源語篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)與視角解讀-2023年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫提分技能

1、2023年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫提分技能1.03源語篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)與視角解讀知識回顧敘事研究關(guān)注的是故事在敘事時的技巧，即故事是“如何寫的”而不是“寫了什么，敘事 結(jié)構(gòu)要素主要包括：(1)表達(dá)者：表達(dá)者與作者不同，作者是寫故事的人，敘事者是指說故 事的人，這兩者是有區(qū)別的。(2)敘事視角：即有誰來看待這個故事情節(jié)的開展作者在寫 故事時，一定會選擇一個角度切入，從這個角度來觀察事件的起因、經(jīng)過、開展和結(jié)果，并 帶有自身的情感因素，使得讀者在閱讀時跟誰著他們的角度去了解整個事件。(3)敘事節(jié)奏: 故事文本中包含兩種時間，即事件時間與表達(dá)時間。常見的敘事節(jié)奏包括概述、擴(kuò)述、省略 等。(4)敘事時序：一篇故

2、事通常包含兩種時序，一個是事件發(fā)生的順序，一般是由事件發(fā) 生的原因、事件發(fā)生的經(jīng)過、事件發(fā)生的結(jié)果構(gòu)成，基本不會出現(xiàn)顛倒的情況。另一個是故 事表達(dá)的順序，可以與事件發(fā)生的順序不相一致。通過結(jié)構(gòu)分析來把握敘事的主題與意義是敘事分析模式的重要貢獻(xiàn)。構(gòu)建敘事分析模式 旨在為重建敘事文本的深層結(jié)構(gòu)意義提供方法上的指導(dǎo)，這種研究不再從某個具體故事出 發(fā)，而是關(guān)注研究故事的結(jié)構(gòu)特征，由此突出故事自身的抽象性質(zhì)。常見的故事表達(dá)模式結(jié) 構(gòu)如下：表1:故事語篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)(1 )故事山(Story Mountain)模式：介紹一開展一沖突一解決一結(jié)尾。(2)表達(dá)圖示(Narration Schema)模式：引子一

3、情節(jié)-高潮-尾聲。(3)拉波夫(Labov)模式：點題一指向進(jìn)展評議-結(jié)局回應(yīng)(coda)拉波夫結(jié)構(gòu)模式中進(jìn)展是故事按時間先后順序的呈現(xiàn)，回答先發(fā)生了什么，后發(fā)生了什 么，故事隨著時間的推移不斷地演變，呈現(xiàn)出線性結(jié)構(gòu)，讓讀者有一條清晰可循的思路。顯 然，拉波夫結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的進(jìn)展局部概括了故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的“開展-沖突一解決”以及 表達(dá)圖式結(jié)構(gòu)模式中的“情節(jié)一-高潮”，不同的是故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式和表達(dá)圖示結(jié)構(gòu)模式更 強(qiáng)調(diào)沖突或者高潮，能更好解釋純故事語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)程式性特征。相較于表達(dá)圖式結(jié)構(gòu)模式, 故事山結(jié)構(gòu)模式更加強(qiáng)調(diào)沖突的解決，更加適合解釋沖突得以解決的故事語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)程式性 特征。因此以上三種結(jié)構(gòu)模

4、式分別適合解釋不同類型故事語篇的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)程式。語篇的事件的開展是沿著一定的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)與表達(dá)角度展開的。特別是記敘類的文章， 作者在語篇中一定事先設(shè)定好表達(dá)的視角，即站在誰的角度進(jìn)行表達(dá)。表2：故事情節(jié)的表達(dá)視角Grandfather knew this and wanted to help Matt.【答案】Matt never played because he thought he was not good enough. He was afraid of making a mistake. He was old enough and big enough but he was too af

5、raid to try. He thought he would never be able to hit the ball. Then he would let everyone down, and they would laugh at him. And if he hit the ball, he would be too slow to run to first base, or he might miss the ball when it was thrown to him.Grandfather knew this and wanted to help Matt. Holding

6、a ball, Grandfather strolled over to Matt and yelled, “Hey, Matt. Matt jumped up with great surprise. Grandpa!he shouted. I want to play baseball. Will you do me a favor to play with me? Grandfather asked. Matt hesitated, head down. Sorry, I cant I play.“Come on, boy! Lefs have fun. With Grandfather

