DB3307068-2018奶牛場飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS

DB3307浙 江 省 金 華 市 地 方 標 準DB3307/T068—2018DB3307/T068-2013奶牛場飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)規(guī)程2018-8-9發(fā)布 2018-8-9實施金華市質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局 發(fā)布DB3307/T068DB3307/T068—2018II前 言本標準按GB/T1.1-2009給出的規(guī)則起草。本標準的附錄A、附錄B、附錄C、附錄D、附錄F為資料性附錄，附錄E為規(guī)范性附錄。本標準由金華市農(nóng)業(yè)局提出并歸口。君、樓芳芳。本標準代替DB3307/T068-2013。PAGEPAGE36奶牛場飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)規(guī)程范圍本標準適用于中國荷斯坦奶牛養(yǎng)殖場（小區(qū)）的飼養(yǎng)管理。GB/T3157中國荷斯坦牛GB8978污水綜合排放標準GB13078飼料衛(wèi)生標準GB14554惡臭污染物排放標準GB16548病害動物和病害動物產(chǎn)品生物安全處理規(guī)程GB16568奶牛場衛(wèi)生規(guī)范GB/T20014.8良好農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)范第8部分：奶?？刂泣c與符合性規(guī)范NY/T1172生鮮牛乳質(zhì)量管理規(guī)范NY5045無公害食品生鮮牛乳NY/T800生鮮牛乳中體細胞的測定方法NY/T1168畜禽糞便無害化處理技術(shù)規(guī)范NY/T34奶牛飼養(yǎng)標準NY/T1245奶牛用精飼料NY/T1242奶牛場HACCP飼養(yǎng)管理規(guī)范NY/T5049無公害食品奶牛飼養(yǎng)管理準則NY/T388畜禽場環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準NY5027無公害食品畜禽飲用水水質(zhì)NY5030無公害食品畜禽飼養(yǎng)獸藥使用準則NY5047無公害食品奶牛飼養(yǎng)獸醫(yī)防疫準則NY/T1567標準化奶牛場建設(shè)規(guī)范動物檢疫管理辦法中華人民共和國獸用生物制品質(zhì)量標準飼料藥物添加劑使用規(guī)范奶牛標準化規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范（試行）奶牛營養(yǎng)需要和飼養(yǎng)標準（第二版）跨省調(diào)運乳用、種用動物產(chǎn)地檢疫規(guī)程（農(nóng)醫(yī)發(fā)[2010]33號）《浙江省畜禽糞污減量化無害化和資源化利用技術(shù)導則》（浙農(nóng)專發(fā)[2017]78號）選址500m。500m1000m布局GB14554、GB8978、NY/T1168NY/T388牛舍A。（1.65～1.85）×（1.10～1.20）1.20×0.9025NY502723～61～212m20m品種選擇中國荷斯坦（黑白花）品種飼養(yǎng)。母牛選育標準按照GB/T3157執(zhí)行。嚴格實行統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)凍精。凍精來自國家規(guī)定的種公牛站或國家批準的進口凍精。繁殖90%08，420d。GB4143-20080.350.8×107個/800個/18cm16cm3.5cm10381015min1h。1445d2～46：0022：00。4270d配種14～15370kg123cm55～80d。h1～24，6～8妊娠280d15d10～15d3%～51h1～1.5kg100g10～15kg8～10kg500g12h12714d20d40d，80d100d飼養(yǎng)NRC（2001）B。515d2～3w2～3w100d101d200d201d15d1.540：6013202～30.5～1kg2～3w0.3kg7～6～6.5kg2～4w5～10glO(0.7％～0.8％)；40：60～45：55O.3kg12kg10kg2～3d45kg70.51.0％～1.540：60～50：50。飼料營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)根據(jù)奶牛膘情加以調(diào)整，一般以粗料為主，精、粗料干物質(zhì)比為30：70～40：60。干奶前奶牛膘情應(yīng)恢復到3．0～3.5級水平。精料供應(yīng)量應(yīng)根據(jù)粗料質(zhì)量及奶牛體況膘情加以調(diào)整，精粗比35：65～30：70。膘情評定見附錄C后備母牛可劃分為460d61d～180d181d～15181518～后備母牛生長發(fā)育參數(shù)及后備牛各階段培育目標見附錄D。1h242kg，8-12h2kg4kg。1：2357d210d15d7d3-45-6350～380kg8kg6.2.3 有條件的奶牛場應(yīng)定期開展生產(chǎn)性能測定。具體測定對象、測定方法等見附錄E。保持牛舍干燥、清潔，定期消毒；飼料中鈣、磷的含量和比例合理；不應(yīng)頻繁改變飼喂條件。每年春、秋兩季普檢牛蹄底部，及時消除腐爛、壞死組織，并及時治療。在梅雨或潮濕季節(jié)，用30%福爾馬林溶液或5％硫酸銅溶液定期噴洗蹄部，以防蹄部的感染。配種用蹄形好、無腐蹄病的公牛精液進行配種，以降低后代變形蹄和腐蹄病的發(fā)生率。在日糧中補充生物素。防疫按《中華人民共和國動物防疫法》和《浙江省動物防疫條例》等相關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。引種引入外地奶牛，必須符合動物檢疫管理辦法和跨省調(diào)運乳用、種用動物產(chǎn)地檢疫規(guī)程規(guī)定。隔離消毒免疫根據(jù)抗體水平進行免疫。GB16548正常泌乳期，日定時擠奶2-3次。擠奶員應(yīng)穿戴干凈的工作服、工作帽和工作鞋，修剪指甲，洗凈雙手，并用消毒液消毒。擠奶時先擠健康牛，后擠病牛。擠奶后立即用有機碘等消毒劑用對乳頭逐個進行藥浴消毒。6070不適用于機器擠奶的牛及患有乳房炎和其他疾病的牛改為手工擠奶。DHI50DHI25～611～12GB6914NY/T1172-20062h4℃以下。鮮奶應(yīng)設(shè)單間存放，與牛舍隔離，并且有防塵、防蠅、防鼠的設(shè)施。鮮奶必須使用密閉的、清潔的、經(jīng)消毒的奶槽車裝運，冷鏈運輸。鮮奶從擠出至加工前防止污染，質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合NY5045規(guī)定。375℃以上、濃度1.5～2.010353100～200ppm濃度的漂白粉溶液浸泡20～30分鐘，取出掛鉤晾干下次備用。每周用5步法清洗擠奶器、51.5～2.0%7530分5～101.0～1.5%70101.5～2.0%75℃熱堿水循環(huán)清洗3035585養(yǎng)殖場（小區(qū)）周邊需配套有足夠消納排泄物的土地，并配套與養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模相適應(yīng)的糞污處理設(shè)施。糞污處理和利用主要有種養(yǎng)結(jié)合就地利用模式、沼氣處理后異地利用模式、達標排放模式等。糞污處理和利用要符合浙江省畜禽糞污減量化無害化和資源化利用技術(shù)導則》要求。系譜包括牛號、出生日期、性別、父號、母號、外貌、生長發(fā)育和生產(chǎn)性能資料等。包括發(fā)情、配種、妊娠、流產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)犢和產(chǎn)后監(jiān)護記錄。包括診療記錄、用藥記錄和防疫記錄。包括投入品購入及消耗記錄、產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率、生長發(fā)育、牛奶損耗等記錄。包括繁殖指標、DHI測定等。見附錄F。保留兩年。附 錄 A（資料性附錄）牛舍垟式栓系牛舍樣式見圖A.1。圖A.1 栓系舍意圖散欄式牛舍樣式見圖A.2。圖A.2 散欄牛示圖附 錄 B（資料性附錄）營養(yǎng)推薦表不同體重、不同泌乳量奶牛的干物質(zhì)進食量見表B.1。表B.1 不同重不泌量牛的物進量干物質(zhì)進食量（占體重的%）體重（kg)400500600700800102.72.42.221.9153.22.82.62.32.2泌203.63.22.92.62.42543.53.22.92.7乳304.43.93.53.22.93554.23.73.43.1量405.54.643.63.34554.33.83.5（kg/天）505.44.74.13.75554.44605.44.84.3（160g45%，500kg4.5%，700kg800kg3.5%；（2）10kg/（NEL)28.92Mcal/kg，產(chǎn)奶大于40kg/d，增加到MEL30.15Mcal/kg；(360g1k/d4kd（4）每天增重（005）（5）1%以上。（454（11B.2。表B.2 小體母（重=454kg）泌早（食為乳第11的計）營養(yǎng)要量產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率（%）真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）154.03.09.4-0.319106050011.35.316.6154.03.59.4-0.319.4106063011.36.718154.04.09.4-0.419.8106076011.38.119.4154.53.09.7-0.319.7109049011.25.116.3154.53.59.7-0.420.1109062011.26.417.6154.54.09.7-0.520.5109075011.27.718.9155.03.09.9-0.420.4111048011.24.816155.03.59.9-0.520.8111061011.26.217.4155.04.09.9-0.521.2111074010.97.518.7304.03.012.9-1.430.11410117010.99.120.0304.03.512.9-1.630.91410143010.911.122.0304.04.012.9-1.731.81410169010.813.124.0304.53.013.5-1.531.51460115010.88.519.3304.53.513.5-1.732.31460141010.810.421.2304.54.013.5-1.933.21460167010.812.423.2305.03.014.0-1.632.81510114010.88.118.9305.03.514.0-1.833.71510140010.81020.8305.04.014.0-234.61510166010.811.922.7小體型母牛泌乳中期每日營養(yǎng)需要量見表B.3。