unit4Grammar修改必修四課件

人教課標(biāo)高一必修4Unit4GrammarBodylanguage作狀語可以表示時間,原因,結(jié)果,條件,行為方式或伴隨動作等。Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.條件1)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleentertheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴隨動作)2)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.

(原因)3)Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.條件4)Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranch.伴隨5)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.方式AttentionPlease-ing形式作狀語時,它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.

(分詞的邏輯主語是time,而句子的主語是I,兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以只能用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補充一個主語。)獨立主格Youseeherstepbackappearingsurprised.=Youseeherstepbackandsheappearssurprised.Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspokenlanguage.=Theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsbythewayofusingunspokenlanguage.HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’smovinghand.=HisnosetouchedMr.Cook’shandwhichismoving.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Thisisanexperiencewhichisexciting.Thisisanexcitingexperience.3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy______________thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.whoisstanding4.BecausehecomesfromJordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.____________Jordan,hemovesclosetoaskyouaquestion.Comingfrom5.Shesatatthedeskanddidherhomework.Shesatatthedesk____________________.doingherhomework2._____aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelo-calpeople.(遼寧2011)A.Gather B.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering3.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,_____onyourfeet.(北京2011)A.tokeep B.keepingC.havingkept D.tohavekept4.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_____energeticandreadytostartanewday?(湖南2011)A.feelB.tofeelC.feeling D.felt5.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_____itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoan-other.(陜西2011)A.making B.made C.tomake D.havingmade6._____atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcite-mentintheireyes.(北京2010)A.LookingB.Look C.Tolook D.Looked7.Dina,_____formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(湖南2010)A.struggling B.struggledC.havingstruggled D.tostruggle8.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,_____suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(福建2010)A.sending B.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent9.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.(天津2010)A.caused B.havingcausedC.causing D.tocause用動詞的-ing形式改寫下列句子。1.Thepicturethathangsonthewallisaworld-famousone.Thepicture_______onthewallisaworld-famousone.2.Becausehehadn’treceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.________________ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.hangingNothavingreceived5.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,_________anicepresentforhismother.lookingfor1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯【鏈接訓(xùn)練】①Aremote-controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelyesterday，________atleast12people.A．havingbeeninjured B．havinginjuredC．injuring D．injured【解析】考查分詞作狀語。分詞與主句的主語之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，排除A、D兩項；B項在動作順序上有誤。句意為：一枚遠(yuǎn)程控制的炸彈昨天在賓館外面爆炸，導(dǎo)致至少12人受傷?！敬鸢浮緾②________suchheavyloss，thebusinessmandoesn'thavethecouragetogoon.A．Havingsuffered B．SufferingC．Tosuffer D．Suffered【解析】句意為：這位商人因遭受了重大損失，從而失去了把生意繼續(xù)下去的勇氣。兩個句子的主語一致，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)分詞的動作或狀態(tài)先于主句謂語動詞發(fā)生時，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone來表示?！