第二講翻譯中的形合與意合-漢英翻譯-教學(xué)課件

1、形合與意合：英漢互譯的基礎(chǔ)形合與意合：英漢互譯的基礎(chǔ)包餃子美國人制訂修改法律和中國人包餃子一樣就像中國人包頓餃子那樣，餡用什么料，咸了淡了，面和軟了硬了，每每免不了要一番吵吵嚷嚷 包餃子Make dumplingsThe US-styled legislation(立法） and law review(修改法律）is very much comparable to making dumplings in China.It is just as likely contain the same types of familiar and bitter arguments such as wheth

2、er certain ingredients are to be used in the filler, or whether filling itself tastes too bland or salty, or whether the dough is to dry or too soft to use. Make dumplings第二講翻譯中的形合與意合-漢英翻譯-教學(xué)課件第二講翻譯中的形合與意合-漢英翻譯-教學(xué)課件王力: “西洋語的結(jié)構(gòu)好象連環(huán),雖則環(huán)與環(huán)都聯(lián)絡(luò)起來,畢竟有聯(lián)絡(luò)的痕跡,中國語的結(jié)構(gòu)好象無縫天衣,只是一塊一塊的硬湊,湊起來還不讓它有痕跡.所以西洋的語法是硬的,沒有彈性

3、的;中文的語法是軟的,富有彈性的.”王力:英語注重形合，注重結(jié)構(gòu)形式，常常借助各種連接手段，因而比較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)（preciseness);漢語注重意合，注重功能意義，常常不用或少用連接手段，因而比較簡潔（conciseness)英語注重形合，注重結(jié)構(gòu)形式，常常借助各種連接手段，因而比較今天食堂吃餃子。 叉子吃不好吃筷子吧。 吃食堂味道不好。 第二講翻譯中的形合與意合-漢英翻譯-教學(xué)課件這些說法在漢語里都可以成立。但細(xì)想一下，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：到底 “誰” 吃“誰”？！這種紊亂的施事（Agent）與受事（Object）關(guān)系在英語中簡直是離經(jīng)叛道，卻在漢語里顯得那么自然。英語則必須說： Jiaozi are

4、 served in the canteen today. (今天食堂有餃子吃) Eat with chopsticks if you cant (do it well) with a fork. (用叉子吃不好就用筷子吃吧) The food served in the canteen doesnt taste good. (在食堂吃的飯菜味道不好)英語上述各句中的“吃”都隱含有邏輯主語（即施事者）“人”，而原文句中的主語功能都變成了施事的方式或場所。這些說法在漢語里都可以成立。但細(xì)想一下，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：到底 1）江山易改，本性難移(隱含對比）It is easy to change riv

5、ers and mountains but hard to change a persons nature.聰明一世，糊涂一時Smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 2)良藥苦口,忠言膩耳.(隱含類比）Faithful words offend the ears just as good medicine tastes bitter.3)有飯大家吃（隱含條件）Let everybody share the food if there is any.4)他老是見異思遷（隱含時間）He is always changing his mind as soon a

6、s he sees something new.5)早知今日，何必當(dāng)初？（隱含假設(shè)）If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently.1）江山易改，本性難移(隱含對比）我于冬日前去參觀，但見衰柳寒煙，一水茫茫而已。(沈復(fù)“浮生六記”）“衰柳寒煙”，“一水茫?！蔽矣诙涨叭⒂^，但見衰柳寒煙，一水茫茫而已。(沈復(fù)“浮生六譯文1：I went there in winter, and could see nothing but unanimated trees and smokes. There is only

7、 a range of poor water. 譯文2： I went there on a winter day and saw only a stretch of cold water against some sparse willows trees and a frosty sky. 譯文3：While in winter, nothing was enjoyable but the lovely willows and quiet water. 第二講翻譯中的形合與意合-漢英翻譯-教學(xué)課件馬致遠(yuǎn) 秋思枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬，夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。馬致遠(yuǎn) 秋思He

8、boasts(吹噓） that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash（鞭笞） in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹噓說，任何奴隸一踏上英國的土地就獲得自由，而他卻出賣窮人家六歲的孩子到工廠干活，每天16個小時，受盡鞭打責(zé)罵。He boasts(吹噓） that a slave is A body in motion

9、 remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.沒有外力作用，運動物體就連續(xù)作勻速直線運動A body in motion remains in moIt had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again i

10、n the peacetime fall.那是個天氣晴朗、金黃可愛的秋天，美好的秋色為那些青年們送別。待到戰(zhàn)后和平時期，黃葉紛飛的秋天再度來臨時，當(dāng)日的青年已經(jīng)失去了青春，有的喪失了生命。It had been a fine, golden aut英漢語形合意合的區(qū)分對翻譯的意義：1）漢語輕時態(tài)，英語重時態(tài)2）漢語是動作性語言，英語是靜態(tài)性語言3）漢語是流散性語言，英語是聚集性語言英漢語形合意合的區(qū)分對翻譯的意義：1）漢語輕時態(tài)，英語重時態(tài)增詞法，減詞法 2）漢語是動作性語言，英語是靜態(tài)性語言詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法3）漢語是流散性語言，英語是聚集性語言長句翻譯，篇章翻譯的組織與安排1）漢語輕時態(tài)，英語重時

11、態(tài)習(xí)題:將下列句子譯成英語:抓住了主要矛盾,一切問題就可以迎刃而解.物極必反玩火自焚念死書念出來的學(xué)問是沒有多大用處的學(xué)是學(xué)了,沒有結(jié)果;做了做了,沒有成功習(xí)題:抓住了主要矛盾,一切問題就可以迎刃而解.Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.物極必反Once a certain limit is reached, a change in the opposition is inevitable.玩火自焚Whoever plays with fire will perish b

12、y fire.抓住了主要矛盾,一切問題就可以迎刃而解.念死書念出來的學(xué)問是沒有多大用處的Learning by rote will be unprofitable.學(xué)是學(xué)了,沒有結(jié)果;做了做了,沒有成功I have made proposals, but in vain; I have made attempts but without success. 念死書念出來的學(xué)問是沒有多大用處的We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergencea threat to the survival of our civilization

13、 that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worstthough not all-of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the worlds leaders are still b

14、est described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.We, the human species, are con習(xí)題： 也就在這一