表B.3 小體母（重=454kg）泌中（食為乳第90的計）營養(yǎng)要量產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）204.03.016.01.022.7168056010.53.514.0204.03.516.00.823.2168074010.54.615.1204.04.016.00.723.8168091010.55.716.2204.53.016.50.923.6173055010.53.313.8204.53.516.50.824.2173072010.54.414.9204.54.016.50.724.8173090010.55.516.0205.03.017.00.924.5177054010.43.213.6205.03.517.00.825.1177071010.44.214.6205.04.017.00.625.7177088010.45.215.6304.03.019.50.430.11980101010.25.215.4304.03.519.50.230.91980127010.26.516.7304.04.019.50.031.81980153010.27.818.0304.53.020.30.331.5204099010.04.914.9304.53.520.30.132.32040125010.06.216.2304.54.020.3-0.133.22040151010.07.417.4305.03.021.10.232.8210098010.04.614.6305.03.521.10.033.72100124010.05.915.9305.04.021.1-0.234.62100150010.07.117.1404.03.023.1-0.337.5224014709.76.416.1404.03.523.1-0.638.6224018209.77.917.7404.04.023.1-0.839.8224021609.79.419.1404.53.024.2-0.539.3231014609.56.015.5404.53.524.2-0.740.5231018009.57.416.89404.54.024.2-1.041.7231021509.58.918.4405.03.025.2-0.741.2239014509.55.815.3405.03.525.2-0.942.3239017909.57.116.6405.04.025.2-1.143.5239021409.58.518.0（454（90量于78糧結(jié)）小體型母牛（體重=454kg）泌乳中期（采食量為泌乳第90天的估計值）每日營養(yǎng)需要量見表B.4。表B.4 小體母（重=454kg）泌中（食為乳第90的計）營養(yǎng)要（本表適于TDN量于78的糧構(gòu)）產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）204.03.016.01.022.7168056010.53.514.0204.03.516.00.823.2168074010.54.615.1204.04.016.00.723.8168091010.55.716.2204.53.016.50.923.6173055010.53.313.8204.53.516.50.824.2173072010.54.414.9204.54.016.50.724.8173090010.55.516.0205.03.017.00.924.5177054010.43.213.6205.03.517.00.825.1177071010.44.214.6205.04.017.00.625.7177088010.45.215.6304.03.019.50.430.11980101010.25.215.4304.03.519.50.230.91980127010.26.516.7304.04.019.50.031.81980153010.27.818.0304.53.020.30.331.5204099010.04.914.9304.53.520.30.132.32040125010.06.216.2304.54.020.3-0.133.22040151010.07.417.4305.03.021.10.232.8210098010.04.614.6305.03.521.10.033.72100124010.05.915.9305.04.021.1-0.234.62100150010.07.117.1404.03.023.1-0.337.5224014709.76.416.1404.03.523.1-0.638.6224018209.77.917.7404.04.023.1-0.839.8224021609.79.419.1404.53.024.2-0.539.3231014609.56.015.5404.53.524.2-0.740.5231018009.57.416.89+404.54.024.2-1.041.7231021509.58.918.4405.03.025.2-0.741.2239014509.55.815.3405.03.525.2-0.942.3239017909.57.116.6405.04.025.2-1.143.5239021409.58.518.0注：所用飼料由40%中等成熟的豆料青貯，27%普通玉米青貯、23%去苞葉破碎玉米、12%豆粕（48%粗蛋白）、2%的改變的營養(yǎng)需要量假定為NELPUP蛋白質(zhì)，慢定RDP和RUP已滿足CP需要量，當RDP和RUPCP需要量。當RDP量。（454kg）（90）（TDN68）（=45490（用于TDN68%B.5表B.5 小體母（重=454kg）泌中（食為乳第90的計）營養(yǎng)要（本表適于TDN量于68的糧構(gòu)）產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）104.03.012.415.30.915.323010.01.911.9104.03.512.415.60.815.632010.02.612.6104.04.012.415.90.815.942010.03.413.4104.53.012.715.70.915.723010.01.811.8104.53.512.716.00.816.032010.02.512.5104.54.012.716.30.816.341010.03.213.2105.03.012.916.20.916.222010.01.711.7105.03.512.916.50.816.531010.02.412.4105.04.012.916.80.816.840010.03.113.1204.03.016.022.70.422.76809.84.314.1204.03.516.023.20.323.28609.85.415.2204.04.016.023.80.223.810409.86.516.3204.53.016.523.60.423.66609.84.013.8204.53.516.524.20.324.28409.85.114.9204.54.016.524.80.224.810309.86.216.0205.03.017.024.50.424.56509.83.813.6205.03.517.025.10.225.18309.84.914.7205.04.017.025.70.125.710109.85.915.7304.03.019.530.1-0.130.111309.65.815.4304.03.519.530.9-0.330.914009.67.216.8304.04.019.531.8-0.431.816709.68.618.2304.53.020.331.5-0.231.511109.65.515.1304.53.520.332.3-0.332.313809.66.816.4304.54.020.333.2-0.533.216509.68.117.7305.03.021.132.8-0.232.810909.55.214.7305.03.521.133.7-0.433.713609.56.415.9305.04.021.134.6-0.634.616309.57.717.2注：所用飼料由40%中等成熟的豆料青貯，27%普通玉米青貯、23%去苞葉破碎玉米、12%豆粕（48%粗蛋白）、2%的改變的營養(yǎng)需要量假定為NELPUP蛋白質(zhì)，慢定RDP和RUP已滿足CP需要量，當RDP和RUPCP需要量。當RDP量。（680kg）（11）（TDN78）=680用于TDN78%B.6表B.6 小體母（重=680kg）泌中（食為乳第11的計）營養(yǎng)要（本表適于TDN量于78的糧構(gòu)）產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）203.02.512.00.915.3124023010.01.911.9203.03.012.00.815.6124032010.02.612.6203.03.512.00.815.9124042010.03.413.4203.52.512.40.915.7127023010.01.811.8203.53.012.40.816.0127032010.02.512.5203.53.512.40.816.3127041010.03.213.2204.02.512.70.916.2129022010.01.711.7204.03.012.70.816.5129031010.02.412.4204.03.512.70.816.8129040010.03.113.1303.02.514.00.422.715606809.84.314.1303.03.014.00.323.215608609.85.415.2303.03.514.00.223.8156010409.86.516.3303.52.514.50.423.616106609.84.013.8303.53.014.50.324.216108409.85.114.9303.53.514.50.224.8161010309.86.216.0304.02.515.10.424.516606509.83.913.6304.03.015.10.225.116608309.84.914.7304.03.515.10.125.7166010109.85.915.7403.02.516.0-0.130.1187011309.65.915.4403.03.016.0-0.330.9187014009.67.216.8403.03.516.0-0.431.8187016709.68.618.2403.52.516.7-0.231.5194011109.65.515.1403.53.016.7-0.332.3194013809.66.816.4403.53.516.7-0.533.2194016509.68.117.7404.02.517.4-0.232.8200010909.55.214.7404.03.017.4-0.433.7200013609.56.415.9404.03.517.4-0.634.6200016309.57.717.2注：所用飼料由40%中等成熟的豆料青貯，27%普通玉米青貯、23%去苞葉破碎玉米、12%豆粕（48%粗蛋白）、2%的改變的營養(yǎng)需要量假定為NEL（680kg）（90）（TDN78）小體型母牛（體重=680kg）泌乳中期（采食量為泌乳第90天的估計值）每日營養(yǎng)需要量（本表適用于TDN含量低于78%的飼糧結(jié)構(gòu)）見表B.7。