敬鸢浮緼③________theprogramme，theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A．Notcompleting B．NotcompletedC．Nothavingcompleted D．Havingnotcompleted【解析】句意為：(因為)沒完成這個項目，他們不得不在那兒再待兩周。they與complete之間為主動關(guān)系，“沒完成項目”發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，而且非謂語動詞的否定式應(yīng)將not放于非謂語動詞之前，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾④Hecalledthepoliceforhelp，________thattheproblemwasmorethanhecoulddealwith.A．havingbeenrealized B．torealizeC．realizing D．realized【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意為：當(dāng)他意識到他無法處理這個問題后，他向警方求助。此題的邏輯主語he與動詞realize之間為主動關(guān)系，可排除A、D項；又B項不定式用來表示目的，不符合題意，故被排除。【答案】C【考點警示】1．v.-ing作狀語其邏輯主語是該句的主語，注意v.-ing與謂語動詞的先后關(guān)系，選擇v.-ing的一般式或完成式。2．注意v.-ing與主語之間有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系時，選用被動體?！具^關(guān)強練】Ⅰ.用v.-ing形式改寫下列句子1．Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.Theman____________theteacherishisfather.2．Intheyearsthatfollowed，heworkedevenharder.Inthe________years，heworkedevenharder.3．Whilehewaswaitingforthebus，hereadacopyofChinaDaily.__________________,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.4．Hermotherdiedin1990，andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.Hermotherdiedin1990_________withheryoungerbrother.5．Ifyouuseyourhead，youwillfindaway._________________，youwillfindaway.speakingtofollowingWhilewaitingforthebusleavingherUsingyourheadⅡ.單項填空1．___onhispastmistakes，Tedrealizedthathehadstayedaroundthewrongpeople.(2013·濰坊模擬)A．Toreflect B．ReflectingC．Reflected D．Beingreflected3.AcitizeninHenanmadeabigfortunebywinningfirstprizeinalottery，________alargesumtocharity.(2013·金華模擬)A．donated B．todonateC．donating D．havingdonated4．Nowadaysmanypeoplekeeponthemove，______theretobebetter-paidjobs.(2013·鄭州模擬)A．tohope B．hopingC．expecting D．toexpect5．—____usadefiniteanswercan'tsolvetheproblem.—Iagreewithyou.Someonemusthaveatalkwithhim.(2013·哈爾濱模擬)A．Avoidingtogive B．AvoidinggivingC．Heavoidedgiving D．Hisavoidinggiving6．InBeijingOlympics，MichaelPhelpsswamintoOlympichistory，________thefirstathlete________themostgoldmedalsever. (2013·無錫模擬)A．became；towin B．becoming；towinC．becoming；winning D．tobecome；towin7．Theyoungman，________severalattemptstobeattheworldrecordinhighjumping，decidedtohaveanothertry.(2013·寶雞模擬)A．tomake B．makingC．made D．havingmade8．________toworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm. (2012·重慶，23)A．Havingbeenasked B．ToaskC．Havingasked D．Tobeasked9．Tonylentmethemoney，________thatI'ddoasmuchforhim.(2012·全國Ⅱ，10)A．hopingB．tohopeC．hoped D．havinghoped10．Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice，_______thebreakfastuntouched.(2012·天津，11)A．leftB．toleaveC．leavingD．havingleftThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeB現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果狀語A現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語高考試題賞析3.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.(MET93)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing4.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET92)A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.(上海91年題)A.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownA現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語C作原因狀語A現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中否定詞通常放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面。6.2013年高考英語【重慶卷】30.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,______mestoriestillIfellasleep.A.havingtold B.telling C.told D.totell【解析】30.B。本題考查非謂語動詞。坐在我床邊是主動作，給我講故事是伴隨著發(fā)生的次要動作，此時通常用分詞做伴隨情況狀語，由于講故事不是在坐在床邊這個動作之前發(fā)生的，所以排除選項A；如果用told，則前面不該用逗號，應(yīng)該用連詞and，并且應(yīng)該用tell的形式，與前面的usedtodo呼應(yīng)，排除選項C；不定式放在一個動作之后，并且中間有逗號隔開，通常都是做結(jié)果狀語，并且是一種意料之外的結(jié)果，但此處講故事顯然不是坐在床邊的一種結(jié)果，排除選項D?！揪湟狻课倚r候，我媽媽常常坐在我床邊，給我講故事，知道我入睡。7.2013年高考英語【新課標(biāo)I卷】

35.Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,_______hard-edgedshadowsontheground.A.throwingB.beingthrownC.tothrowD.tobethrown【解析】A

本題考查非謂語動詞。____hard-edgedshadowsontheground在句中作結(jié)果狀語，其邏輯主語和句子的主語保持一致。顯然，句子主語thesunlight是throw動作的執(zhí)行者，throw相對于thesunlight而言是主動動作，故答案鎖定A和C，因為選項B和D分別是現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式的被動式，表示一個被動動作。非謂語動詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式都可作結(jié)果狀語，但前者表示自然的結(jié)果，而后者表示出人意料的結(jié)果。陽光熾白炫目,在地上投下濃重的陰影不出乎人們的意外,故選A?！揪湟狻筷柟鉄氚嘴拍浚诘厣贤断聺庵氐年幱?。8.2013年高考英語【新課標(biāo)II卷】5.Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,______the7:30trainfromPaddingtonA.caught B.tohavecaughtC.tocatch D.havingcaught【解析】D。本題考查非謂語動詞。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是先弄清句中兩個動作之間的關(guān)系：“到辦公室早”是趕上七點半火車的結(jié)果，或者說，正是因為趕上了七點半的車，才導(dǎo)致了“到辦公室早”的結(jié)果，可見，空處是原因狀語；正確答案是D。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，是因為趕車是在到達(dá)辦公室之前發(fā)生的?！揪湟狻磕翘煳亿s上了七點半到Paddington的火車，結(jié)果很早就到了辦公室。9.2013年高考英語【四川卷】8.____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.Notknowing B.Knowingnot C.Notknown D.Knownnot【解析】8.A。本題考查非謂語動詞。此句的前半部分是分詞做原因狀語，動詞know和女孩之間是主動關(guān)系，故要用現(xiàn)在分詞，不能用過去分詞，排除選項C，D；非謂語動詞的否定形式是在它的前面加否定詞not，排除選項B，正確答案是A。【句意】女孩不知道該上哪個大學(xué)，所以向老師征求建議。10.2013年高考英語【山東卷】33._______atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.A.HavingeatenB.toeatC.EatD.Eating【解析】33.A。本題考查分詞短語做狀語。因為本句中以前在這家餐廳吃過飯的動作發(fā)生的時間顯然要早于主句的動作即不愿再去那里就餐這一動作發(fā)生的時間，所以應(yīng)用V-ing的完成式即havingdone。所以答案為A。B項toeat表示目的；C項eat動詞原形不能做非謂語；D項eating表示主動，不符合句意?！揪湟狻渴孪仍诓蛷d吃過了，所以Tina不想再去那里就餐了。11.2013年高考英語【江蘇卷】24.LionelMessi,______therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.set B.setting C.toset D.havingset【解析】24.D?？疾榉侵^語動詞用法。解題關(guān)鍵：判斷非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知，LionelMessiisconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope為主句，_____therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear在句中作狀語，set與邏輯主語LionelMessi構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故先排除A；再根據(jù)句意，“創(chuàng)立記錄在先，被認(rèn)為是最有才華球員在后”，故用havingset。所以選D?！揪湟狻棵肺鳎谝粋€日歷年度創(chuàng)下了最多的進球記錄，被認(rèn)為是歐洲最優(yōu)秀的足球運動員。12.2013年高考英語【湖南卷】25．Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，___themountainingoldenlight.A．bathedB．bathingC．tohavebathedD．havingbathed【解析】25.B。考查非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。解題思路：空格后有賓語，排除bathed；“太陽升起”在前，“那座山沐浴在金色的陽光中”在后，排除C、D。【句意】太陽在天空升起,那座山沐浴在金色的陽光中。13.2013年高考英語【安徽卷】24.______thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.Find B.Finding C.Tofind D.Found【解析】24.B。本題考查非謂語動詞。本句中，逗號之前是原因狀語，由于句首和逗號之間都沒有連詞，可以推斷前面不是句子，而只是某種結(jié)構(gòu)，如果選find，則是祈使句，排除選項A；不定式做原因狀語的時候，僅限于be+adj+todo的形式，排除選項C；分詞做狀語的時候，其邏輯主語跟句中主語要保持一致，即“發(fā)現(xiàn)”的邏輯主語是“she”，他們之間是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞表被動，排除選項D?！揪湟狻堪l(fā)現(xiàn)這個課程很難，他決定換個較低等級的。1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmakingPractice:1.____dogsseldombite.BarkB.TobarkC.BarkedD.Barking2.Thewolfspokeina_____voiceandMr.Dongguofelt______.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frighten;frighteningD.frightening;frighteningDA3.It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept4.The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeC