2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)53

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Itisclearthathumanhistorywillend;theonlymysteryiswhen.Itisalsoclearthatifthetimingislefttonature(or,ifyouprefer,toGod)andhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace’sfinalexitwillbeignoble.Iffuturegenerationsescapethesaurianagonyofextinctionbyawanderingchunkofrockorice,thesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogiant-hoodwillstillburntheirlastsuccessorstoashes:onlycindersandgasesanddustwillremain.

Farfuturegenerationsmightprolongtheprocessbypostingcoloniesbeyondtheearth’sorbit,butthesewouldbesadoutpostsattheendofthesolarsystem’slongday,clutchingmemoriesofalostplanetandofbillionsofsacrificedsouls.Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.Anignobleexistencehoppingfromplanettoplanet—clingingtoeachcloduntilit,initsturn,wasvaporizedorfrozen—mightstillbebearablewereitnotfortheknowledgeofitsfinaluselessness.Intheend,thereisonlydeathbygravityorentropy,thefieryquantumpitortheheatlessgreysoup.

ThegreatviolinistJaschaHeifetzwasgreatnotleastbecausehequittheconcertstageathispeak,beforetheshowbecamestaleortheaudiencedriftedaway.Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-formcoulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.

Moresciencehasrevealedonlyoneplaceintheuniversethatishospitabletointelligentlife,andhumansaretheonlyintelligencethat,asfarasisknown,haseverenjoyedtheopportunitytooccupyit.Ifpeopleleftthestageafterareasonablerun,inthefullnessoftimeintelligencecouldevolveagain(dolphin-people?Chimp-people?Orchid-people?).Andthen,induecourse,whenthisnewspeciesdecipheredhumanbooksorreachedthemarkerthatmightbeleftforthemonthewindlessmoon,theywouldknowthatmanendedhisdominionsothattheirsmightbegin.Imagine,then,howtheywillregardus.Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbehumanbeing’sbestchoiceaboutitsfuture?

2.Whatdoes“interstellartravel”serveaccordingtothewriter?

3.ThewritercitesJaschaHeifetz’sexamplemainlybecause______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatmaybethereasonforhumanbeing’sleavingthestage?

5.Thewriterthinkshumanbeing’sleavingthestagecanbeanyofthefollowingBUT______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Leavingthetimingtonature.

B.Thesaurian-likeelimination.

C.Beingeliminatedbythesun’sunavoidablegrowthtogianthood.

D.Leavingthetimingtohumanbeingitself.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Apracticalwaytoescapetheendoftheworld.

B.Nothingmorethanpostponingtheendoftheworld.

C.Awayhoppingfromplanettoplanet.

D.Awaytoescapefromgravity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.heisafamousviolinist

B.hequitstheconcertstageathispeak

C.hequittingthestagegivessomeinspirationtohumanbeings

D.heisadornedbyhisaudience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theforceofthenature.

B.TheforceoftheGod.

C.Humanbeing’srationality.