表B.7 小體母（重=680kg）泌中（食為乳第90的計）營養(yǎng)要（本表適于TDN量于78的糧構(gòu)）產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP（%）353.02.522.71.332.2237082010.43.614.1353.03.022.71.133.22370113010.45.015.4353.03.522.70.934.22370143010.46.316.7353.52.523.61.233.8245080010.43.413.8353.53.023.61.034.82450111010.44.715.1353.53.523.60.835.92450141010.46.016.4354.02.524.51.135.4252078010.33.213.5354.03.024.50.936.52520109010.34.414.7354.03.524.50.737.52520139010.35.716.0453.02.525.70.838.32620119010.24.614.8453.03.025.70.539.72620158010.26.116.3453.03.525.70.341.02620197010.27.717.9453.52.526.90.740.42710117010.14.314.4453.53.026.90.441.82710156010.15.815.9453.53.526.90.243.12710195010.17.217.9454.02.528.10.542.52800115010.04.114.1454.03.028.10.343.82800154010.05.515.4454.03.528.10.045.22800193010.06.916.8553.02.528.70.344.5285015709.95.515.4553.03.028.70.046.1285020609.97.217.1553.03.528.7-0.447.7285025409.98.918.8553.52.530.20.147.1296015609.85.215.0553.53.030.2-0.248.7296020409.86.816.6553.53.530.2-0.650.7269025109.88.318.1554.02.521.7-0.149.6306015409.74.914.5554.03.031.7-0.551.2306020209.76.416.0554.03.531.7-0.852.8306024909.77.917.5注：所用飼料由40%中等成熟的豆料青貯，27%普通玉米青貯、23%去苞葉破碎玉米、12%豆粕（48%粗蛋白）、2%的改變的營養(yǎng)需要量假定為NEL（680kg）（90）大體型母牛（體重=680kg）泌乳初期（采食量為泌乳第90天的估計值）每日營養(yǎng)養(yǎng)需要量見表B.8。表B.8 大體母體重=680乳（食為乳第90的計每營養(yǎng)需（本表租于TDN量于78的糧構(gòu)）產(chǎn)奶量（kg）乳脂率(%)真蛋白質(zhì)DMI（kg）體重變化（kg）NEL(Mcal）RDP（g）RUP（g）RDP（%）RUP（%）CP4（%）253.02.519.61.0026.0019406209.93.213.1253.03.019.60.8026.8019408409.94.314.2253.03.519.60.7027.50194010709.95.515.4253.52.520.30.9027.2020006009.93.012.9253.53.020.30.8027.9020008209.94.013.9253.53.520.30.6028.70200010509.95.215.1254.02.521.00.9028.4020605809.82.512.6254.03.021.00.7029.1020607109.83.913.7254.03.521.00.6029.80206010309.74.914.7353.02.522.70.6032.2022109909.74.414.1353.03.022.70.4033.20221013009.75.715.4353.03.522.70.2034.20221016209.77.116.8353.52.523.60.5033.8022909609.74.113.8353.53.023.60.3023.80229012809.75.415.1353.53.523.60.1025.90229216009.76.716.4354.02.524.50.4035.4023709409.73.813.5354.03.024.50.2036.50237012609.75.114.8354.03.524.50.0037.50237015709.66.416.1453.02.525.70.1028.30247013709.65.314.9453.03.025.7-0.1039.70247017809.66.916.5453.03.525.7-0.4041.00247021809.68.518.1453.52.526.90.0040.40257013409.65.014.6453.53.026.9-0.2041.80257017509.66.516.1453.53.526.9-0.5043.10257021609.68.017.6454.02.528.1-0.1042.50267013109.54.714.2454.03.028.1-0.3043.80267017209.56.115.6454.03.528.1-0.6045.20267021309.57.617.1注：只有飼糧RDP和RUP達到完全平衡，二者之和才能滿足所需的粗蛋白。=450kg）（DM）小型品種（體重=450kg）未配種青年母牛每日營養(yǎng)需要量（以DM為基礎(chǔ)）見表B.9。表B.9 小型種體重=450kg）未配青母每營需要以DM為礎(chǔ)）體重（kg）日增重（kg/d）DMI（kg/d）TDN(%)NE(Mcal/d)NE4(Mcal/d)ME(Mcal/d)RDP(g/d)RUP(g/d)RDP(%)RUP(%)CP(%)Ca(g/d)P(g/d)1000.33.056.52.640.476.02551108.63.712.41471000.43.058.62.640.646.42701439.04.713.71881000.53.160.72.640.826.72841759.35.715.021101000.63.162.92.641.007.02982079.66.716.325111000.73.165.22.641.197.331023910.07.717.728121000.83.167.72.641.377.632327010.48.719.031131500.34.056.53.570.638.2346958.62.411.01581500.44.158.63.570.878.73661249.03.012.019101500.54.160.73.571.119.13851529.33.712.922111500.64.262.93.571.369.54031809.64.313.925121500.74.265.33.571.619.942120710.04.914.928131500.84.267.73.571.8610.343723410.45.515.931142000.35.056.54.440.7910.2429818.61.610.317102000.45.158.64.441.0810.74541069.02.111.120112000.55.160.74.441.3811.34781319.32.611.823122000.65.262.94.441.6811.85001569.63.012.626132000.75.265.24.441.9912.352217910.03.413.429142000.85.267.74.442.3112.854320210.43.914.232152500.35.956.55.240.9312.0508698.61.29.819112500.46.058.65.241.2812.7537919.01.510.521122500.56.160.75.241.6313.45651139.31.911.124132500.66.162.95.241.9914.05921359.62.211.827142500.76.265.25.242.3614.661715510.02.512.530152500.86.267.75.242.7315.264217510.42.813.232163000.36.756.56.011.0713.8582588.60.99.520123000.46.958.66.011.4614.6616799.01.110.123133000.57.060.76.011.8715.3648989.31.410.726143000.67.062.96.012.2816.06781179.61.711.328153000.77.165.26.012.7016.770713510.01.911.931163000.87.167.76.013.1317.473615110.42.112.53417注：只有飼糧RDP和RUP達到完全平衡，二者之和才能滿足所需的粗蛋白。=650kg）（DM）大型品種（體重=650kg）未配種青年母牛每日營養(yǎng)需要量（以DM為基礎(chǔ)）見表B.10。表B.10 大型種體重=650kg）未配青母每營需要以DM為礎(chǔ)）體重（kg）日增重（kg/d）DMI（kg/d）TDN(%)NE(Mcal/d)NE4(Mcal/d)ME(Mcal/d)RDP(g/d)RUP(g/d)RDP(%)RUP(%)CP(%)Ca(g/d)P(g/d)1500.54.158.43.570.848.63641678.94.113.023111500.64.160.03.571.039.03791999.24.814.026121500.74.261.73.571.229.33932309.45.514.930131500.84.263.43.571.419.64072619.76.215.933151500.94.265.33.571.619.942129210.06.916.937161501.04.267.23.571.8010.343432210.37.617.940171501.14.269.23.572.0010.644635210.68.318.943182000.55.158.44.441.0510.74521488.92.911.924122000.65.160.04.441.2811.14701779.23.412.627132000.75.261.74.441.5111.54882059.44.013.430142000.85.263.44.441.7511.95052339.74.514.233152000.95.265.34.441.9912.352226010.05.015.037172