四講 法律文獻(xiàn)翻譯

第四講法律文體翻譯

TranslationofLegalDocuments法律語(yǔ)言言的文體體特征正式的規(guī)規(guī)范語(yǔ)體體古體詞、、法語(yǔ)和和拉丁語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞匯大大量使用用。hereby::bymeansorbyreasonsofthishereinafter:inthisdocumentandafterthispointhereto::tothisplace,,documenthereon,,hereof,hereunder,whereof,henceforth,notwithstanding,,aforesaid拉丁語(yǔ)和和法語(yǔ)cessid::[L]讓讓與majores:[[L]成成年人人quasi:[[L]]標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)bonafide::[L]真真誠(chéng)地subject:[[F]主主體schedule:[[F]]日程程contract:[[F]]合同同表達(dá)規(guī)范范“有…的的義務(wù)””：shall,must,havethedutyof,itisthedutyof…,,obligation..“嚴(yán)禁””：prohibit,mustnot,maynotshallnot,,notallowed“有權(quán)””：havetherighto……,enjoytherightsof…,beentitledto……,may“章、節(jié)節(jié)、條””：chapter,,section,,article“款、項(xiàng)項(xiàng)”：paragraph//clause,item客觀性漢語(yǔ)多為為無(wú)主句句，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)卻頻繁繁使用被被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)態(tài)，避免免動(dòng)作的的發(fā)出者者，從而而使動(dòng)作作的客體體得到強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)，敘敘述語(yǔ)言言較為客客觀。E.g..:為了規(guī)范范保險(xiǎn)活活動(dòng)，保保護(hù)保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)當(dāng)當(dāng)事人的的合法利利益，加加強(qiáng)對(duì)保保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的的監(jiān)督管管理，促促進(jìn)保險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)事業(yè)的的健康發(fā)發(fā)展，制制定本法法。Thislawisenactedforthepurposeofregulatinginsuranceactivities,protectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestofthepartiesinvolved,,strengtheningsupervisionandcontroloftheinsuranceindustryandpromotingitshealthydevelopment.嚴(yán)密與模模糊共存存，簡(jiǎn)約約與重復(fù)復(fù)統(tǒng)一法律語(yǔ)言言須字斟斟句酌，，規(guī)范準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確，同同時(shí)又使使用涵蓋蓋面廣的的抽象詞詞匯，形形成嚴(yán)密密與模糊糊共存的的情況；；為避免免指示代代詞可能能造成的的誤解，，經(jīng)常不不厭其煩煩地重復(fù)復(fù)前面出出現(xiàn)的結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)和詞詞匯，形形成簡(jiǎn)約約與重復(fù)復(fù)統(tǒng)一。。人民法院院接到起起訴狀或或者口頭頭訴狀，，經(jīng)審查查，符合合本法規(guī)規(guī)定受理理?xiàng)l件的的，應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)在7日日內(nèi)立案案；不符符合本法法規(guī)定受受理?xiàng)l件件的，應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)在7日內(nèi)通通知原告告不予受受理，并并說(shuō)明理理由。Whenapeople’scourtreceivesabillofcomplaintoranoralcomplaintandfindsuponexaminationthatitmeetstherequirementsforacceptanceasspecifiedinthislaw,itshallwithinsevendaysfileacase;ifthecomplaintdoesnotmeettherequirementsofacceptanceasspecifiedinthelaw,thecourtshallwithinsevendaysnotifytheplaintiffthatthecomplainthasbeenrejectedandprovidedueexplanation..長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)就是““一句話(huà)話(huà)”結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)，即立立法者試試圖將某某一問(wèn)題題的相關(guān)關(guān)信息全全部安置置于一個(gè)個(gè)完整的的句子之之內(nèi)，避避免幾個(gè)個(gè)分散句句子可能能引起的的歧義。。長(zhǎng)句結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)追溯溯到古羅羅馬、希希臘時(shí)期期，當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)沒(méi)有標(biāo)標(biāo)點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)導(dǎo)致了““一句話(huà)話(huà)”結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)在法律律文獻(xiàn)中中的使用用，甚至至僅用一一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句句表述某某一部法法規(guī)的整整個(gè)內(nèi)容容。“一句話(huà)話(huà)”=IfP1+P2,thenQcase:whereanyQuakerrefusestopayanychurchrates;condition:ifanychurchwardencomplainsthereof;;subject:oneofthenextjusticesofthepeace;action:maysummonsuchQuakerfactsituation:whereachurchwardenfilesacomplaintagainstaQuakerforrefusingtopayanchurchrates,,statementoflaw:oneofthenextJusticesofthepeacemaysummonsuchQuaker.Fact-situationwhereachurchwardenfilesacomplaintagainstaQuakerforrefusingtopayanychurchratesStatementoflawoneofthenextJusticesofthepeacemaysummonsuchQuakerIf條條件句IfX,thenYshalldoZIfX,thenYshallbeZ“IfX”代代表法律律制度適適用的情情況(case)，““Y””代表法法律主體體(legalsubject))，““Z”代代表法律律行為((legalaction).第一百四四十一條條（一））標(biāo)的物物需要運(yùn)運(yùn)輸?shù)?，，出賣(mài)人人應(yīng)當(dāng)將將標(biāo)的物物交付給給第一承承運(yùn)人以以運(yùn)交給給買(mǎi)受人人;……Article141((1)Ifthetargetedmatterneedstobetransported,thesellershallconsignthetargetedmattertothefirstcarrierofitsdeliverytothebuyer;……第十七條條要約約可以撤撤回，撤撤回要約約的應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)在要約約到達(dá)受受要約人人之前或或者與要要約同時(shí)時(shí)到達(dá)受受要約人人。1.Ifanofferisrecalled,thenoticeofrecallshouldarrivebeforetheoffereereceivestheofferoratthesametimeatthearrivaloftheoffer.2.Theoffermaybewithdrawn,if,,beforeoratthesametimewhenanofferarrives,thewithdrawalnoticereachestheofferee..and和和or的使用用IfXdoesA,BandC,XshallbeliabletopunishmentIfXdoesA,B,orC,Xshallbeliabletopunishment

第十三條條合合營(yíng)企業(yè)業(yè)如發(fā)生生嚴(yán)重虧虧損、乙乙方不履履行合同同和章程程規(guī)定的的義務(wù)、、不可抗抗力等，，經(jīng)合營(yíng)營(yíng)各方協(xié)協(xié)調(diào)同意意，報(bào)請(qǐng)請(qǐng)審查批批準(zhǔn)機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)，，并向國(guó)國(guó)家工商商行政管管理部門(mén)門(mén)登記，，可終止止合同。。Article13Incaseofheavylosses，failureofapartytoperformitsobligationsunderthecontractandthearticlesofassociation,orforcemajeureetc.,,thepartiestothejointventuremayterminatethecontractthroughtheirconsultationandagreement,,subjecttoapprovalbytheexaminationandapprovalauthoritiesandtoregestrationwiththestate’’scompetentdepartmentinchargeofindustryandcommerceadministration.修飾限定定成分正確地放放置修飾飾限定成成分可以以使法律律條款產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生準(zhǔn)確確、清晰晰、全面面、易懂懂的表達(dá)達(dá)效果。。Whereasecuretenantservesonthelandlordanoticeinwritingclaimingtoexercisehisrighttobuythedwelling-house(1),andifthelandlordrefusestoadmitthetenant’srighttobuythedwelling--house((2)),then,subjecttothefollowingprovisionsofthisSection((3)),theSecretaryofStateifhethinksproper(4),maybymeansofawrittennotification(5)makespecialregulationsinpursuanceofhispowersunderSection15ofthisAct(6)forthepurposeofenablingthetenanttoexercisehisrighttobuythedwelling-house((7)(notwithstandinganythingcontainedinsection54oftheLandRegistrationAct1925)((8))withinaperiodofsixmonthsfromthedateofsucharefusal(9)),providedthatthedwelling-house,ofanypartofit,,isnotbeingusedforcharitablepurposes(10)withinthemeaningofthe‘‘CharitablePurposeAct1954’(11)..第四十八八條行行為人人沒(méi)有代代理權(quán)、、超越代代理權(quán)或或者代理理權(quán)終止止后而以以被代理理人名義義訂立的的合同，，未經(jīng)被被代理人人追認(rèn)，，對(duì)被代代理人不不發(fā)生效效力，由由行為人人承擔(dān)責(zé)責(zé)任。1.Article48Acontractconcludedbyanactorwhohasnopowerofagency,,whooverstepsthepowerofagency,orwhosepowerofagencyhasexpiredandyetconcludesitonbehalfoftheprincipal,shallhavenolegallybindingforceontheprincipalwithoutratificationbytheprincipal,andtheactorshallbeheldliable.×2.Article48Acontractinthenameofaprincipalandwithoutratificationbytheprincipal,andyetactuallyconcludedbyanactorwhohasnorightofagencyoroverstepstherightofagency,orwhoserighttoagencyhasexpired,shallhavenobindingforceontheprincipal;andtheactorshallbeheldliabletherefore..√國(guó)俗語(yǔ)義義國(guó)俗語(yǔ)義義是指在在詞匯的的概念意意義上添添加使用用該語(yǔ)言言的國(guó)家家的歷史史、文化化及風(fēng)俗俗色彩的的語(yǔ)義。。bar::“法法庭”、、“被告告席”、、“審判判臺(tái)”、、“律師師”debar,disbar,disbarment:““取消律律師資格格”barexamination::“律律師資格格考試””bartodivorce:““離婚婚法院””pleainbar:““訴訟訟抗辯””prisoneratthebar:““正在法法庭受審審的罪犯犯”trialatbar::“會(huì)會(huì)審”bench:““法官官席位””、”法法庭”、、”裁判判庭”Upperbench:““英國(guó)國(guó)12世世紀(jì)的高高等法院院”thefullbench：““全席法法庭”BenchWarrant：“法法官簽發(fā)發(fā)的拘捕捕令”Queen’sBench：“英國(guó)高高等法院院的女王王座分院院”King’sBench：：“英國(guó)高高等法院院的王座座分院””civilcourt:acourtofordinaryjurisdictioninCanadaandincludesacourtofsummaryjurisdiction.““一般刑刑事法院院”civilprisoner:prisonerwhohasbeenprisonerincivilcourtfornomorethantwoyears.““普通罪罪犯”

Exercise1.第第十八條條國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主主管部門(mén)門(mén)或者由由其會(huì)同同國(guó)務(wù)院院有關(guān)部部門(mén)，經(jīng)經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院院批準(zhǔn)，，可以在在本法第第十六、、第十七七條規(guī)定定的范圍圍內(nèi)，臨臨時(shí)決定定限制或或者禁止止前款規(guī)規(guī)定目錄錄以外的的特定貨貨物、技技術(shù)的進(jìn)進(jìn)口或者者出口。。ThedepartmentsinchargeofforeigneconomicandtraderelationsundertheStateCouncil,,jointlywithrelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,subjecttotheapprovaloftheStateCouncilandwithinthescopestipulatedinArticle16and17ofthislaw,maydecidetorestrictorprohibittheimportorexportofspecificgoodsortechniqueswhicharenotincludedinthecataloguespecifiedintheprecedingparagraph..ThedepartmentsinchargeofforeigneconomicandtraderelationsundertheStateCouncilmay,,independentlyorjointlywithrelevantdepartmentsundertheStatecouncil,approvedby/subjecttotheapprovaloftheStateCouncilandwithinthescopespecified//stipulatedinArticles16and17ofthislaw,,speciallydecidetorestrictorprohibittheimportandexportofspecificgoodsortechniqueswhicharenotincludedinthecataloguesspecifiedintheprecedingclause..Article18ThecompetentdepartmentinchargeofforeigneconomicrelationsandtradeundertheStateCouncilmay,,independentlyorjointlywithrelevantdepartmentsundertheStateCouncil,subjecttotheapprovaloftheStateCouncilandwithinthescopestipulatedinArticles16and17ofthisLaw,speciallydecidetorestrictorprohibittheimportorexportofspecificgoodsortechnologieswhicharenotincludedinthecataloguespecifiedintheprecedingparagraph.2.任任何締約約國(guó)都可可以適用用其基本本國(guó)法要要求集體體商標(biāo)或或證明商商標(biāo)的所所有人向向國(guó)家主主管機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)提出一一些證件件或其他他證明，，特別要要包括持持有這種種商標(biāo)的的協(xié)會(huì)或或其他團(tuán)團(tuán)體的章章程和有有關(guān)監(jiān)督督這種商商標(biāo)的使使用的規(guī)規(guī)則。AnyContractingStatemayapplyitsnationallawrequiringthatwherethemarkisacollectivemarkoracertificationmarktheownerthereofmustadducebeforeitsnationalofficemakecertainofthesupportingdocumentsandotherevidence,,includinginparticularthebylawsoftheassociationorotherentityowningsuchmarkandtherulesconcerningthecontrolexercisesovertheuseofsuchmark.本公約各各締約國(guó)國(guó)考慮到到發(fā)展中中國(guó)家在在承運(yùn)其其對(duì)外貿(mào)貿(mào)易貨物物的班輪輪公會(huì)((linerconferences))活動(dòng)方方面之特特殊需要要和問(wèn)題題，茲同同意在守守則中反反映下列列基本目目標(biāo)和原原則。Inviewof/consideringthespecificneedsandproblemsofthedevelopingcountries