D.ThecommandofDN

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated

B.theennoblementofawholespecies

C.anact,almost,ofangels

D.humanbeing’shavingnoalternative

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.（正如海菲茲所理解的，優(yōu)雅地退出是崇高的。只有生物物種能夠選擇同樣優(yōu)雅的退出；其他所有人都像機(jī)器人一樣前進(jìn)。選擇而非必然地呼喚人類(lèi)的時(shí)間，將是人類(lèi)精神對(duì)動(dòng)物本性的最終勝利，是人類(lèi)從DNA的控制下的絕對(duì)解放。）”，由此表明人類(lèi)應(yīng)該自愿地選擇結(jié)束，即作者認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)應(yīng)該用自己的理性控制退出的時(shí)間，因此D選項(xiàng)“把時(shí)間留給人類(lèi)自己”正確。根據(jù)第一段中的“...ifthetimingislefttonatureandhumanshangonuntilthebloodyend,therace’sfinalexitwillbeignoble.（……如果把時(shí)間留給大自然，人類(lèi)堅(jiān)持到血腥的結(jié)局，種族的最后退出將是不光彩的。）”可知本文不支持A選項(xiàng)“把時(shí)間留給大自然”的做法；B選項(xiàng)“像蜥蜴一樣的消滅”和C選項(xiàng)“被太陽(yáng)不可避免的長(zhǎng)成的巨大的遮光罩所消滅”都還是屬于由自然的力量結(jié)束人類(lèi)的做法，同樣不能作為本題答案。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thedifficulties—fantasticdifficulties—ofinterstellartravelmightbeovercome,butthemightiestofstarshipscoulddonomorethandefertheendoftheworld.（星際旅行的困難——難以想象的困難——也許能被克服，但是最強(qiáng)大的星際飛船也只能推遲世界末日的到來(lái)。）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)非是推遲世界末日”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)逃離世界末日的實(shí)用方法”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中作者提到了“fantasticdifficulties（難以想象的困難）”，由此可知星際旅行要面臨很多問(wèn)題，因此并不是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的方法；C選項(xiàng)“是從一個(gè)星球登上另一個(gè)星球的方式”文中沒(méi)有具體提到；D選項(xiàng)“逃離地心引力的方法”文中也沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段，作者引用JaschaHeifetz的例子主要是為了指出下文中的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：“Toexitgracefullyissublime,asHeifetzunderstood.Andonlyonespeciesiscapableofchoosingasimilarlygracefulexit;allothersmarchonlikerobots.（正如海菲茲所理解的，優(yōu)雅地退出是體面的。只有一種物種能夠選擇同樣優(yōu)雅的退出；其他所有都像機(jī)器人一樣前進(jìn)。）”，例子最有助于說(shuō)明這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)的就是他在鼎盛時(shí)期退出舞臺(tái)，因此B選項(xiàng)“他在巔峰時(shí)期退出了音樂(lè)會(huì)舞臺(tái)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他是一個(gè)著名的小提琴家”和D選項(xiàng)“他很受觀(guān)眾的歡迎”文中第三段開(kāi)頭雖然有提到，但是都與支持文本的觀(guān)點(diǎn)無(wú)關(guān)；C選項(xiàng)“他的退場(chǎng)給了人類(lèi)一些啟示”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段最后一句話(huà)“Preciselybecausenootherknownlife-formcoulddoorevenconceivesuchathing,humanitymust.（正是因?yàn)闆](méi)有其他已知的生命形式可以做，甚至設(shè)想這樣的事情，人類(lèi)必須這樣做）”以及前文中提到的人類(lèi)應(yīng)該選擇體面的退出，由此不難看出退出是人類(lèi)的理性使然，因此C選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)的理性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“自然的力量”和B選項(xiàng)“上帝的力量”作者在第一段中已經(jīng)否定了，作者提到如果依靠自然的或者上帝的力量，人類(lèi)的退出將會(huì)是不光彩的；根據(jù)文章第三段“Tocalltimeonthehumanracebychoice,notnecessity,wouldbethefinalvictoryofthehumanspiritoveranimalnature,anabsoluteemancipationfromthecommandofDNA.（以選擇而不是必然的方式呼喚人類(lèi)的時(shí)間，將是人類(lèi)精神對(duì)動(dòng)物本性的最終勝利，是對(duì)DNA命令的絕對(duì)解放。）”可知人類(lèi)應(yīng)該擺脫DNA的控制來(lái)理性的選擇退出，所以D選項(xiàng)“DNA的控制”不正確，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。第四題提到人類(lèi)的退出是種理性的選擇，就可否定D選項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)別無(wú)選擇”。A選項(xiàng)“有史以來(lái)最偉大的善舉”和B選項(xiàng)“整個(gè)物種的崇高”以及C選項(xiàng)“幾乎是天使的行為”作者都有在文章最后提到“Itis,farandaway,thegreatestactofgoodnessevercontemplated,theennoblementofawholespecies;anact,almost,ofangels.（這是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，有史以來(lái)最偉大的善舉，整個(gè)物種的崇高；幾乎是天使的行為。）”，因此作者認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的退出是崇高的善舉，天使的行為。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,（1）willbeusefultointroducesome（2）concepts.Conflict,（3）asoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,is（4）fromcompetition,（5）meansoppositionamongsocialunits（6）seekingtoobtainsomethingwhichis（7）inadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotknowaboutoneanother,whichthosewho（8）inaconflictdo.Conflictandcompetitionareboth（9）ofopposition.Themeaningofoppositionhasbeenstatedasaprocessbywhichsocialunitsfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionis（10）contrastedtocooperation,a（11）bywhichsocialunitsfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.These（12）arenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimited（13）,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isvery（14）tooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavebasedtheirargumentsthatwarcannotbeavoidedontheidea（15）inthestruggleforexistenceamonggroupsofanimals,onlythosewhicharebestadaptedremain（16）.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggle（17）iscompetition,notconflict.Thosewhofailinthiscompetition（18）starvetodeathorarekilledbyothertypesofanimals.Thisstruggleforexistenceisnot（19）humanwar,butis（20）thecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Themostimportantqualityofthisstruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatarenotenoughtosatisfyall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.relating

