to the psychological pain from rejection or the disappearance of loved ones but also the genuine physical hurt. Wri

60、te down the information on the following topics. Then compare your answers with your partner.Unit 3 Prevention and Treatment of DiseasesText B Critical Reading and TText B Useful expressionsA wide circle of former studentsa steady stream of visitors to their homethis flow of people who love himA wid