小學(xué)英語-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、精品文檔新概念英語法串講在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)指的是過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果某一時(shí)間開始并 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一、現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的用 過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如：1I have finished my 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成2He has come 他已經(jīng)來了。過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：1I have studied for six 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。2I have li

2、ved Shenyang 我從 1990 年就在沈陽住。從 1990 年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)也可能就此為止。二、現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的結(jié)1肯定式：主語 + have has 過去分詞2否認(rèn)式: 主語 + have + not 過去分詞3一般疑問式 Have Has 主語 + 過去分詞4特殊疑問式 特殊疑問詞+have/has+ 主+過去分詞三、現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的時(shí)狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語包括 “already, etc。例如：We have learned about 3000 English by the of this 到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了 個(gè)英語單詞。.精品文檔注意：1) 當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)

3、間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用 for 或 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：Ive known Li for 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng) 年了。I have worked since years 自從 8 年前我就在這工作。2) 當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有 already just 時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成否認(rèn)句時(shí)把句中的 already 或 just 去掉，在句末加上 例如：I have already seen the I haven seen the He has come 注意：for since 用法。for+時(shí)段 為時(shí)間since+去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)譯為：自從以來since+段+agosince+句過去時(shí)It is+時(shí)段+since

4、+從句過去時(shí)四、過分詞變化規(guī)么如下1 、規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞：規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么與規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么相 同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)那么：1)般動(dòng)詞在詞尾直接加“ ed 。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)以“ e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d 。live-lived-lived ,(3)以“輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed 。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed 。 stop-stopped-

5、stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、 不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。例如; cut- cut,hit- hit- hit.精品文檔五、使時(shí)考前須知“have/ got 形式上是一種完時(shí)，但和 have/ has 為同一意思有。例如：Have got pen-friends? Yes, I 你有筆友嗎？是的，我有。Has got of work do? he hasn他有許多工作要做嗎？不，他沒有。 have/has 、have/has been to 和 have/has in 的區(qū)別。have/ gone 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來

6、have/ been 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ been 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用He has to Shenyang 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has in Shenyang ten 他在沈陽 10 年了。Has gone Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎？ have/ been 常和 once, twice, ever 連用；have/ gone 么不可。例如: Has ever been Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎？ Yes, s been there many 是的，他去過好幾次了。 Where they 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪耍?Theyve to 他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(稱作終

7、止性動(dòng)詞)能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come, start, die, buy, finish, borrow, 等。但它們能夠 用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。arrive, be be buy .精品文檔begin, start be die be deadget be leave, be ；go out be borrow finish/end be over open be openclose be closed join be a member 六、在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如 already肯定, 否認(rèn)，疑問

8、 just, before, recently,still, lately,never 等例如: He has already finished the work.典型例題 1：His party since 1978A.joind B.has joined C.was in D.has been in解析 ：此題考查學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的熟練掌握。 1978 表自從 1978 一直到現(xiàn)在， 表示這件事情從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞AB 均為 瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與時(shí)間段連用，故排除； 為一般過去時(shí)，也不行。答案 ；D.要牢記 一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。

9、如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)那么常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副詞和 thesedays ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只是說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去。 典型例題 2： you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ;

10、 done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished解析：此題考查一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。問句中 yet 明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而 答復(fù)中的 a moment ago 是一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。答案： B附： 動(dòng)過式去詞1、AAA 型原形、過去式和過去分詞同形：cost let letput put read.精品文檔2、 型過去式與過去分詞同形：bring brought brought build built builtbuy catch caught dug felt feltfind have hear held held

11、keep kept kept leave left leftlend lent lent meet met met pay paidsay said said sold send sent shine shone shonesit sat smelt spend spent teach taught taughttell think thought understood understood3、ABC 型原形、過去式和過去分詞各異：be was/were been begin began begun blown do done drew drink drank drunk drive driv

12、en eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forgot forgotten give gave go went gone grew knew known lie lay ride rode ridden ring rang saw seen shown sang sung take taken threw thrown woke woken wear wore worn wrote written4、ABA 型原形與過去分詞同形：become come come 5、AAB 型原形與過去式同形： beaten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)習(xí)一、選填空 Kate never C

13、hinese _ hasn she has isnt is .精品文檔 -Mum, I out and basketball?-_you_ your homework Do ；finish Arefinishing ；finish Have； His brother been Stone twice_he came to after before since for Tom_the CD player two has borrowed has has I_a from since didnt receive haven got didn have haven heard -Have ever_

14、Beijing -Yes, went gone been been My parents _ Shandong ten have in have to have to have I won go the concert because I _my lost don lose have is coming Where is Liu? - He_ the has to has to been in came Shanghai years we_here for two have to have in have have How long_you _your paper? - About three

15、 did ； have；get have； havebought tells _China for over eight has has in has to has to.精品文檔 His parents_ more 3 have here have started to work have there have the university14I_ letter him since A receive Bhavent got didnt have havent heard 15Where you these ？ have _to Dalian with A ；gone Bbeen gone

16、；been gone；gone 16How long you _ ？A Bborrowed C lent17Wheres ？ _ NanjingA going Bhas Chas Dwent 18We have lived five years A Bsince before Dafter19 have watched When _ ？A ；watched Bdo； did ； Dwill； Brown _ to Great A been has been have has gone二用詞的適當(dāng)形填空 I_ already _(see) the I_(see) it last _he_(fin

17、ish) work yet? Not _you_(be) Hong Yes, I_(be) there .精品文檔 _you ever_(eat ) chocolate? No, My father_ just_(come) from is tired Wheres Ming? He_(go) to the teachers here since I_(move) How long_ the _(stay) here For 三 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ( 每空一詞 ) I have to Macau 為否認(rèn)句I_ to Macau He hasnt to school because hes ( 就劃線局

18、部提問)_ _ come school? He learned English 5 ( 就劃線局部提)_ _ _learned English? I bought new bike ( 用 just 寫)I_ _a new We to learn English three years 改為同義句We_ _English _three 四填入 has / been 或 has / have Harry ： I you Annabels Restaurant Diana： wasnt I _ never_ Sam： Sally Tim are holiday, they? Where_they Sue： To Florida, Sam： How times_they_there?Sue： This their third .精品文檔 Stev