C.relative

D.relation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.specified

B.remarked

C.defined

D.claimed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.variable

B.distinguished

C.various

D.isolated

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.this

C.that

D.which

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.critically

B.approximately

C.independently

D.costly

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.with

D.in

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.enter

B.participate

C.fall

D.involve

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.formations

B.classes

C.terms

D.reactions

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.nevertheless

B.however

C.thus

D.maybe

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.procession

B.standard

C.process

D.measurement

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.accounts

B.definitions

C.descriptions

D.explanations

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.resources

B.origins

C.sources

D.materials

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.probably

C.necessarily

D.possibly

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.while

C.when

D.that

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.lived

B.living

C.alive

D.life

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.onthecontrary

B.atlength

C.inparticular

D.innature

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.notonly

B.either

C.neither

D.both

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.similarto

B.sameas

C.resembled

D.imitated

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.equal

B.alike

C.like

D.unlike

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。it+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+todosth.“做某事是……的”，該句型中it做形式主語(yǔ)。句意：在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前，有必要介紹一些相關(guān)的概念。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)related“有關(guān)系的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的；講述的，敘述的”；B選項(xiàng)relating“關(guān)聯(lián)；關(guān)系；聯(lián)系”；C選項(xiàng)relative“相對(duì)的；有關(guān)系的；成比例的”；D選項(xiàng)relation“關(guān)系；敘述；故事；親屬關(guān)系”。relatedconcepts“相關(guān)概念”。句意：在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題之前，有必要介紹一些相關(guān)的概念。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)specified“被指定；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”；B選項(xiàng)remarked“被評(píng)論；被察覺(jué)”；C選項(xiàng)defined“被定義；下定義；使明確”；D選項(xiàng)claimed“被聲稱(chēng)；被宣稱(chēng)；被斷言”。句意：沖突被定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體之間相互對(duì)立的對(duì)立。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)variable“adj.變量的；可變的；易變的，多變的；變異的”；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“v.辨別；使有區(qū)別；看清，認(rèn)出”；C選項(xiàng)various“adj.各種各樣的；多方面的”；D選項(xiàng)isolated“v.使……孤立；使……分離；將……剔出”。根據(jù)固定搭配bedistinguishedfrom“不同于……；有別于……；與……加以區(qū)別”可知句意為：沖突是指社會(huì)實(shí)體之間相互對(duì)立的對(duì)立，它不同于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指社會(huì)單位之間為了獨(dú)立獲取供給不足的東西而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)立。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that，as；關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用主要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分或者是定語(yǔ)從句中缺什么成分。題干中的從句缺少主語(yǔ)成分，定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，修飾人時(shí)用who/that，修飾物時(shí)用which/that引導(dǎo)，that引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)前面一般不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，因此該題應(yīng)選which。句意：沖突是指社會(huì)實(shí)體之間相互對(duì)立的對(duì)立，它不同于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指社會(huì)單位之間為了獨(dú)立獲取供給不足的東西而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)立。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)critically“精密地；危急地；嚴(yán)重地；批評(píng)性地；用鉆研眼光地；很大程度上；極為重要地”；B選項(xiàng)approximately“大約，近似地；近于”；C選項(xiàng)independently“獨(dú)立地；自立地”；D選項(xiàng)costly“昂貴的；代價(jià)高的”。句意：沖突是指社會(huì)實(shí)體之間相互對(duì)立的對(duì)立，它不同于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指社會(huì)單位之間為了獨(dú)立獲取供給不足的東西而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)立。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查固定搭配。inshort/inadequatesupply“缺乏的；供應(yīng)不足的”為固定搭配，一般不用其他介詞。句意：沖突是指社會(huì)實(shí)體之間相互對(duì)立的對(duì)立，它不同于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是指社會(huì)單位之間為了獨(dú)立獲取供給不足的東西而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)立。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)enterin“登記姓名，細(xì)節(jié)”等。如：enterinaniteminanaccountbook將一筆賬記入賬本；B選項(xiàng)participatein“參與”；C選項(xiàng)fallin“陷入”，如fallinlovewithsb；D選項(xiàng)involvein“卷入”，一般為卷入某個(gè)事件。句意：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手可能不了解彼此，而那些參與沖突的人卻了解彼此。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)formations“形成；構(gòu)造；編隊(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)classes“級(jí)別，階級(jí)；種類(lèi)，類(lèi)別”；C選項(xiàng)terms“地位，關(guān)系；條款；術(shù)語(yǔ)；措辭；價(jià)錢(qián)”；D選項(xiàng)reactions“反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)；反動(dòng)，復(fù)古；反作用”。句意：沖突和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都是對(duì)立的兩類(lèi)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)nevertheless“然而，不過(guò)；雖然如此”；B選項(xiàng)however“無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣（接副詞或形容詞）；然而；可是”；C選項(xiàng)thus“因此；從而；這樣；如此”；D選項(xiàng)maybe“也許；可能；大概”。句意：因此，對(duì)立與合作形成對(duì)比，合作是社會(huì)實(shí)體相互服務(wù)的過(guò)程。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列；一列，一排；列隊(duì)行進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；水準(zhǔn)；旗；度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；C選項(xiàng)process“（為達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)的）過(guò)程；（自然變化的）過(guò)程；工藝流程；訴訟程序；傳票；突起；進(jìn)展；（發(fā)型）直發(fā)式”；D選項(xiàng)measurement“測(cè)量；度量；尺寸；量度制”。句意：因此，對(duì)立與合作形成對(duì)比，合作是社會(huì)實(shí)體相互服務(wù)的過(guò)程。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accounts“賬戶(hù)；解釋?zhuān)毁~目，賬單；理由；描述”；B選項(xiàng)definitions“定義；清晰度；解說(shuō)”；C選項(xiàng)descriptions“摘要；說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明書(shū)；描述”；D選項(xiàng)explanations“說(shuō)明，解釋?zhuān)晦q解”。句意：這些定義是必要的，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)在一個(gè)資源有限的世界中，個(gè)人或群體之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，但沖突不是。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resources“資源，財(cái)力；辦法；智謀”；B選項(xiàng)origins“起源；原點(diǎn)；出身；開(kāi)端”；C選項(xiàng)sources“來(lái)源；水源；原始資料”；D選項(xiàng)materials“材料；布料；原料；材質(zhì)”。句意：這些定義是必要的，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)在一個(gè)資源有限的世界中，個(gè)人或群體之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，但沖突不是。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查詞性。A選項(xiàng)likely“adj.很可能的；合適的；有希望的”；B選項(xiàng)probably“adv.大概；或許；很可能”；C選項(xiàng)necessarily“adv.必要地；必定地，必然地”；D選項(xiàng)possibly“adv.可能地；也許；大概”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，句意：然而，沖突是很可能發(fā)生的，而且可能是人類(lèi)社會(huì)的一個(gè)基本和可取的因素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that，whether，what，which，who，when，where，why，how等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，即that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略。該句空格后的句子成分完整，所以應(yīng)用that作為引導(dǎo)詞。句意：許多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是無(wú)法避免的，他們的論點(diǎn)是基于這樣一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即在動(dòng)物群體之間為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中，只有那些最適合生存的動(dòng)物才能存活。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)lived“居住；活著；度過(guò)；以……為生”；B選項(xiàng)living“活的；現(xiàn)存的；在使用的；供生活起居用的；活躍的；逼真的”；C選項(xiàng)alive“活著的；活潑的；有生氣的”；D選項(xiàng)life“生活，生存；壽命”。根據(jù)固定搭配remainalive“仍然在世；活著；存活”可知句意為：許多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是無(wú)法避免的，他們的論點(diǎn)是基于這樣一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即在動(dòng)物群體之間為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中，只有那些最適合生存的動(dòng)物才能存活。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthecontrary“相反；反之；正相反；反而”；B選項(xiàng)atlength“最后，終于；詳細(xì)地”；C選項(xiàng)inparticular“特別地；尤其；特別是”；D選項(xiàng)innature“性質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上；實(shí)質(zhì)上”。句意：但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這種斗爭(zhēng)本質(zhì)上是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不是沖突。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)notonly“不僅是；不只”；B選項(xiàng)eitheror“二者擇一的；要么……要么……”；C選項(xiàng)neither“兩者都不；既不……也不……”；D選項(xiàng)both“雙方都，兩者都；不僅……而且……”。句意：在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中失敗的動(dòng)物，要么就是餓死，要么就被別的動(dòng)物殺死。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)similarto“與……相似；和……相同”；B選項(xiàng)sameas“等同于；與……一致”；C選項(xiàng)resembled“類(lèi)似，像；相像”；D選項(xiàng)imitated“模仿的；仿造的”。根據(jù)固定搭配besimilarto“與……相似；類(lèi)似”可知句意為：這種為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)不像人類(lèi)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)equal“平等的；相等的；勝任的”；B選項(xiàng)alike“相似的；相像的”；C選項(xiàng)like“像，如同；符合……的方式”；D選項(xiàng)unlike“不像，和……不同；與……不同”。根據(jù)固定搭配belike“像；相像；好像”可知句意為：這種為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)與人類(lèi)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不同，而是像個(gè)人為就業(yè)、市場(chǎng)和材料而進(jìn)行的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Almost15yearsago,in“TheWorkofNations,”Idescribedathree-tieredworkforcefoundinmostadvancedeconomies.Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.Inthemiddlewereproductionworkersinfactoriesoroffices,performingsimple,repetitivetasks.Atthetopwere“symbolicanalysts”,likeengineersorlawyers,whomanipulateinformationtosolveproblems.Educatedtothinkcritically,almostallhaveuniversitydegrees.Theyweretheknowledgeworkersoftheneweconomy.

Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers’.

Twodifferentgroupsofsymbolicanalystsareemerging:nationalandglobal.Mostsymbolicanalystsstillworkwithinanationaleconomy,manipulatingvariouskindsofsymbolswiththeaidofcomputers.They’reatthecoreoftheirnations’middleclass—accountants,engineers,lawyers,journalistsandotheruniversity-trainedprofessionals.

Yetanewgroupisemergingattheverytop.They’reCEOsandCFOsofglobalcorporations,andpartnersandexecutivesinglobalinvestmentbanks,lawfirmsandconsultancies.Unlikemostnationalsymbolicanalysts,theseglobalsymbolicanalystsconductalmostalltheirworkinEnglish,andsharewithoneanotheranincreasinglysimilarcosmopolitanculture.

There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.

Thefearsofnationalsymbolicanalystsarepremature.Thedemandfortheirskillsisstillrising,notwithstandingthenewcompetition.TheearningsofuniversitygraduatesintheUnitedStatesandmostadvancedeconomiescontinuetooutpacetheearningsofthosewithonlysecondary-schooldiplomas,andtheearningsofpeoplewithgraduateandprofessionaldegreesarerisingevenfaster.Ifdemandforsymbolicanalystsweredropping,wewouldexpecttheopposite.

YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.Theincomeandwealthgapbetweenthemwillwidenintoachasm.Theywilllive,literally,indifferentcultures.

1.Inwhatwayisthepredictionmadebytheauthor15yearsagoflawed?

2.Inwhatwayhasthethreetierschangedshapeindevelopedcountries?

3.Theemergenceoftheglobalsymbolicanalystsismainlyattributabletothe______.

4.Theauthoradvisesadvancedcountrieswanttokeeptheircompetitiveadvantageto______.

5.Theauthorimpliesinthetextthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theincomegapsbetweenthetiersarenotwidening.

B.Advancesintechnologycreateafourthtieronthetop.

C.Theincomegapbetweenthemiddleandtoptiersismadewider.

D.Theknowledgeworkersbecomethelargestgroupoftheworkforce.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thenumberofmanufacturingworkersisonthedecline.

B.Thesymbolicanalystshavebecomethedominantworkforce.

C.Thenumberofpeopleinserviceindustryremainsstable.

D.Thecomputerworkersreceivethelargersalariesthanotherworkers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.popularityoftheEnglishlanguage

B.increasedtransnationalbusinesstransaction

C.lackofsuitablelawapplicabletoglobaldealings

D.emergenceofaglobalculture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.narrowdowntheincomegapsbetweentiersoftheworkforce

B.givenationalsymbolicanalystscons

C.paydueattentiontotheriseofglobalsymbolicanalysts

D.streammoremoneyintoeducationandresearch

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.afour-tieredclassificationismoresuitableforpicturingthepresentworkforce

B.nationalsymbolicanalystswillplayavitalroleintheupcomingglobalization

C.graduatesfromChineseandIndianuniversitieswillbevaluedinadvancedeconomies

D.engineersandcomputerscientistswillplaydifferentrolesindifferentcultures

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Ipredictedthatadvancesintechnology,andglobalization,wouldwidenthegapsinincomeandopportunitybetweenthesetiers.WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.（我預(yù)測(cè)，技術(shù)進(jìn)步和全球化將擴(kuò)大這些階層之間的收入和機(jī)會(huì)差距。我沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的是，這三層的形狀會(huì)發(fā)生如此巨大的變化。頂層和底層都在增長(zhǎng)，而中層在萎縮，比我預(yù)期的要快得多。）”，由頂層在增長(zhǎng)，中層在萎縮，可推斷出中高層階級(jí)的收入差距變得更大了，這是作者沒(méi)有預(yù)測(cè)到的，所以C選項(xiàng)“中高層收入差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大”符合題意。根據(jù)“WhatIdidn’tpredictwasthatthethreetierswouldchangeshapesodramatically.（我沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的是，這三層的形狀會(huì)發(fā)生如此巨大的變化。）”可知A選項(xiàng)“各階層之間的收入差距沒(méi)有擴(kuò)大”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)的進(jìn)步創(chuàng)造了比高層更高的第四層”不符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)工人成為勞動(dòng)力的最大群體”，文章提到“Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.（象征性分析師現(xiàn)在占據(jù)了發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體所有工作崗位的五分之一以上，而15年前這一比例約為15%。）”，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)知識(shí)工人成為勞動(dòng)力的最大群體，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking,muchfasterthanIexpected.Symbolicanalystsnowmakeupmorethanafifthofalljobsinadvancedeconomies,upfromabout15percent15yearsago.Theirincomesindevelopingeconomiesaresoaring,relativetootherworkers.（頂層和底層都在增長(zhǎng)，而中層在萎縮，比我預(yù)期的要快得多。象征性分析師現(xiàn)在占據(jù)了發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體所有工作崗位的五分之一以上，而15年前這一比例約為15%。相對(duì)于其他工人，他們?cè)诎l(fā)展中國(guó)家的收入正在飆升。）”，以及結(jié)合第一段可知，中層階級(jí)主要是制造業(yè)工人，該句中提到中層階級(jí)在萎縮，由此可推斷制造業(yè)工人的數(shù)量在下降，A選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)工人數(shù)量在下降”正確；B選項(xiàng)“象征性分析師已經(jīng)成為主導(dǎo)的勞動(dòng)力”，文章只提到了他們的比例有所提高，并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)他們的主導(dǎo)地位，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段“Atthebottomwereworkerswhoofferpersonalservice,mainlyinretailoutlets,restaurants,hotelsandhospitals.（最底層的是提供個(gè)人服務(wù)的工人，主要在零售店、餐館、酒店和醫(yī)院工作。）”，且第二段提到“Thetopandbottomtiersaregrowing,andthemiddleshrinking...（頂層和底層都在增長(zhǎng)，而中層在萎縮……）”可知服務(wù)業(yè)從業(yè)人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了，所以C選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)業(yè)從業(yè)人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)工人的工資比其他工人高”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“There’sagoodeconomicreasonthatthisgroupofglobalsymbolicanalystsemerged.Globalcommerceisnowoccurringonascaleandwithacomplexitythatnocommercialcontractcanadequatelycoverandnosinglelegalsystemcansufficientlyenforce.Hence,globaldealmakersmustrelytoanevergreaterextentonanextendednetworkofpeoplewhomtheytrust.（這群全球符號(hào)分析師的出現(xiàn)有一個(gè)很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)原因。目前全球商業(yè)的規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性是任何商業(yè)合同都無(wú)法充分涵蓋的，是任何單一的法律體系都無(wú)法充分執(zhí)行的。因此，全球交易商必須在更大程度上依賴(lài)于他們所信任的擴(kuò)大網(wǎng)絡(luò)。）”，由此可推斷出全球符號(hào)分析師出現(xiàn)的根本原因是因?yàn)槿狈m用于全球交易的法律，所以C選項(xiàng)“缺乏適用于全球交易的法律”正確。A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的普及”；B選項(xiàng)“跨國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)交易的增加”雖然也是一個(gè)原因，但不是根本原因；D選項(xiàng)“全球文化的出現(xiàn)”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“YetunlesstheadvancedeconomiesinvestmoreineducationandbasicR&D,theycouldlosetheirgloballeadinscience,engineeringandhigh-value-addedproductionwithinafewdecades.（然而，除非發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體在教育和基礎(chǔ)研發(fā)方面加大投資，否則它們可能在幾十年內(nèi)失去在科學(xué)、工程和高附加值生產(chǎn)方面的全球領(lǐng)先地位。）”，由此可知作者建議發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家如果想要保持他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，就必須加大對(duì)教育和研究與開(kāi)發(fā)方面的投資，所以D選項(xiàng)“加大對(duì)教育和研究的資金投入”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“縮小勞動(dòng)階層之間的收入差距”；B選項(xiàng)“給國(guó)家象征分析家一些批評(píng)”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)全球符號(hào)分析者的崛起給予應(yīng)有的關(guān)注”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“ChinaandIndiaarenowgraduatingmoreengineersandcomputerscientiststhanareemergingfromAmericanandEuropeanuniversities.Atsomepoint,nationalsymbolicanalystsinadvancedeconomieswillloseground.Theirglobalbrethren,meanwhile,willcontinuetodominateglobalcommerce.（現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)和印度的工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家畢業(yè)生比美國(guó)和歐洲大學(xué)畢業(yè)生還要多。在某種程度上，發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的國(guó)家象征性分析師將失去優(yōu)勢(shì)。與此同時(shí)，他們的全球兄弟將繼續(xù)主導(dǎo)全球商業(yè)。）”，由此可推斷出C選項(xiàng)“中國(guó)和印度大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生將在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體受到重視”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“四級(jí)分類(lèi)更適合描述目前的勞動(dòng)力”；B選項(xiàng)“國(guó)家象征分析家將在即將到來(lái)的全球化中扮演至關(guān)重要的角色”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家將在不同的文化中扮演不同的角色”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Oncloser______,however,theplacehassubtlemarksofdistinction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspection

B.inspiration

C.expectation

D.execution

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspection“視察，檢查”；B選項(xiàng)inspiration“靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)expectation“期待；預(yù)期；指望”；D選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行，實(shí)行；完成；死刑”。句意：然而，仔細(xì)觀(guān)察，這個(gè)地方有微妙的區(qū)別。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句同位語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)“you”是動(dòng)作“insult”的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)形式應(yīng)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone”。句意：有句老話(huà)說(shuō)，除非你同意，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被侮辱。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潛在的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)肯定是閃閃發(fā)光的。在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，通過(guò)將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫(kù)中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。隨著時(shí)間的推移，基因測(cè)試使人們能夠選擇合適的治療方法和生活方式來(lái)戰(zhàn)勝疾病。在這兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景：數(shù)以千計(jì)的新藥可以治療以前無(wú)法治療的疾??；為個(gè)人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾病。）”，由此可知題干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必將被證明是一項(xiàng)富有成效的研究，即它可以治療遺傳疾病，所以C選項(xiàng)“真正的工程必將被證明是一項(xiàng)富有成效的研究”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“追尋人類(lèi)的生命密碼肯定會(huì)引發(fā)很多爭(zhēng)論”；B選項(xiàng)“真正的工程沒(méi)有履行一些醫(yī)療承諾”以及D選項(xiàng)“基因研究的潛在回報(bào)實(shí)際上被證明是很小的”文章都沒(méi)有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuine