2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號52

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-華東師范大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題We hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, and in（）we had to walk.問題1選項A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】名詞辨析題。particular特別的，特色；consequence結(jié)果，因此；possession擁有，所有；succession接連，避承權(quán)。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢賣車

2、票，所以只能步行。選項B符合句意。2.單選題The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ec

3、osystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and long into the future. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an an

4、nual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful system of balance which humanity has partially upset and must restore.” Earth day was established as a natio

5、nal day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants

6、nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 colleges and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet was live in

7、. those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes fro

8、m vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continues with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosystem.Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, govern

9、ment agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity

10、 to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes that have taken place in the last three decades.1.This passage is mainly concerned with（）2.Acc

11、ording to the passage, on March 21, （）3.Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day?4.Which of the following statements is correct?5.It can be concluded that（）問題1選項A.how to start a national holidayB.when the Earth day was introducedC.the reasons for establishing the Earth D

12、ayD.the origin and movement of the Earth Day問題2選項A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnellB.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebrationC.day and night are equally divided throughout the worldD.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year問題3選項A.October 1, 1969.B.March 2

13、1, 1970.C.April 22, 1970.D.March 21, 1972.問題4選項A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.B.The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to all kinds of environmental pollution.C.Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and

14、agriculture because of their pollution.D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.問題5選項A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as a result of Earth Day campaignB.people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument

15、to acquire what they wantC.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in mediaD.Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past years【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:C第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 第一段主要是講世界地球日的由來以及活動；第二段主要是講地球日活動舉辦的意義。所

16、以選項D正確。選項A表述錯誤, 選項B和 C不全面。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第四句“The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox.”可知3月21號是春分。然后接下來的一句話“This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth.”說明春分這一天地球上晝夜時長

17、相等。所以選項C正確。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Earth day was established.on the day of the March Equinox.”可知, 1971年, 聯(lián)合國宣布每年3月春分那天舉行地球日慶祝活動, 地球日因此受到聯(lián)合國的歡迎。但是每年的春分在陽歷里面的日子是不固定的, 所以并不是每年的3月21號都是地球日。根據(jù)下文“When the first Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970,”可知, 1970 年 4 月 22 號是美國慶祝的第一個地球日。所以選項C正確。

18、4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段可知, 第一次地球日活動有兩千萬人參與, 但并沒有說只是學生和教員, only表述錯誤, 選項A錯誤。第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution.”可知, 人們關(guān)心的問題已擴展到空氣、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以選項B符合原文。選項C和D在文中都沒提及。5.判斷推理題。選項A文中只提到很多組織和公司都在支持地球日活動, 并沒有提及他們因活動造成了巨大損失。選項B人們

19、慶祝地球日不是為了自己的利益, 而是為了生態(tài)環(huán)保, 表述錯誤。選項C原文提到三種手段, 所以這里表達不全面。選項D符合原文最后一句話, 正確。3.單選題According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically（） to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.問題1選項A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】practical現(xiàn)實的, 實際的；flexible靈活的；fea

20、sible可行的；beneficial有好處的。句意：據(jù)越來越多的專家表示, 建立首個使用太陽能的太空殖民地在技術(shù)方面是可行的。選項C符合句意。 4.單選題No sooner had the automobile mechanic entered the room than he began to take off his（）coveralls.問題1選項A.tediousB.hollowC.greasyD.salutary【答案】C【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車修理工一進入房間就開始脫下他油膩的工作

21、服。根據(jù)常識可知選項C符合句意。5.單選題The full（）of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.問題1選項A.effortB.responseC.impactD.affection【答案】C【解析】詞義辨析題。effort努力,成就；response回答,反應；impact影響；affection情感。句意：近幾年內(nèi),人們將感受到計算機技術(shù)變革帶來的所有影響。選項C符合句意。6.翻譯題Put the following into English.十九世紀末, 中國開始舉辦師范教育。1

22、949年中華人民共和國成立之后, 在各級政府的關(guān)心和支持下, 中國師范教育進入了前所未有的發(fā)展階段。在科學技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的今天, 振興經(jīng)濟的希望在教育, 教師隊伍的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量對教育發(fā)展具有決定性的影響。在中國這樣一個擁有世界教師總量五分之一的龐大教師隊伍 的國家,人民教師的地位和作用直接關(guān)系到教育事業(yè)乃至整個國家的發(fā)展。師范教育(teacher education)【答案】At the end of 19th century, the teacher education began in China. Since the foundation of Peoples Republic of Chi

23、na in 1949, it has undergone an unprecedented development thanks to solicitude and support of the central and local government With the rapid development of technology and science nowadays, education becomes vital to the growth of economy. Its development, however, is determined by the number an pro

24、fessional expertise of teachers. China owns one-fifth of the teachers of the whole world, and the development of the educational issues and even the whole country are directly affected by the status and function of the teachers.7.單選題I prefer his plan to yours,（）it is more practical and easier to be

