2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號85

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proceed開始；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁；懇求

C.resort訴諸；采取D.incline傾向于

【考察點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】句意為只有動物在被困住的時候，它們才會采取暴力措施來逃走。C選項(xiàng)resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proceedto繼續(xù)下去；

B選項(xiàng)appealto呼吁；上訴；要求；對……有吸引力；

D選項(xiàng)inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因?yàn)轭}意為動物們已經(jīng)被困住了；

以上選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】一般來說，只有當(dāng)動物被困住時，它們才會采取暴力措施以逃脫。

2.單選題

Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%

discount.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceeding

B.reducing

C.proceeding

D.promoting

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.exceeding超過（數(shù)量）B.reducing減少

C.proceeding開始；繼續(xù)做D.promoting促進(jìn)；提升

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：對所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。分號后面的折扣更大，應(yīng)該指如果是更多美元的訂單，我們給出的折扣更多。應(yīng)該選A.exceeding超過，表示更多。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】所有1000美元的訂單，我們可以給0.5%的折扣。超過2000美元的訂單須加2%的折扣。

3.單選題

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相當(dāng)于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小說所代入的世界所吸引。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thefiremen（

）theabandonedwarehouseforpotentialfirehazards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scanned

B.inspected

C.scrutinized

D.audited

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。scan“瀏覽，掃視”；inspect“檢查，仔細(xì)挑剔”；scrutinize“細(xì)看，仔細(xì)閱讀，仔細(xì)挑剔地檢查”；audit“審計(jì)，查賬”。句意：消防員檢查了廢棄倉庫是否存在潛在的火災(zāi)隱患。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

從20世紀(jì)40年代中期起，人類已經(jīng)制造出上千種農(nóng)藥，普遍用于農(nóng)場、花園和森林，以消滅昆蟲和雜草。本來它們的最初目的是殺死幾種雜草和幾種昆蟲，但是卻造成了現(xiàn)在這樣嚴(yán)重的后果：鳥兒不再唱歌，魚兒不再跳躍，樹葉蒙上了一層毒藥，土壤中長期存留大量有毒物質(zhì)。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

6.單選題

ShortagesoffluvaccinearenothingnewinAmerica,butthisyear’sisawhopper.Untillastweek,itappearedthat100millionAmericanswouldhaveaccesstoflushotsthisfall.ThenBritishauthorities,concernedaboutqualitycontrolproblemsataproductionplantinLiverpool,barredallfurthershipmentsbytheChironCorpOvernight,theU.S.vaccinesupplydwindledbynearlyhalfandfederalhealthofficialsfoundthemselvesmakinganunusualplea.Insteadofbeseechingusalltogetvaccinated,they’renowurgingmosthealthypeoplebetweentheagesof2and64notto.“Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,”saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and“thelackofredundancyinoursystem.”

Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.Tocreateasingledoseoffluvaccine,amanufacturerhastogrowlivevirusina2-week-oldfertilizedchickenegg,thencracktheegg,harvestthevirusandextracttheproteinsusedtoprovokeanimmuneresponse.Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.Asaresult,theUnitedStatesnowhasonlytwomajorsuppliers(ChironandAvePasteur)—andwhenoneofthemrunsintotrouble,thereisn’tmuchtheothercandoaboutit.“Avaccinemakercan’tjustcallupandorder40millionmorefertilizedeggs,”saysManonCox,ofConnecticut-basedProteinSciencesCorp,“there’sawholeindustrythat’sscheduledtoproduceacertainnumberofeggsatacertaintime.”

Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,butseveralcompaniesarenowpursuingthisstrategy,andoneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’InvivaC.hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.

ForAmericans,theimmediatechallengeistomakethemostofalimitedsupply.Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.Infact,manyexpertsarehopingtheshortagewillserveasanawarenesscampaign—encouragingthepeoplewhoreallyneedaflushottogetone.

1.Shortagesoffluvaccineshowthat（

）.

2.Theword“cleared”(Line5,Paragraph3)mightmean（

）.

3.Privatecompanieshavelittleinterestinproducingfluvaccinesbecauseof（

）.

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americareliestoomuchonforeignsuppliers

B.thedemandoffluvaccinesishighthisyear

C.qualityproblemisaseriousprobleminfluvaccineproduction

D.thesupplyoffluvaccinesisratherweakandAmericahasnoback-upmeasurestomakeitup

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.permitted

B.remove

C.proved

D.produced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedprocess,highcost,lowprofitandhighrisk

B.shortagesoffertilizedchickeneggs

C.difficultyingrowinglivevirus

D.fastchangingoffluvirus

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegovernmenthopestosolvetheproblembywayofvolunteerrestrictions

B.morethan47millionAmericanswhoarequalifiedtogetfluvaccineshotscannotgetthemthisyear

C.Americahastodealwithlimitedsupplyoffluvaccinesthisyear

D.normallyonlyasmallpercentageofAmericanpopulationgetsfluvaccineshotseachyear

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AllAmericansarepersuadednottogetvaccinatedthisyear.

B.Thebigproblemininnovatingfluvaccineproducingtechniqueishowtogrowvirusinanewway.

