2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)38

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exile“放逐，流放”；B選項(xiàng)hostage“人質(zhì)，抵押品”；C選項(xiàng)survivor“幸存者”；D選項(xiàng)refugee“難民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官員估計(jì)，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)致50多萬難民急需食物、衣服和住所。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhonorof

B.inaccordancewith

C.incontrastwith

D.inagreementwith

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)inhonorof“為慶?！保籅選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“依照，與…一致”；C選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與…形成對(duì)比”；D選項(xiàng)inagreementwith“同意，與…一致”。句意：這篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾是對(duì)兩篇新聞報(bào)道的描述，每一篇都有一個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)與另一篇形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

3.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對(duì)處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來的利益將是有限的?！弊髡叩闹攸c(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項(xiàng)成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個(gè)社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲(chǔ)藏的實(shí)用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識(shí)到的要重要得多。”選項(xiàng)A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早。”所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早”。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)B太過于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C表述過于片面，只有選項(xiàng)D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

4.單選題

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)cancel“取消”；B選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除，廢止”；C選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕”；D選項(xiàng)reject“拒絕，排斥”。句意：人類開發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Whethertheirfootballteamwillwinisamatterof（

）tome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indifference

B.discrimination

C.deviation

D.interests

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)indifference“漠不關(guān)心，冷淡，不重視”；B選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視，差別”；C選項(xiàng)deviation“偏差”；D選項(xiàng)interest“興趣，愛好”。句意：他們的足球隊(duì)是否會(huì)贏對(duì)我來說無關(guān)緊要。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的電腦有多快？當(dāng)人們問這個(gè)問題時(shí)，他們通常指的是計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部一個(gè)微小時(shí)鐘的頻率，它是一個(gè)晶體振蕩器，設(shè)定了整個(gè)機(jī)器使用的基本節(jié)奏。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文句意“在計(jì)算機(jī)的微處理器芯片中，一個(gè)時(shí)鐘分配系統(tǒng)將晶體振蕩器發(fā)出的定時(shí)信號(hào)傳送到各個(gè)電路中，就像鼓聲通過空氣傳播給士兵，以此來確定他們行進(jìn)的步伐一樣。”由此可推斷，這里提到鼓聲在空氣中傳播是為了說明定時(shí)信號(hào)的傳遞和聲音在空氣中傳播的方式是類似的，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.隨著速度的提高，定時(shí)信號(hào)的分配變得越來越困難?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.要使一個(gè)大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的節(jié)奏，需要精心的設(shè)計(jì)和大量的電力?！边x項(xiàng)C和D符合原文。選項(xiàng)B是由于速度過快導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果而不是缺點(diǎn)，所以不正確，本題選B。

4.詞義題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，“alternative”意為“替代品”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,我們?cè)谔栁⑾到y(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究組正在尋找這樣的替代品。和世界上其他幾個(gè)組織一起...”由此可推斷，尋找更好的同步系統(tǒng)替代品是一個(gè)國(guó)際性問題，選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，B，C均是事實(shí)，不是推導(dǎo)出來的，所以不符合題意。

7.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)模式適用的情況下，行政機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此，奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱，反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)并沒有給行政機(jī)構(gòu)自由處理權(quán)，讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提，那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法，要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對(duì)有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進(jìn)行特定的程序控制，應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護(hù)的合法利益范圍;(b)評(píng)估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護(hù)這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。

對(duì)有針對(duì)性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性，減少錯(cuò)誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財(cái)產(chǎn)的危險(xiǎn)。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨(dú)立法官可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯(cuò)誤。

從更廣泛的意義上講，對(duì)有針對(duì)性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益，不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群，它可以阻止行政部門行使不負(fù)責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進(jìn)行殺戮。如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個(gè)世界：中央情報(bào)局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力，以可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個(gè)人對(duì)于反對(duì)暴政都有明顯的興趣。

8.單選題

His（

）bookwilldealwithindustrialrelations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.actual

B.forthcoming

C.prompt

D.eventual

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)actual“實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)forthcoming“即將來臨的”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的，迅速的”；D選項(xiàng)eventual“最終的”。句意：他即將出版的書將論述勞資關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

I'veheardthatyouaregoingto（

）theboss'sjobwhensheretires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.putinfor

C.putoutto

D.putinon

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”；B選項(xiàng)putinfor“申請(qǐng)”；C選項(xiàng)putoutto“拿出去”；D選項(xiàng)putinon沒有此搭配。句意：我聽說你打算在老板退休后申請(qǐng)（接替）她的職位。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscramthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalifiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.Complete.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts;therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone'sownhouseandfileatone'sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy"towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreatsbyfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravelersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin"veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid"infilefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.WhichoffilefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed（

）.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish（

）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Meltingsnows

B.Largepopulation

C.Steephillsides

D.Fertilevalleys

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcomingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，“debts”不是指?jìng)鶆?wù),而是上文提及的“Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.每個(gè)家庭和氏族都有世仇恩怨，長(zhǎng)期不和。眾多的部落和部落的組合形成了怨怨相報(bào)的惡性循環(huán)局面?！彼赃x項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.帕坦人的生活充滿了樂趣，山谷被無盡的陽光和充沛的水滋養(yǎng)著，肥沃得幾乎不需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)就能生產(chǎn)出稀少人口所需的適量物資?！庇纱丝芍?選項(xiàng)B與原文中“sparsepopulation”不符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.”步槍的便捷性在印度高地最受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句...awholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.一系列的爭(zhēng)吵就是從這個(gè)源頭開始的?！笨芍x項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.他們?cè)噲D通過威脅、筑堡壘和發(fā)放補(bǔ)貼來確保這些道路的安全?！笨芍x項(xiàng)C也錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravelersalongtheroad.一路上人們都被要求保持安靜，不要互相射擊,最重要的是不要向沿途的行人開槍。”客觀上來說,阻止了帕坦人之間的仇恨,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要描述的都是和帕坦人相關(guān)，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A，范圍太廣；選項(xiàng)B和C只是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不夠全面；只有選項(xiàng)D最能概括全文主旨，所以正確。

11.單選題

Bysigningtheleasewemadea（

）topayarentof$200aweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conception“概念，設(shè)想”；B選項(xiàng)commission“委員會(huì)；傭金”；C選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；D選項(xiàng)confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”。句意：通過簽訂租約，我們承諾每周支付200美元的租金。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每個(gè)冰晶的核心都有一個(gè)極小的核....”選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.簡(jiǎn)單的雪花有各種美麗的形狀，通常是六角形的，盡管雪花在大多數(shù)顯微鏡圖像下再生的形狀是對(duì)稱的，但通常在實(shí)際的降雪過程中卻不是這樣的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)C表述不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的?！边x項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A中“plenty”不準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該是“constant”；選項(xiàng)B中的溫度在文中沒有涉及；選項(xiàng)C與題干無關(guān)；只有選項(xiàng)D正確，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)上一題的分析“如果降雪持續(xù)不斷，必須有源源不斷的水分供應(yīng)核。這種水分是由氣流通過水面并隨后上升到大氣的較高區(qū)域提供的。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

13.單選題

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)grave“重大的”；B選項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”；C選項(xiàng)anxious“焦慮的”；D選項(xiàng)worried“擔(dān)心的”。句意：她是對(duì)知識(shí)是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大學(xué)之前就自學(xué)了所有的課程。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Wha