25、carried out.問題1選項A.for whichB.in whichC.for thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】句意：與你的計劃相比，我更喜歡他的計劃，因為它更實際，更容易執(zhí)行。in that表原因，符合句意。8.翻譯題Culture hides much more than it reveals, and strangely enough what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants. Years of study have convinced me that the real job

26、 is not to understand foreign culture but to understand our own. I am also convinced that all that one ever gets from studying foreign culture is a token understanding. The ultimate reason for such study is to learn more about how ones own system works. The best reason for exposing oneself to foreig

27、n ways is generate a sense of vitality and awareness - an interest in life which can come only when one lives through the shock of contrast and difference. The best reason for the layperson to spend time studying culture is that he/she can learn something useful and enlightening about himself/hersel

28、f. This can be an interesting process, at time harrowing but ultimately rewarding. One of the most effective ways to learn about oneself is by taking seriously the cultures of others. It forces you to pay attention to those details of life which differentiate them from you.【答案】文化隱藏的東西遠比它揭示的要多。奇怪的是,

29、它所隱藏的東西, 最不容易被它原創(chuàng)居民發(fā)現(xiàn)。多年的研究使我們了解到, 我們真正要做的, 不是去理解外國文化, 而是理解我們自己的文化。我也認為, 人們學習外國文化是表意的理解。這樣學習的根本原因是為了更多了解自己的文化機制是如何運作的。讓自己充分學習外國文化的最佳方式就是將其生動化和培養(yǎng)自我意識。盡管這樣做的樂趣僅存在與人們生活在文化對比和差異的驚訝之中。外出行走學習文化的最好之處在于當事人能夠?qū)W到有用的東西并且啟發(fā)自己。這可能是個有意思的過程, 雖然耗時但很值得。了解自己最好的途徑就是認真對待別人的文化, 它使你能夠正視讓你不同于對方的生活細節(jié)。9.單選題I sent invitations

30、 to 80 people,（）have replied.問題1選項A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：我邀請了80人,其中只有20人回復了。of表從屬關(guān)系,在這里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。選項A重復,選項C表述正確。10.單選題The discussion quickly became a very（）argument about increasing prices.問題1選項A.explodedB.roaringC

31、.boilingD.heated【答案】D【解析】詞義辨析題。exploded爆炸；roaring咆哮；boiling沸騰；heated激烈的。句意：關(guān)于價格增長的討論很快發(fā)展成為一場非常激烈的爭論。選項D符合句意。11.單選題In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. The medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding information; the information itself is th

32、e thing of value.Three popular categories of information media are paper, film，and electronic storage devices. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however; it must be viewed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations that build

33、effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the manager of a firms information resources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the

34、 organizations objectives.For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. Examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media. Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files create

35、d on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated within organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative plann

36、ing. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be cr

37、eated because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of communicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line c

38、omputer communication. The additional application may cost less than postage to mail paper memo.1.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?2.The first paragraph aims at telling the reader（）3.According to the author, （）4.For effective management of information resources, the manager should

39、（）5.The main idea of the last paragraph is （）問題1選項A.Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.B.The Importance and Necessity of Media Conversion.C.Three Categories of Information Media.D.Various Means of Communicating Information.問題2選項A.the importance of information resources managementB.the

40、 relationship between the medium and informationC.the great variety of media for holding informationD.the numerous resources of information問題3選項A.paper is the best storage deviceB.people have three choices in selecting information mediumC.it is better to let the person responsible for information-re

41、source management determine the mediumD.the manager should build an effective system by selecting a good combination of different media問題4選項A.convert all paper documents to electronic mediaB.make media conversion when necessaryC.control the media used to generate information both inside and outside

42、his organizationD.use one format in processing information問題5選項A.paper record is the most convenient medium for later referenceB.electronic mail costs less than postage to mail paper memosC.different media for information maybe selected for different purposesD.by using different media，a firm can cre

43、ate various information for its objectives【答案】第1題:A第2題:B第3題:D第4題:B第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要是講信息資源管理中的媒介選擇。選項A正確，其余選項都是片面的觀點。2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知：媒介是一種承載信息的載體、工具或容器；信息本身就是有價值的東西。所以本段主要是講媒體與信息之間的關(guān)系。選項B正確。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ The media choice . that build effective systems.”媒體的選擇不能被視為這三種選擇之一；它必須被視為一個機會，從眾多的媒體選

44、擇的可能性組合，以建立有效的系統(tǒng)。選項D符合原文。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary.”為了有效地管理信息資源，可能需要進行媒體轉(zhuǎn)換。選項B符合原文。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“The medium for information may be selected to satisfy a need that exists when information is created and communicated.”信息

45、媒體可能被選擇，以滿足在創(chuàng)建和傳播信息時存在的需要。也就是說不同信息媒體的選擇是出于不同的目的。選項C符合原文。12.單選題Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.問題1選項A.should quarrelB.might quarrelC.could have quarreledD.must have quarreled【答案】D【解析】考查推測。根據(jù)句意：彼得和大衛(wèi)最近關(guān)系不好。他們一定是為了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推測用must，選項D正確。13.單選題Tom warne

46、d his friend that he would（）the law if he stole.問題1選項A.abide byB.fall afoul ofC.do away withD.lay down【答案】B【解析】詞組辨析題。abide by遵守；fell afoul of與.相抵觸、冒犯；do away with廢除；lay down制定、放下。句意：Tom警告他的朋友，如果偷竊，他將觸犯法律。選項B符合句意。14.單選題That terrible noise is（）me mad.問題1選項A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考

47、查固定搭配題。drive sb.使某人.。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼瘋了。15.單選題Its（）in the regulation that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.問題1選項A.laid uponB.laid outC.laid upD.laid down【答案】D【解析】詞組辨析題。lay upon隨而定,把重點放在；lay out展示,安排；lay up貯存,擱置,臥床不起；lay down放下,制定,鋪設(shè),主張。句意：條例規(guī)定您只能攜帶20公斤的行李。選項D符合句意。16.單選題People of different race

48、s should live in（）with each other for global peace.問題1選項A.harmonyB.federationC.unityD.union【答案】A【解析】詞義辨析題。harmony和諧；federation聯(lián)邦；unity團結(jié)；union聯(lián)合。句意：為了世界和平,不同種族的人民應該和睦相處。選項A符合句意。17.單選題Both of them are too stubborn to agree to（）, so they had to be assigned to different branches.問題1選項A.a friendshipB.a

49、compromiseC.a judgmentD.an emotion【答案】B【解析】詞義辨析題。句意：他們兩個都很固執(zhí),不肯妥協(xié),所以不得不分管不同的部門。選項B項符合句意。18.單選題Our modern civilization must not be thought of as（）in a short period of time.問題1選項A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們的現(xiàn)代文明不應該被認為是在短時間內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來的。根據(jù)civil

50、ization被create確定用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)create的動作從過去開始發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且將持續(xù)下去確定用現(xiàn)在完成時，C選項having been created符合題意。因此C選項正確。19.翻譯題As soon as a woman has caught her man, she “gives up her career for love”一or, at least, that is what she will tell him. He could hardly be flattered by the thought that she had been saved in the n

51、ick of time from having to sweat her way through examinations, but he would much rather get drunk on the idea of the love 4【答案】女人一旦捕獲了自己的男人，便會“為了愛情而放棄事業(yè)”，或者，至少她會對男人如是說。雖說他大概不會既得意洋洋地認為，是他在緊要關(guān)頭救了她，使她免受考試的煎熬， 但他卻寧愿陶醉于愛情“無法折衷”的想法，而這種想法是她故意裝作對她才有的想法。 他甚至認為，也許她本來可以成為一名著名的外科醫(yī)生或出色的新聞記者，而她卻為了自己放棄了所有的一切。但他永遠不

52、會想到，她更愿意當一個著名外科醫(yī)生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承擔責任，就能享有他那樣的收入和地位。因此，為了彌補她所做出的巨大犧牲，他決心讓她在自己的身邊過上舒舒服服的曰子。20.單選題Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled（）the decision made by our fellow countrymen.問題1選項A.forB.onC.toD.in【答案】C【解析】reconcile to為固定搭配,表示“順從于”。句意：雖然我們對選舉結(jié)果感到不滿意,但是

53、我們不得不順從于我們的同胞們作出的決定。21.單選題The soil is part of the earth,（）the atmosphere.問題1選項A.as it isB.the same isC.so isD.and so is【答案】D【解析】as it is實際上,事實上,既然如此；same常用搭配是the same as；選項C缺少連詞，所以本題選項D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,大氣也是。22.單選題People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assum

54、e that the past is entirely different from the present, and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past. But it is not true that the past is entirely different from the present. We can learn much of value from its similarity and its difference.A tremendous change in the conditions of hu

55、man life and in our knowledge and control of the natural world has taken place since ancient times. The ancients could not, however, see in advance our contemporary technical and social environment, and hence have no advice to offer us about the particular problems facing us. But, although social an

56、d economic arrangements vary with time and place, man still remains man. We and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.The poets bear witness that ancient man, too, saw the sun rise and set, felt the wind on his cheek, was possessed by love a

57、nd desire, experienced joy and excitement as well as frustration and disappointment, and knew good and evil. The ancient poets speak across the centuries to us, sometimes more directly and vividly than our contemporary writers. And the ancient prophets and philosophers, in dealing with the basic pro

58、blems of men living together in society, still have something to say to us.We also learn from the past by considering the respects in which it differs from the present. We can discover where we are today and what we have become by knowing what the people of the past did and thought. And part of the

59、pastour personal past and that of the racealways lives in us.1.According to the writer, our past can teach us quite a lot because （）2.In the second paragraph, the writer places great emphasis on the fact that （）3.Judging from the context, the reason for the writer to talk about the poets is that （）4

60、.In the first line of the last paragraph, the sentence “We can discover where we are today.” means （）5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?問題1選項A.it is very different from the presentB.it is quite the same as the presentC.we can draw many lessons from itD.we are not w