C.Morefluvaccinescannotbeproducedinashorttimebecauseprivatecompaniesrefusetoproducemore.

D.Fluvaccinesareeasierthanmostvaccinestoproducethroughcellcultures.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“‘Thisreemphasizesthefragilityofourvaccinesupply,’saysDr.MartinMyersoftheNationalNetworkforImmunizationInformation,and‘thelackofredundancyinoursystem.’‘這再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們疫苗供應(yīng)的脆弱性，’全國免疫信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的MartinMyers博士說，‘我們的系統(tǒng)缺乏冗余?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“流感疫苗的供應(yīng)相當(dāng)薄弱，美國也沒有后備措施來彌補(bǔ)”正確。

2.詞義題。由“oneculture-basedproduct(SolvayPharmaceuticals’Invivac)hasbeenclearedformarketinginEurope.有一種基于文化的產(chǎn)品(SolvayPharmaceuticals的Invivac)已經(jīng)獲準(zhǔn)在歐洲上市?！备鶕?jù)formarketinginEurope可以判斷出應(yīng)該是“得到官方批準(zhǔn)和允許”。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Whyissuchabasichealthservicesoeasilyknockedout?Mainlybecauseprivatecompanieshavehadlittleincentivetopursueit.為什么這樣一項(xiàng)基本的醫(yī)療服務(wù)如此容易被取消?主要是因?yàn)樗綘I企業(yè)沒有動力去追求它?！苯酉聛碜髡呓榻B了復(fù)雜的生產(chǎn)工藝，“Profitmarginsarenarrow,demandisfickleand,becauseeachyear’sfluvirusisdifferent,anyleftovervaccinegoestowaste.利潤空間狹窄，需求變化無常，而且由于每年的流感病毒不同，任何剩余的疫苗都被浪費(fèi)了?！惫蔄項(xiàng)“流程復(fù)雜、成本高、利潤低、風(fēng)險大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Thegovernmentestimatethat95millionpeoplestillqualifyforshotsunderthevoluntaryrestrictionsannouncedlastweekend.That’snearlytwicethenumberofdosesthatclinicswillhaveonhand,butonly60millionAmericansseekoutshotsinanormalyear.政府估計(jì)，根據(jù)上周末宣布的自愿限制措施，仍有9500萬人有資格注射疫苗。這幾乎是診所現(xiàn)有劑量的兩倍，但正常年份只有6000萬美國人尋求注射。”可知疫苗現(xiàn)有劑量只有9500萬的一半，即4700多萬。故還有4700多萬有資格注射疫苗的人無法得到注射。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第三段“Sleekertechnologiesarenowintheworks,andexpertsarehopingthatthisyear’sfiascowillspeedthepaceofinnovation.Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.更新的技術(shù)正在研發(fā)中，專家們希望今年的失敗將加快創(chuàng)新的步伐。主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)新流感疫苗生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的最大問題是如何以新的方式培養(yǎng)病毒”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“所有的美國人被勸說今年不要接種疫苗”與文中提到的“2-64歲的健康人群不用接種”不符。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗綘I企業(yè)拒絕生產(chǎn)更多的流感疫苗，所以更多的流感疫苗無法在短時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出來”與文中提到的“疫苗生產(chǎn)操作的難度大導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)商無法在短時間內(nèi)生產(chǎn)更多流感疫苗”不符。D項(xiàng)“流感疫苗比大多數(shù)通過細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的疫苗更容易生產(chǎn)。”與文中的“Themainchallengeistoshiftproductionfromeggsintocellcultures—amediumalreadyusedtomakemostothervaccines.Fluvaccinesareharderthanmosttoproducethisway,主要的挑戰(zhàn)是將生產(chǎn)從卵細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)——一種已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大多數(shù)其他疫苗的培養(yǎng)基。用這種方法生產(chǎn)流感疫苗比大多數(shù)疫苗都難?！辈环?。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)是____。

A.investmentA.投資

B.economyB.經(jīng)濟(jì)

C.technologyC.技術(shù)

D.taxD.稅收

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句，該處講到“所以關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)（thecruxisthetechnology），這也是總統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)所在”因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“投資”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中涉及到的部分但并不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，范圍太廣，太籠統(tǒng)，屬于本末倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“稅收”，是總統(tǒng)計(jì)劃中的一部分但也不是關(guān)鍵，屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主黨中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他們想要一個更直接的行動。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他們想重建工業(yè)。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，該處講到“總統(tǒng)政黨中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行動（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“他們想要一個收入政策來遏制通貨膨脹”，屬于行動中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“他們想重建工業(yè)”，屬于行動中一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)性關(guān)稅壁壘”也是該行動中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?編者的態(tài)度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厭惡。

C.Disapproval.C.反對。

D.Compromise.D.妥協(xié)。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中說到“如果一個行業(yè)不能把自己提升到技術(shù)進(jìn)步的領(lǐng)先階段，那么它就不能有效地競爭”。也就是說作者贊同新計(jì)劃，發(fā)展新技術(shù)。同時他還強(qiáng)調(diào)了新技術(shù)在未來發(fā)展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我們現(xiàn)在不能重組我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會有第二次機(jī)會?！保C合理解可以推測出作者的態(tài)度是支持的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“厭惡”、C選項(xiàng)“反對”、D選項(xiàng)“妥協(xié)”不符合原文作者的觀點(diǎn)，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.這個計(jì)劃的危險在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.雙方的反對意見

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.雙方對這個計(jì)劃有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通過

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無法通過，而在于左右翼的理論家將通過修正案歪曲該法案（distortthebillwithamendments），從而模糊其對技術(shù)的關(guān)注?！?。比對選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“雙方的反對意見”，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“雙方對這個計(jì)劃有不同的看法”，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它的通過”，通過解題思路可知文中明確提到“危險（Thedanger）不在于一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃無法通過”，為反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageis____.這篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顧

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一則廣告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社論

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，該文章是作者對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃的客觀描述。這是對大事件的報道。editorial表示報紙上的一篇重要文章，表達(dá)編輯對某條新聞或某一問題的看法，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一篇回顧”，指回想過去發(fā)生的事情。而該文章描述的是一個經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃，因此屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“一篇前言”，指寫在書或者文章前的序言或?qū)а裕撈恼率且粋€陳述并非引導(dǎo)，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“一則廣告”，廣告應(yīng)該要宣傳什么，不符合文章內(nèi)容，屬于無中生有。

8.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語從句的主語為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認(rèn)為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見跡象，而且也有助于感覺本身。

9.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicof“OntheAgingPopulation”.Youshouldwriteatleast160-180words.

【答案】略

10.寫作題

Thegraphsbelowshowthechangeofinfantmortalityandlifeexpectancyinacountry.Writeanessayof200words.Youressaymustbebasedontheinstructionsasfollows:

1.Describethegraphs

2.Givesomereasons

3.Predictthefutureinfantmortality

【答案】略

11.翻譯題

最近的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退表明了我們對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的依賴。經(jīng)濟(jì)步履蹣跚的時候會發(fā)生什么情況？那時，金融市場會崩潰，房地產(chǎn)價格猛跌，就業(yè)率降低。這么一來，凱恩斯經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就會重新興起。政府投入大量資金，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，同時寄希望于減稅和財政刺激來促進(jìn)投資、生產(chǎn)和就業(yè)。

【答案】Therecentglobalrecessionhasdemonstratedourdependenceoneconomicgrowth.Whathappenswhentheeconomyfalters?Financialmarketswouldcollapse,housingpriceswouldplummetandemploymentwouldfall.Keynesianeconomicscouldberevived.Thegovernmentpouredmoneyintogettingtheeconomymovingagain,hopingtaxcutsandfiscalstimuluswouldboostinvestment,productionandemployment.

12.單選題

Anairplane（

）inthemountain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crashed

B.smashed

C.clashed

D.crushed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。crash“損毀，墜毀”；smash“粉碎，使破產(chǎn)”；clash“發(fā)出撞擊聲，碰撞”；crush“壓壞，損壞”。句意：飛機(jī)在山區(qū)墜毀了。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個小時電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W(xué)后花了很多時間看電視。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里。”可知作者來自于單親家庭。故B項(xiàng)正確。“Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級。但她比我們男孩當(dāng)時所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西。”可知作者的母親接受的教育很少，并且是個清潔工，故C、D項(xiàng)正確。題干問的是哪一項(xiàng)不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變。”可知作者母親讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅(jiān)決的。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準(zhǔn)備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當(dāng)時我并沒有意識到這一點(diǎn)，但這種體驗(yàn)與看電視完全不同?！笨芍髡弋?dāng)時并沒有意識到書本給他帶來的新體驗(yàn)。故D項(xiàng)“他意識到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗(yàn)”不正確。

14.單選題

Heiswellacquaintedwithmanyofthe（

）JesusChristtoldtohisfollowers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecdotes

B.parables

C.legends

D.myths

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。anecdotes“奇聞軼事”；parables“比喻，尤指《圣經(jīng)》里的寓言故事”；legends“傳說，傳奇”；myths“神話”。句意：他對許多耶穌告訴其追隨者的故事很熟悉。故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實(shí)根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學(xué)習(xí)。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學(xué)習(xí)新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎]有這回事。A、B、C三項(xiàng)是導(dǎo)致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)。”可知低落情緒是導(dǎo)致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意，當(dāng)一個年輕人失去什么東西時，他不會責(zé)怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在美國，年輕人從來不會因?yàn)樗ダ匣蚴浂ト魏螙|西?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“年輕人和老年人都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的要普遍得多”；B項(xiàng)“對136對雙胞胎的長期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運(yùn)動速度”；D項(xiàng)“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對大腦的錯誤認(rèn)識，即隨著年齡增長，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項(xiàng)“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

16.單選題

（

）thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.For

B.Now

C.Since

D.Despite

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。for、since通常表示原因，不和that連用，nowthat“既然，因?yàn)?，由于”；despite“盡管”。句意：由于我的頭腦清醒了，我的大腦也開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得更好了。前后句因果關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellas