2022年考研考博-考博英語-大連理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號29

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-大連理工大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題First we should exclude all facts and observations that are not （ ） to the investigation in question.問題1選項A.equivalentB.relevantC.similarD.inferior【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。equivalent “相等的”；relevant “相關(guān)的”；similar “相似的”；inf

2、erior “下等的”。句意：首先，我們應(yīng)該排除所有與當(dāng)下調(diào)查無關(guān)的事實和意見。選項B符合題意。2.單選題We （ ）Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.問題1選項A.subjectB.attributeC.oweD.refer【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。subject to “使服從”；attribute to “把歸因于”；owe to “歸功于”；refer to “參考，涉及”。句意：我們把愛迪生的成功歸因于他的聰明和努力。選項B符合題意。3.單選題Children always are （ ） about thi

3、ngs they do not know.問題1選項A.curiousB.queerC.strangeD.quaint【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Curious “好奇的”；queer “奇怪的”；strange “奇怪的”；quaint “離奇有趣的”。句意：孩子們往往對他們所不知道的事情感到好奇。選項A符合題意。4.單選題Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.問題1選項A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。c

4、ontaminate “污染”；compliment “恭維”；contemplate “沉思，注視”； complement “補充”。句意：電影導(dǎo)演用音樂來補充熒幕上的動作。選項D符合題意。5.單選題I am sure you would have seen her if you （ ）that evening.問題1選項A.had turned outB.had turned onC.had turned inD.had turned up【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turn out “結(jié)果是”；turn on “打開”；turn in “交上”；turn up “出現(xiàn)”。句意：

5、我確信如果你那天晚上出現(xiàn)的話肯定能夠看到她。選項D符合題意。6.單選題The （ ）of the soil can be increased by using more fertilizers.問題1選項A.produceB.productC.productivityD.production【答案】C【解析】考查形似名詞詞義辨析。produce “產(chǎn)品”；product “產(chǎn)品，結(jié)果”；productivity “生產(chǎn)力”；production “成果，產(chǎn)品”。句意：通過使用更多肥料來提高土壤的生產(chǎn)力。選項C符合題意。7.單選題 ） ofthe delivery port and shippi

6、ng is available atany time.問題1選項A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。garage “車庫”；cabinet “櫥柜”；capsule “膠囊”；warehouse “倉庫”。句意：完成的產(chǎn)品都儲藏在一個交貨港的倉庫里，隨時都可以交貨。選項D符合題意。8.單選題Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.問題1選項A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考

7、查動詞詞義辨析。degrade “降級，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，喚起”；divert “轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項B符合題意。9.單選題Mary once（ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.問題1選項A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。merge “混合”；collaborate “合作”；coincide “一致”；constitute “組成

8、，構(gòu)成”。句意：瑪麗曾經(jīng)與另外一位音樂家合作寫了一首流行曲。選項B符合題意。10.單選題They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.問題1選項A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。adopt “采取，采納”；acquire “獲得”；accumulate “積攢”；assemble “集合，聚集”。句意：他們向聚集在一起的客人宣布他們訂婚的消息。選項D符合題意。11.翻譯題It is simple enough to

9、 say that since books have classes- fiction, biography, poetry-we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be tr

10、ue, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker a

11、nd accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of the first

12、sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人

13、要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會是一個好的開始。不要去強加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個獨特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。12.單選題Visions are asked to （ ）with

14、 the regulations.問題1選項A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。conflict “沖突”；consult “咨詢”；comply “遵守”；contrast “對比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于規(guī)則。選項C符合題意。13.單選題Many of the inventions that made people （ ）and have determined the inventions of American industry were related to agriculture and food produc

15、tion.問題1選項A.abundantB.affluentC.sufficientD.pleasant【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Abundant “豐富的，充裕的”；affluent “富裕的，豐富的”；sufficient “足夠的，充分的”；pleasant “令人愉快的，舒適的”。句意：那些使人們富裕并且決定了美國工業(yè)創(chuàng)新的大多數(shù)發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食物生產(chǎn)相關(guān)?？崭裉幩畹膯卧~是作people的補足語，所以選項B符合題意。14.單選題There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .問題1選項A.declineB.vacancyC.ra

16、rityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕見；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本勞動力不足的問題很難解決。選項D符合題意。15.單選題Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)問題1選項A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。constrained “被強迫的”；dominated

17、“占主導(dǎo)地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；無空閑的”。句意：她熱衷于給這個大房子重新裝修，為此她會忙碌整個星期。選項D符合題意。16.單選題These instruments, which break up structures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（ ） and separated from the whole.問題1選項A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。

18、amplify “擴大，放大”，多指將聲音或者電流放大； magnify “放大”，多指通過放大鏡等物品將影像擴大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。句意：通過將設(shè)備打開而進行更詳細的檢查，這些工具展示了如何將細節(jié)擴大并把它們從整體中區(qū)分開來。選項B符合題意。17.單選題If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.問題1選項A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查動

19、詞詞義辨析。diffuse “擴散”；diminish “減少”；terminate “使終止，使結(jié)束”；preclude “排除，妨礙”。句意：如果我們結(jié)束與那個國家的關(guān)系，我們必須尋找其他原材料提供國。選項C符合題意。18.翻譯題The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first a

20、nd foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, mos

21、t of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other reg

22、ions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the

23、 least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political co

24、nditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old

25、countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can p

26、ut their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.【答案】任何一個國家的“生活水平”指的是那個國家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和提供的服務(wù)為普通民眾所分享的情況。因此，一個國家的生活水平首先取決于它創(chuàng)造財富的能力。在這個意義上的“財富”并不是指錢，因為我們并不依靠錢而是依靠錢能買到的東西生存：比如像食物和衣服這樣的“東西”，像交通和娛樂這樣的“服務(wù)”。一個國家創(chuàng)造財富的能力取決于很多因素，這些因素相互影響。財富在很大程度上依靠國家的自然資

27、源，比如煤、金礦以及其他礦藏、肥沃的土壤和適宜的氣候。有些地區(qū)可能只有這些資源中的一種，而有些地區(qū)一樣都沒有。美國是世界上最富裕的國家之一，因為在她的境內(nèi)有著豐富的自然資源，肥沃的土壤和多樣的氣候。與之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最貧困的地區(qū)之一。僅次于自然資源的是使用這些資源的能力。中國也許和美國一樣擁有豐富的自然資源，但是遭受多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)外戰(zhàn)，以及一些其他的原因?qū)е轮袊鴽]有很好地利用她的能源。安穩(wěn)的政治環(huán)境、免受外來侵略勢力的威脅才能讓一個國家和平穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展本國自然資源，并且能夠比其他擁有同樣多自然資源但缺乏秩序的國家創(chuàng)造出更多的財富。另外一個重要的因素便是一個國家人民的科技效率。經(jīng)過數(shù)個世紀(jì)，

28、古老的國家培訓(xùn)出大量熟練技工與技師所創(chuàng)造出來的財富遠遠多于那些擁有大量非熟練工人的國家。財富同樣能創(chuàng)造財富。當(dāng)一個國家變得富裕起來，人民便有了大量的積蓄，他們可以將這些積蓄投入到工廠機器中，幫助工人生產(chǎn)出更多的商品。19.單選題It only takes a （ ） of a second for the computer to do the calculation which a humanwill spend days to do.問題1選項A.fictionB.reductionC.functionD.fraction【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fiction “小說”；redu

29、ction “減少，下降”；function “功能”；fraction “小部分”。句意：電腦只需要一會就完成了人類需要幾天才能完成的運算。選項D符合題意。選項D符合題意。20.單選題I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（ ） a rest.問題1選項A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deserve “應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受”；preserve “保存”；conceive “設(shè)想懷孕”；receive “收到”。句意：我花了四個周末寫論文

30、，現(xiàn)在覺得我應(yīng)該休息一下了。選項A符合題意。21.單選題Theyll have you（ ） if you dont pay your taxes.問題1選項A.to be arrestedB.arrestC.arrestedD.being arrested【答案】C【解析】考查have sb. done 句型。 have sb. done 表示“讓某人被”；have sb. do “讓某人做”；have sb. doing “讓某人一直做”。句意：你如果不納稅，他們會讓你被捕。選項C符合題意。22.單選題A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was r

31、ubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.問題1選項A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛擊”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：廚房的一扇窗戶被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗簾和地毯被偷走了。選項B符合題意。23.翻譯題來美國求學(xué)的中國學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣，大多非?？炭嗲趭^，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時間去實驗室加班，因而比起美國學(xué)生來，成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人，嗜

32、煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實驗室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余 5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實驗室的門上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7 天，早10時至晚12時，工作時間必須全力以赴?！边@位導(dǎo)師的嚴格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進他的實驗室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5 人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程?！敬鸢浮縇ike students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students

33、 who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously. Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He

34、is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory

35、, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This

36、 supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of others dissuasion, I accepted my supervisors s

37、ponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.24.單選題The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供應(yīng))is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back

38、deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No

39、 one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are of

40、fering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only be

41、cause there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home

42、-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market

43、guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little we

44、ight and the expansion program is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices is that（ ） .3. Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price

45、 was a result of （ ）.5.What did the future look like for Britains food production at the time this article was written?問題1選項A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is importing less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production o

46、f food.問題2選項A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher問題3選項A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the fa

47、rmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generation of farmer were strongly against the programmer.問題4選項A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumer

48、s.B.a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries問題5選項A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.Br

49、itish food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantees.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:D第5題:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人們對于為什么糧食多了價格卻依然持續(xù)上漲表示擔(dān)憂，所以可以看出人們感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是價格卻在

50、上漲，選項C符合題意。2.文章第三段a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food提到食物價格增長的主要原因是政府逐漸減少了對食物的支持。選項B符合題意。3.文章最后一段Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinki

51、ng home market 提到盡管目前的價格還有市場保證，但是農(nóng)民依舊擔(dān)心他們將被擠壓在廉價的進口食品和一個萎縮的國內(nèi)市場中，所以可以推斷農(nóng)民對于這樣的保證是不信任的。選項A符合題意。4.文章第二段The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests 提到國際食物市場貿(mào)易順差的增加非常大，貿(mào)易順差說明出口多余進

52、口，由此可知是國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)增加使得出口加大，選項D符合題意。5.文章最后一句but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well 提到部長重復(fù)的建議沒有什么作用，擴張計劃進行的不怎么好，由此可知，這個前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。選項D符合題意。25.單選題The television（ ） between the two candidates will be held on Sunday.問題1選項A.argumentB.debateC.disc

53、ussionD.dispute【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。argument “論證，論據(jù)”；debate “辯論，爭論”；discussion “討論”；dispute “爭吵”。句意：兩位候選人的電視辯論將在周日舉行。選項B符合題意。26.翻譯題大米的營養(yǎng)價值同土豆的差不多，但在常溫下保存的更久。上大學(xué)并不一定是每個人的恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇，更不是唯一的選擇。僅碳氫兩種元素就能構(gòu)成成千上萬種化合物，其原因是碳氫的分子可以以不同的方式進行連接。所有這些都促使學(xué)生獨立認真地學(xué)習(xí)，促使他們學(xué)會如何發(fā)現(xiàn)利用大學(xué)的資源。經(jīng)濟水平比較低的情況下，它反而會給現(xiàn)代政府在提供食物，就業(yè)機會等方面增加巨大的負擔(dān)。

54、【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molec

55、ules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food provision and employment opportunities.27.單選題Over the last

56、 fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.問題1選項A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娛樂”；symposium “座談會；penalty “懲罰”。句意：在過去的三十年里，跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項B符合題意。28.單選題Because a degree from a good un

57、iversity is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.問題1選項A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。sophisticated “久經(jīng)世故的；復(fù)雜的”；competitive “有競爭力的”；considerate “體貼的”；superficial “膚淺的”。句意：因為有一個好的大學(xué)文憑就能找到一個更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有競爭力的領(lǐng)域之

58、一。選項B符合題意。29.單選題The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.問題1選項A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放縱的，寬容的”；patriotic “愛國的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年輕的女繼承人如此慷慨，以至于幾年內(nèi)就把所有的錢送給了別人。選項A符合題意。30.單選題By（ ） computat

59、ion, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.問題1選項A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗魯?shù)摹?；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通過粗略計算，他估計修理好這個房子需要花費一千美元。選項A符合題意。31.單選題He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in quest

60、ion.問題1選項A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。relevant to “與相關(guān)的”，選項C符合題意。句意：他無法提供與設(shè)計案件有關(guān)的事實。32.翻譯題中國科技館的誕生來之不易。與國際著名科技館和其他博物館相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏營養(yǎng)，但是它成長的步伐卻是堅實而有力的。它在國際上已被公認為 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物館屬于自然博物館，它是通過化石、標(biāo)本等向人們介紹地球和各種生物的演化歷史。第二代屬于工業(yè)技術(shù)博物館，它所展示的是工業(yè)文明帶來的各種階段性結(jié)果。這兩代博物館雖然起到了傳播科學(xué)知識的作用，但是，它們把參觀者當(dāng)成了被動的旁觀者。世界上第