001.05.267.24.442.2412.753818710.35.515.840182001.15.269.24.442.4913.155431410.66.016.643192500.56.058.45.241.2412.65341318.92.211.125132500.66.160.05.241.5113.15561569.22.611.828.0142500.76.161.75.241.7913.65771829.43.012.431152500.86.263.45.242.0714.15972079.73.413.134162500.96.265.35.242.3614.661723210.03.713.737172501.06.267.25.242.6515.063625610.34.114.440182501.16.269.25.242.9415.565518010.64.515.143193000.56.958.46.011.4214.56121148.91.710.627143000.66.960.06.011.7315.16371389.22.011.230153000.77.061.76.012.0515.66611619.42.321.733163000.87.163.46.012.3816.26851839.72.612.335173000.97.165.36.012.7016.770720510.02.912.938183001.07.167.26.013.0317.272922710.33.213.541193001.17.169.26.013.3717.775124810.63.514.144203500.57.758.46.751.5916.2687998.91.310.228153500.67.860.06.751.9416.97151219.21.510.731163500.77.961.76.752.3017.67421419.41.811.234173500.87.963.46.752.6718.27691629.72.011.737183500.98.065.36.753.0318.879418110.02.312.340193501.08.067.26.753.4119.481920010.32.512.842203501.18.069.26.753.7819.984321810.62.713.345214000.58.558.47.461.7618.0760868.91.09.930164000.68.660.07.462.1518.77911059.21.210.433174000.78.761.77.462.5519.48211249.41.410.935184000.88.863.47.462.9520.18501429.71.611.338194000.98.865.37.463.3520.787815910.01.811.841204001.08.867.27.463.7621.490517610.32.012.344214001.18.869.27.464.1822.093119210.62.212.84622注：只有飼糧RDP和RUP達到完全平衡，二者之和才能滿足所需的粗蛋白=450kg）以DM）=450kg）以DMB.11。表B.11 小型種體重=450kg）妊娠年牛日養(yǎng)要量以DM基）體重（kg）日增重（kg/d）DMI（kg/d）TDN(%)NE(Mcal/d)NE4(Mcal/d)ME(Mcal/d)RDP(g/d)RUP(g/d)RDP(%)RUP(%)CP(%)Ca(g/d)P(g/d)3000.37.756.55.420.9615.76632918.63.812.436193000.47.758.65.425.3216.46933109.04.013.039203000.57.760.85.421.6817.07213299.34.213.541213000.67.763.15.422.0617.77483469.74.514.144223000.77.765.55.422.4418.377436410.04.714.747233000.87.768.15.422.8218.979838010.45.015.449243000.97.670.95.423.2119.482239510.85.216.152243500.38.656.26.181.1017.57392828.63.311.938203500.48.758.36.181.5018.37732998.93.412.440213500.58.760.56.181.9219.08053159.33.612.943223500.68.762.86.182.3519.88363309.73.813.446233500.78.765.36.182.7820.486534510.04.014.048243500.88.667.86.183.2221.189335810.44.214.551253500.98.570.66.183.6621.891137110.84.315.153254000.39.556.06.911.2319.28132758.62.911.540214000.49.658.16.911.6820.18512918.93.011.942224000.59.660.36.912.1521.08873059.33.212.445234000.69.662.66.912.6221.89213199.73.312.947244000.79.665.06.913.1122.595333110.03.513.450254000.89.567.66.913.6023.398534210.43.613.952264000.99.470.36.914.0924.0101535210.83.714.555264500.310.455.87.621.3520.98842738.52.611.241224500.410.557.97.621.8521.99262888.92.811.644234500.510.560.17.622.3722.89653019.22.912.146244500.610.562.47.622.8923.710033139.53.012.549254500.710.564.87.623.4224.510383249.93.113.051264500.810.467.47.623.9625.4107333310.33.213.554274500.910.370.1.7.624.5126.1110634110.73.314.05628注：只有飼糧RDP和RUP達到完全平衡，二者之和才能滿足所需的粗蛋白=650kg）以DM）=650kg）以DMB.12。表B.12 大型種體重=650kg）妊娠年牛日養(yǎng)要量以DM基）體重（kg）日增重（kg/d）DMI（kg/d）TDN(%)NE(Mcal/d)NE4d)MEd)RDP(g/d)RUP(g/d)RDP(%)RUP(%)CP(%)Ca(g/d)4500.510.559.37.491.7722.59514029.13.812.9474500.610.561.17.492.1623.29814189.34.013.3504500.710.562.97.492.5523.910104339.64.113.7534500.810.564.87.492.9624.510384489.94.314.2554500.910.466.87.493.3725.2106646210.24.414.7584501.010.468.97.493.7825.8109247510.54.615.1614501.110.371.27.494.1326.4111848810.94.815.6635000.511.359.08.171.9324.210243619.03.412.5495000.611.460.88.172.3625.010574059.33.612.9525000.711.462.68.172.7925.710884199.63.713.3545000.811.364.58.173.2426.411194329.93.813.7575000.911.366.58.173.6727.2114944410.23.914.1595001.011.268.68.174.1327.8117745510.54.114.5625001.111.170.88.174.5828.5120646510.84.215.0655500.512.258.88.842.0925.910943829.03.112.1515500.612.260.58.842.5526.711303959.23.212.553.05500.712.262.38.843.0227.511644079.53.312.9565500.812.264.28.843.4928.311974189.83.413.3585500.912.166.28.843.9829.1112942810.13.513.7615501.012.168.38.844.4629.8126043710.43.614.1645501.112.070.58.844.9530.5129144510.83.714.5666000.513.058.69.502.2427.511633759.02.911.8536000.613.060.39.502.7428.412023879.23.012.2556000.713.062.19.503.2429.312383979.53.012.5586000.813.064.09.503.7530.112744079.83.112.9606000.913.066.09.504.2730.9130841610.13.213.3636001.012.968.09.504.7931.7134242310.43.313.7656001.112.870.29.505.3232.5137443010.73.414.1686500.513.858.410.142.3929.112313718.92.711.6546500.613.860.110.142.9230.112723829.22.812.0576500.713.861.910.143.4631.013113929.52.812.3596500.813.863.810.144.0031.913494009.82.912.7626500.913.865.810.144.5632.7138540810.13.013.0646501.013.767.810.145.1133.6142141410.43.013.4676501.113.670.010.145.6834.4145641810.73.113.869附 錄 C（資料性附錄）膘情評定標準C.1 51分：極瘦。脊背的各椎骨清晰可辨，臀角和腰角銳露，肋骨凸現(xiàn)明顯。腰角與臀角的凹陷極顯，尾根與兩臀角之間成深“V”字形的窩。2u”形。3分：背脊圓形稍隆起，不可辨別一節(jié)節(jié)椎骨，用力按摸可分前出棘突和橫突。腰部較平滑。腰角和臀角圓形平滑，體況一般，營養(yǎng)中等。4分：體況肥，外觀有脂肪沉積。脊背隆起，脊肋切面略拱起，可作肥牛排。用力按壓仍摸不到橫突；腰角部位平坦，尾根和臀角的周圍部位呈圓形，用力時才能摸到髖骨與坐骨結(jié)節(jié)。5附 錄 D（）D.1.表D.1 后備生發(fā)參數(shù)后備牛月齡體重（kg）體高（cm）差良優(yōu)差良優(yōu)146.454.161.8