7、 patient encouragements and constant praise, he gradually felt easy to play baseball freely. Matt was confident and he did play in the very next baseball game, which turned out to be an unexpected success.3. （2022.山東濟(jì)南.二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一 篇完整的短文。At around 6 pm, Jane and her husband, Ch

8、arlie were driving on the road.They were incredibly excited because they would attend the dream wedding of her daughter Iris the next day.As they drove beyond a town heat their destination, the sky grew darker and darker and suddenly the rain poured down.When they were approaching a bridge, a wave o

9、f fast- moving water washed over the top of it.Within seconds, the rapids had lifted the little white car into the river, It happened so quickly that they were too shocked to scream.Finally, the car caught e an object in the middle of the river.Muddy flood water was pouring into the car and rising q

10、uickly.Jane knew they had to get out quickly before the water rose too high in the car.Forcing the door open, Charlie jumped into the flood from the back row.Meanwhile, Jane grabbed the front door handle and tried to open it but in vain/lry it again!1 her husband shouted anxiously.Hearing that, Jane

11、 took hold of the handle, using all her strength, and was able to pull the door open.She came out of the vehicle and finally reached Charlie, coughing and shaking. They leaned tightly against the back of the Car and screamed for help.At the sane tines a truck driver called Joe was complaining about

12、the bad weather in his truck parked in his yard near the river.He had planned a road trip.Suddenly, carrying over the roar of the water, he heard screams coming from the river and rushed out immediately, spotting a car in the river.nrve got to do something,9,he told himself.But how did he approach t

13、he car in such a complete darkness? Without thinking twice, Joe returned to his truck and drove to the river bank.Then he turned on the headlights and got a long rope from it.After that, he fastened the one end of the rope to the truck tight.注意：.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。The water was still ris

14、ing.Joe finally reached the couple.【答案】The water was still rising. By this time, the swelling water had reached the chest of Charlie and Jane, who shivered uncontrollably and could not tell whether they trembled because of cold or fright. Fortunately, they spotted the flashing headlights of Joes tru

15、ck and caught a glimpse of his stout figure shape approaching them with a long rope. A strong torrent, coupled with the showering rain, washed over Joe and nearly swallowed him. However, this determined man rose to the flood and forged ahead, painfully and laboriously.Joe finally reached the couple.

16、 Catching the rope.1 he yelled at the top of his lungs. Having received Joes message, Charlie and Jane twisted their figures and clutched the rope tightly. Together, three of them swam against the torrent along the rope and finally made it to the bank. As Joe hauled the couple from the flood, the br

17、eathless Jane was too moved to utter a single word. Only Charlie held Joes hands tightly and sputtered with a choking tone, nThank. you., you. kind stranger, without. your help, Jane and I would have been. drowned to death. Joe shrugged off and said anyone at his place would have done the same thing

18、. Indeed, what a narrowescape they had and what a good Samaritan Joe is!從內(nèi)局部析的實踐從外部觀察的事件表達(dá)者作為人物在情節(jié)中出現(xiàn)視角1:主人公自己講述故事視角2：見證人講述主人公的故事表達(dá)者不是人物，不在情節(jié)中出現(xiàn)視角3：心理分析，或人所不知的 作者講述故事視角4：作者從外部講故事讀后續(xù)寫是一種寫作訓(xùn)練方法，它給予學(xué)生一定長度的英語閱讀材料，抹去文章的中間 和結(jié)尾局部，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所讀材料，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行續(xù)寫工作，補(bǔ)全內(nèi)容。它是借 助上下文，通過人與閱讀材料之間發(fā)生的互動協(xié)同作用來訓(xùn)練學(xué)生寫作能力的一種方法。在 讀后

19、續(xù)寫實踐中，要強(qiáng)化敘事與論說的協(xié)同。英語敘事文體與論說文體寫作的共同特征主題觀點一致性。文章主題與作者觀點是貫穿于整個語篇理解中的核心因素，敘事和論 說的主題與觀點應(yīng)在續(xù)寫過程中與原文語篇相互協(xié)調(diào)，趨于一致，才能有效地保持文章的主 題延續(xù)與觀點統(tǒng)一。假設(shè)在閱讀與寫作的過程中出現(xiàn)主題觀點偏頗或相左，那么無法保持語篇 中主題和態(tài)度的連貫性與合理性。內(nèi)容信息完整性。在敘事文體中，故事遵循記敘文體特征，其續(xù)寫局部應(yīng)保存原文所出 現(xiàn)的人物、情節(jié)和場景信息；論說文體那么需建立在原文論點和論據(jù)的判斷基礎(chǔ)上，延續(xù)原文 的論述主張，并提出與原文觀點相符的新論點與論據(jù)。因此，兩種文體的“讀后續(xù)寫”必須 模仿并遵循

20、原文文本信息，并進(jìn)行動態(tài)性、創(chuàng)造性的語篇內(nèi)容協(xié)同，使全文內(nèi)容保持完整性。邏輯思維合理性。邏輯思維的合理性表達(dá)在英語原文與續(xù)寫段落之間的概念梳理、邏輯 推理和因果關(guān)系等情境判斷之中。敘事文體續(xù)寫需保持與原文人物、地點、時間、因果關(guān)系 一致的情節(jié)安排合理性，論說文體那么維系原文論點、論據(jù)、論證所與其續(xù)寫局部的邏輯相符 性，均展現(xiàn)語篇層面上讀后續(xù)寫的邏輯協(xié)同特征。語言連接順暢性。讀后續(xù)寫既是模仿，又是創(chuàng)造。在語篇材料閱讀的過程中，學(xué)生習(xí)得 原文用語，并在表達(dá)新內(nèi)容的同時，創(chuàng)造性地模仿源語文本。在敘事文體和論說文體都可出 現(xiàn)詞塊與句型的重復(fù)運用，同時，在語篇中適當(dāng)運用表達(dá)時間、因果或遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系的連接詞

21、， 使前后語篇語言連接自然，行文流暢。文章體裁統(tǒng)一性。無論是哪種文體的英語文章，原文與續(xù)寫的文章體裁必須保持一致。 敘事文體的記敘性，論說文體的說理性，應(yīng)在閱讀與續(xù)寫中相互協(xié)同互動，延續(xù)其文體特征 和寫作手法，保持其語篇體裁的統(tǒng)一性。歷年高考中以凸顯沖突為主要目的的純故事語篇情節(jié)跌宕起伏，實現(xiàn)戲劇性效果。其語 篇結(jié)構(gòu)程式可概括為“介紹一開展一沖突一矛盾解決一結(jié)局”。以凸顯主題為主要目的故 事語篇，其情節(jié)一般比擬平緩且沒有高潮，在陳述中通過表達(dá)故事事件之間的先后、因果 等關(guān)系而展開。該類故事語篇結(jié)構(gòu)程式可概括為“指向一進(jìn)展一結(jié)局”。高考讀后續(xù)寫所給 語篇一般而言是簡短故事文本，不是復(fù)雜文學(xué)文本。

22、有主題故事語篇的主題比擬單一，通 過簡單敘事實現(xiàn)主題凸顯；純故事性的語篇那么一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)主題的表達(dá)，且沖突聚焦。止匕外， 此類語篇篇章結(jié)構(gòu)程式性強(qiáng)，情節(jié)上沒有太多回環(huán)往復(fù)，一般不會節(jié)外生枝。讀后續(xù)寫中的敘事進(jìn)程分析及寫作構(gòu)思拉波夫敘事分析模式對于學(xué)生從整體語篇分析的視角進(jìn)行閱讀具有很強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)性，有 利于提高學(xué)生的語篇分析能力，加強(qiáng)文本理解的品質(zhì)。上文利用拉波夫的敘事分析模式對 該續(xù)寫語篇進(jìn)行宏觀分析后，學(xué)生能更好地把握作者所述故事的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，更加明確地認(rèn)識 故事的主題、開展及作者的情感態(tài)度，為接下來的續(xù)寫活動奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。Once u

23、pon a time, there was a beautiful town and a couple of lovers would often stay on the top of the mountain, enjoying the sunrise and by the sea appreciating the sunset. Everyone who knew them couldnt help envying them fbr their happy love.One day the man was seriously injured and lying in hospital fo

24、r many days without any consciousness. The woman guarded him by the bed in daytime calling his name nonstop and at night, she would go to the church and pray to God until her tears ran out. A month passed by and the man was still sleeping. Finally, God was so moved by her persistence that he would l

25、ike to do her a special favor.God said, “I can help your lover recover on condition that you promise to be a butterfly for three years. Do you agree with that deaPShe said excitedly and firmly, “Yes, I do! Never will I regret doing that.”The next day, the woman was transformed into a butterfly, flyi

26、ng hurriedly to the hospital. It turned out that the man came to his consciousness and woke up, talking with a doctor.She could not hear what they were talking about because she couldnt fly into the room. What she could do was to watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.Another spring came a

27、nd the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man, only to find that there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that moment she was so shocked that she almost fell down from the sky. She could hardly believe her eyes. It was said that the man was seriously ill during Christmas and that tha

28、t pretty female doctor took care of him and that finally they fell in sweet love. The butterfly felt heartbroken. In the following days, she often saw the man take the woman to the top mountain to enjoy the sunrise and to the seaside to appreciate the sunset. All these should have belonged to her. B

29、ut now they belonged to another woman. 注意：1.所續(xù)寫的短文詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；3.續(xù)寫局部分為二段，每段的開頭語已經(jīng)為你寫好。Paragraph 1:The butterfly could do nothing but rest on the mans shoulder off and on.Paragraph 2:God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly,敘事進(jìn)程分析及拓展策略舉例：.定位故事主題，尋找點題主線點題是在敘事之前對要講的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡短的概述，會告訴讀者到底發(fā)生了什 么故事。點題不僅能使文章

30、中心突出，主題鮮明，而且能給讀者留下深刻的印象。在上述讀 后續(xù)寫中，學(xué)生經(jīng)過閱讀能很快就能判斷點題出現(xiàn)在文章的第一段并可能將其概括為：Once upon a time,there was a couple of lovers whose love was envied by everyone who knew them. 通 過鎖定文章的點題，學(xué)生就知道了作者要講述的是一對戀人之間的愛情故事，從而對語篇的 整體概貌有了初步的整體感知。.分析敘事成分，明確目的指向指向是敘事者對時間、地點、人物、活動或情景等故事 要素的交代。有時指向的局部 要素會連同點題出現(xiàn)在文章的首段或首句。課堂教學(xué)中，教師要

31、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生找出故事里所涉 獵到的各種要素。例如，上述續(xù)寫中，故事中出現(xiàn)的人物有一對戀人、一位女醫(yī)生和上帝; 時間是很久以前；地點是在一個漂亮的小鎮(zhèn)上；背景是男戀人病重后在醫(yī)院住院看病。指 向?qū)⒐适碌幕疽刂鹨怀尸F(xiàn)，能讓學(xué)生對事件形成畫面感和代入感，有利于他們對故事的 理解和體會。因此，厘清這些要素對于把握故事的開展走向具有 重大的作用。.推敲故事進(jìn)展，推測開展方向進(jìn)展是指故事中的情節(jié)是如何向前推進(jìn)的，是決定故事精彩與否的最重要因素，是敘事 語篇的核心局部。例如，上述續(xù)寫中表示進(jìn)展局部的關(guān)鍵語句及其開展順序：男戀人生病住 院寅女戀人日夜陪在身邊寅女戀人去教堂向上帝祈禱寅男戀人依然昏迷不醒寅上帝提

32、供幫 助寅女戀人變成蝴蝶寅男戀人恢復(fù)意識并清醒過來寅男戀人和女醫(yī)生相愛了寅男戀人帶女 醫(yī)生去欣賞日出日落寅蝴 蝶心碎不已。通過分析故事的進(jìn)展，可以看到情節(jié)不斷地向前發(fā) 展演進(jìn)，學(xué)生對于文章的理解也更加深入透徹。.感受敘事評議，合理拓展情感評議是敘事者或者故事中相關(guān)的人物對事件的看法、態(tài)度和心理，包含對故事的起因、 結(jié)果以及過程中事件要點的評議。語篇的第四段有一處評議：What she could do was to watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.”作者用 helplessly 一詞表現(xiàn)了蝴蝶對于不能靠近 自己為之祈禱守護(hù)的男戀

33、人的百般無奈。第五段也有一處評議：Another spring came and the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man, only to find that there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that moment she was so shocked that she almost fell down from the sky. She could hardly believe her eyes.”作者用only to find這一短語表達(dá)了蝴蝶發(fā)現(xiàn)男戀人已結(jié)新歡

34、后的那種意外和天塌下來一樣的絕望。分析故事中的評議，有助于學(xué)生感受主人公的內(nèi)心世 界，理解作者的寫作意圖。.合理設(shè)置情節(jié)，推動故事進(jìn)展根據(jù)續(xù)寫第一段首句The butterfly could do nothing but rest on the mans shoulder off and on引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行思考，聽到曾經(jīng)的摯愛和別人歡聲笑語、鶯燕呢喃，蝴蝶會做何感想？ 蝴蝶是為了男戀人才變成現(xiàn)在的自己，而男戀人卻愛上了別人。蝴蝶本身微小無力，不能講 話，她是單獨默默忍受這一切痛苦還是通過抗?fàn)巵韸Z回自己的摯愛呢？因此續(xù)寫第一段，學(xué) 生可以通過心理描寫和動作描寫把蝴蝶的內(nèi)心矛盾淋漓盡致地展現(xiàn)出來，也

35、可以把蝴蝶勇敢 奪愛的過程寫出來，從而將原文的進(jìn)展推向高潮。.基于表達(dá)視角，合理設(shè)置結(jié)局結(jié)局是指故事開展到最后是怎樣的一個結(jié)果。它是對故事核心矛盾的一個交代，標(biāo)志著 敘事的結(jié)束，包含人物的下場、目的的實現(xiàn)或失敗。在續(xù)寫尾段中，學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)情節(jié)開展 創(chuàng)造出合情合理的結(jié)局，解決故事中出現(xiàn)的主要矛盾。而回應(yīng)是敘事者通過所述故事揭示 出一定的道理，是對故事主題的升華。為了使讀者或聽眾對故事有一個完整的了解，敘事者 往往在故事的結(jié)尾用一兩句話照應(yīng)主題。但是有時候，敘事者會把故事的意義留給讀者自 己去體會和思考，因此并不是所有的記敘文都有回應(yīng)這一要素，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的情況 來選擇寫 或不寫。續(xù)寫尾段首句

36、是 God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly/cDo you regret for what you have done?”上帝看到蝴蝶悲傷欲絕、萎靡不振的狀態(tài)，也感嘆地問她是否后悔 為男戀人所做的一切？那么結(jié)局到底怎么設(shè)定呢？后悔還是不后悔？學(xué)生可以進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng) 暴，發(fā)揮想象，只要能自圓其說即可。（2022.重慶南開中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭續(xù)寫兩段，使 之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。I opened the package containing individually wrapped Lego sets for my tw

37、o boys from Lisa, who was a nurse in New Hampshire. We used to be total strangers, but an incident made us less strange.Last August, we drove from our home in Washington, DC, to New Hampshire. It was just me, my husband, and our two kids out for a nice, safe, socially distanced week away.We had hike

38、d about half a mile to a popular spot called Dianas Baths, where the water falls off a series of flat huge rocks like an M. C. Escher drawing. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.Both where we sat and down below, the water fell

39、into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were splashing around. I watched as some younger parents nervously protected their toddlers away from the rocks edges, feeling grateful that I was out of that stage, for our kids, at six and eight, could navigate their physical space with more confidence. Do

40、nt get me wrong: I was still terrified as I saw my two boys jump between the slippery rocks. But soon T relaxed and we were all having fun, splashing in the pools, my kids laughing as my husband swam under the cold running water. Then, seconds later, every fear Id ever had rose to the surface.I turn

41、ed and saw my son Wyatt sitting down between two rocks in a fast-moving stream. I yelled at him to get out and he yelled back something that I couldnt hear, and then he disappeared over the edge!All I remember from the moments after is screaming, over and over! Somebody help my son! ” I didnt even k

42、now what help he needed, because I couldnt force myself to look.My husband was already sprinting down the rocks. I continued to scream for help. However, it did not work. Everyone else looked on from a distance, too afraid or unbothered to help.注意：1 .續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。A brown-haired wo

43、men with a mask was the only exception.The rescue team finally came and took Wyatt out of the park on a stretcher （擔(dān)架）.故事開展的階段分析導(dǎo)引【答案】階段功能舉例背景介紹故事的發(fā)生的情景描述激起心理感受與開展意向事件鏈續(xù)寫一系列的事件效果事件產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實影響問題/難題反向期望/激起緊張感問題解決釋放緊張的氣氛評論引入表達(dá)者的評論反思引入其他參與者的想法A brown-haired women with a mask was the only exception. This wom

44、an didnt hesitate. Infact, by the time I had climbed down the rocks and my husband had pulled Wyatt out of the water, she had already called 911. She told me that she was a nurse. She gave Wyatt a red, white, and blue striped towel to put under his head. I finally had the chance to ask her name. Lis

45、a, “ she said, “and Im not leaving you.”The rescue team finally came and took Wyatt out of the park on a stretcher. An ambulancetook us to a hospital. As soon as I knew that Wyatt was going to be OK, my thoughts fell to Lisa. If she had not stepped up, would someone else have done so? Perhaps. But s

46、he was the one who went toward the unthinkable instead of turning away.【寫作解析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了我們?nèi)页鲩T游玩的過程中，我兒子落水，遇 到好心的護(hù)士幫助救助的故事。.段落續(xù)寫：由第一段首句內(nèi)容“唯一的例外是一個戴著口罩的棕色頭發(fā)的女人?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼?這個女人幫我們的過程。由第二段首句內(nèi)容“救援隊終于來了，用擔(dān)架把懷亞特抬出了公園“可知，第二段可描寫作 者回憶Lisa幫助我們的過程。,續(xù)寫線索：緊忙呼救女士來幫助救援隊到來帶兒子去醫(yī)院兒子得救感慨.詞匯激活行為類：拉：pull/drag/haul ；說

47、：tell/say；喊：scream/shout/yell情緒類：不可想象的：unthinkable/unimaginable【典型句式】句型 1 If she had not stepped up, would someone else have done so? （if 虛擬條件句）句型 2 But she was the one who went toward the unthinkable instead of turning away. （who 弓 | 導(dǎo)的定語從句）綜合演練（2022山東臨沂二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu) 成一篇完整的短文。Thes

48、e days, Marathon des Sables runners carry a GPS tracking device and helicopters monitor their path to make sure no one gets lost, but when Mauro, a police officer, participated for the first time in 1994, there were no such safeguards in place. When youre running through the largest desert on Earth,

49、 one wrong turn can cost you your life. Mauro Prosperi did just that during the Marathon des Sables, a six-day ultramarathon that many regard as the toughest foot race in the world.The race was almost 156 miles long, taking runners across sand dunes （沙丘）with few natural sources of water. Temperature

50、s in the Sahara could reach as high as 122 degrees Fahrenheit, and each runner carried over 20 pounds of food, water, and emergency supplies on their backs. Most of these runners wouldnt end up finishing the race, which was about the same length as six regular marathons.That was how, on the fourth a

51、nd longest days of the race, the runner Mauro encountered a severe sandstorm that turned him around and sent him wildly off course.He spent eight hours waiting out the storm, huddled in a sand dune. The next morning, he expected to see rescuers heading his way. Instead, all he saw was desert in all

52、directions. After running for about for hours, I climbed up a dune and still couldnt see anything/9 he said. Thats when I knew I had a big problem.”A search party was organized to find Mauro, but rescuers had no idea he had been so far off course. Twice a helicopter circled over his head, and twice

53、they didnt see him wildly waving at them from below. He sent up his only flare （照明彈）and even set his backpack on fire hoping to catch their attention, but it was no use.When Mauros water ran out, he began drinking his own urine. He found a marabout shrine, an ancient building that once served as a t

54、omb. He took shelter from the suns rays there, drinking the blood of bats.注意：L續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2 ,請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。With his energy running out, he thought am bound to die here”.After being treated in the hospital for weakness, he made a full recovery!【答案】With his energy running out, he thought / am boun

55、d to die here Feeling exhausted and desperate, Mauro left a goodbye note to his wife on the wall of the tomb and prepared to meet his untimely end. But at the thought of his family in the remote city, he woke up with new resolve and decided to face the challenge himself. So Mauro set off once more a

56、nd hunted for insects and snakes to eat. By coincidence, Mauro walked into the camp of a nomadic tribe. They took him in and gave him goats milk and mint tea, eventually delivering him to safety.After being treated in the hospital for weakness, he made a full recovery! His survival story is a journe

57、y of desperation and almost superhuman endurance! Most people would never set foot in the desert again after such an experience, but not Mauro. Incredibly, he has now run the Marathon des Sables more than six times! Mauros story reminds us that perseverance can help us push through just about anything life throws at us! In spite of the bad situation, he found a way to carry on.（2022.湖南.二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一 篇完整的短文。Matt is ten years old and always nervous about something. When the night sneaks