牛津譯林版高中英語Module-10-Unit-2-Grammar-and-usage教學課件

Unit2PeopleonthemoveGrammarandusage模塊十Unit2Grammarandusage模塊十a(chǎn)griculture2.costofliving3.industrialization4.industrialized5.rural6.urban農(nóng)業(yè)生活成本（費用）工業(yè)化工業(yè)化的農(nóng)村的城市的Revisionagriculture農(nóng)業(yè)生活成城市化的遷移模式現(xiàn)代化生活水平7.urbanization8.migrationpattern9.modernization10.livingstandards城市化的遷移模式現(xiàn)代化生活水平7.urbanizationTheelementsofaparagraphTopicsentenceSupportingsentencesConcludingsentenceTheelementsofaparagraphTo1.TopicsentenceEachparagraphshouldhaveapoint.Thisisusuallyexpressedinatopicsentence,whichclearlystateswhatinformationtheparagraphwillgive.e.g.

Youngadultsgivemanydifferentreasonsformovingtocities.1.Topicsentence主題句

(Topicsentence)每一個段落都應有一個要點，該要點通常由主題句表達。主題句應清楚地陳述本段落的信息。主題句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不是所有的段落都有主題句。例如有時一個段落延續(xù)了前一段落的主題，而前一段落已有主題句了。主題句(Topicsentence)每一個段落都應有Mostoftheyoungpeoplewhoheadforbigcitiessaythesamething“Iwanttohavefun.”Ambitioncandrivesomeyoungpeopletothecitytobe‘wherethebigcompaniesare’.MostoftheyoungpeoplewhohNotallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.Thisissometimesthecasewhen,forexample,aparagraphiscontinuingatopicintroducedinthepreviousparagraph,whichcontainedatopicsentence.

NotallparagraphshaveatopiThetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceofaparagraph.However,inthefirstparagraphofanessay,astoryoranarticle,thetopicsentencemayfollowahook.Tograbtheattentionofreaders,wecanuseahook,whichisoftenaninterestingfact,aquestionoraquotation.e.g.OlderAmericansareonthemove.ThetopicsentenceisusuallyThiswomanfeelsthatforolderpeople‘movingsomewherewarmermakessense’.‘Thecommunityhereunderstandstheneedsofolderpeople,’saysonemaninFlorida.’ThiswomanfeelsthatforoldeWhenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome!aAutumnpassestooquickly.bAutumnleavesarebeautiful.Whenpeoplegooutside,theiranalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsinourschools.aSchoolshouldteachmathsandscience.bArtseducationisanecessarypartof

school.analyticalskills,butnotcre2.SupportingsentencesThetopicsentenceshouldbefollowedbysentenceswhichhelpexplainorproveit

Forexample:Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents.Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder.2.Supportingsentences支撐句(Supportingsentences)主題句后應跟有對其加以解釋或證明的支撐句。段落中支撐句的排列順序應該是有邏輯的。我們可以使用過渡詞語將每個句子與前后的句子連接。可使用的過渡詞語包括：forexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,ontheotherhand,however,but和also等。支撐句(Supportingsentences)主題Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.Wecanusetransitionstolinkeachsentencestothepreviousorfollowingones.Transitionswecanuseincludeforexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,ontheotherhand,however

andalso.ThesentencesinaparagraphsFloridaisapopularchoiceforthesepeoplebecauseoftheclimateandthestate’srelativelyflatlandscape.However,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem.Forexample,ambulanceresponsetimehasdecreased,andmanyhouseshavebathroomsdesignedforelderlyhomeowners,withthingslikewalk-inbathtubsthatreducetheriskofslipsandfalls.Floridaisapopularchoicefo3.ConcludingsentenceAparagraphshouldendwithonesentencethatrespectsthetopicinanewway.Wecanalsousetheconcludingsentencetoexpressafinalideaaboutthetopicortohelpintroducethetopicofthenextparagraph.AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.3.Concludingsentence結(jié)論句(Concludingsentence)段落應以一句用新方式來重復主題的句子結(jié)尾。我們也可以用結(jié)束句來表達關于這個主題的最后想法，或用它來幫助引入下一段的主題。結(jié)論句(Concludingsentence)段落應4.AhookReadthesecondparagraphunderthesubtitleof“Brightlights,bigcity”andidentifythetopicsentenceandsupportingsentencesinit.Whyaquestionisusedatthebeginningoftheparagraph,andwhetherthequestion“wherearealltheyoungpeople”isthetopicsentenceoftheparagraphornot.Askthestudentstofindouttheanswertothisquestion:therearealmostnoyoungpeopleinasmallMidwesterntown;theyhaveallmovedtoliveincities.4.AhookAquestioninsteadofanaffirmativesentenceherecancatchreader’seyesandmakereadermoreinterestedinthetopic.Aquestionlikethisiscalledahook.ReadboththeinstructionsandPart1inthissection.Makesurethatyouknowwhatfunctionofatopicsentenceiswhatahookis.Then,readthetwoparagraphsinPartAandidentifythetopicsentenceforeachone.AquestioninsteadofanaffirReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebesttopicsentencetoaddtoeachparagraph.1.______Atfirst,leavesonthetreesturnyellowandred.Oneday,theyturnbrownandfalltotheground.Nightfallsabitearliereachday.Then,onemorning,everythingiscoveredbyasoftblanketofsnow.Whenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome.aReadthefollowingpassageandb2._____Ifonewishestobecomeascientist,suchasaphysicist,biologistorchemicalengineer,heorshemaystudyphysics,botany,biochemistryandmathematics.However,ifastudentpaysattentiononlytothesesubjects,heorshewilldevelopanalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsintheschool.b2._____IfonewishestobecomLuoPingiseditingseveralparagraphshewroteaboutmovingtoanewcity.Helphimmakehiswritingclearerbyaddingtransitionsfromtheboxbelow.1.Atfirst2.Then3.but4.so5.However6.Finally7.AfterAnswers:LuoPingiseditingseveralpaFindout（underline）thetopicsentencesofthefollowingshortpassages:

Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaverealizedhowserioustheproblemis.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.We'vedoneagooddealofwork,buthere'sstillalongwaytogo.Wemustkeeponfightinguntilwefindwaystoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted,anddoawaywithpollution.Wearesurethatwe'llwinthebattle.Goodbye,waterpollution!

________________________________________________________________________________________AFindout（underline）thetopicBLanguagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises._______________________________________________________BLanguagelearningbeginswithnumbadj

physicistn.biologistn.botanyn.biochemistryn.analyticaladj.lawyern.firmn.麻木的物理學家生物學家植物學生物化學分析的律師公司Newwordsandphrasesnumbadj麻木的物理學家生物學9.lawfirm10.adjustment.n.11.bungalown.12.gobowling13.skateboardn.14.astronomern.15.telescopen.16.bakeryn.律師事務所調(diào)整平房,小屋打保齡球滑板天文學家望遠鏡面包店9.lawfirm律師事務所調(diào)整平房,小屋打保齡球滑板LanguagepointsLanguagepoints1.Notallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.（P24）并不是所有的段落都有中心句。英語中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：一、

all的否定式：notall…（或：all…not）表示\"并非都……\"、\"不是所有的都……\"例如：

Notallmencanbemasters.(=Allmencannotbemasters.)并非人人都能當頭頭。

Notallbamboogrowstall.并非所有的竹子都會長很高。1.Notallparagraphshaveat二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…not)"并非兩個……都……"

例如：

Idon'twantboththebooks.我不是兩本書都要。

Both(the)windowsarenotopen.兩扇窗子并不都開著。

三、every…的否定式："不是每……都……"

例如：

Noteverybookiseducative.(或：Everybookisnoteducative.)不是每本書都有教育意義的。

Noteveryonelikesthisbook.并非人人都喜歡這本書。

Thisflowerisnotseeneverywhere.這花并不是隨處可見的。

二、both的否定式：not…both(或：both…四、always的否定式："并非總是（并非一直）……"

例如：

Heisnotalwayssosad.他并不是一直都這樣悲傷。

五、entirely,altogether,completely和quite的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……"

例如：

Thebusinessmanisnevertobeentirelytrusted.不可以完全信任商人。

Hefeltnotaltogethersatisfied.他并不完全滿意。

Idon'tagreecompletely.我并不完全同意。

Whathedidwasnotquiteproper.他做的不十分妥當。四、always的否定式："并非總是（并非一直）……"例六、allthetime的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……"

例如：

Afoolishmandoesn'tmakeamistakeallthetime.笨人未必老是犯錯誤。

七、not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如：

Hedidnotspeakclearlyandcorrectly.他講得清楚但不正確。

Thisfilmisnotinterestingandinstructive.這部電影有趣但無教育意義。

Shecannotsinganddance.她會唱歌但不會跳舞。

如果將and換成or，not對其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。六、allthetime的否定式："并非一直……"、2.Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderpeople.Grammarpoint:presentperfectiveprogressive(現(xiàn)在完成進行時)2.Fordecades,Floridahasbe

HomeworkReviewthegrammar:Theelementsofaparagraph.Homework牛津譯林版高中英語Module-10-Unit-2-Grammar-and-usage教學課件Unit2PeopleonthemoveGrammarandusage模塊十Unit2Grammarandusage模塊十a(chǎn)griculture2.costofliving3.industrialization4.industrialized5.rural6.urban農(nóng)業(yè)生活成本（費用）工業(yè)化工業(yè)化的農(nóng)村的城市的Revisionagriculture農(nóng)業(yè)生活成城市化的遷移模式現(xiàn)代化生活水平7.urbanization8.migrationpattern9.modernization10.livingstandards城市化的遷移模式現(xiàn)代化生活水平7.urbanizationTheelementsofaparagraphTopicsentenceSupportingsentencesConcludingsentenceTheelementsofaparagraphTo1.TopicsentenceEachparagraphshouldhaveapoint.Thisisusuallyexpressedinatopicsentence,whichclearlystateswhatinformationtheparagraphwillgive.e.g.

Youngadultsgivemanydifferentreasonsformovingtocities.1.Topicsentence主題句

(Topicsentence)每一個段落都應有一個要點，該要點通常由主題句表達。主題句應清楚地陳述本段落的信息。主題句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不是所有的段落都有主題句。例如有時一個段落延續(xù)了前一段落的主題，而前一段落已有主題句了。主題句(Topicsentence)每一個段落都應有Mostoftheyoungpeoplewhoheadforbigcitiessaythesamething“Iwanttohavefun.”Ambitioncandrivesomeyoungpeopletothecitytobe‘wherethebigcompaniesare’.MostoftheyoungpeoplewhohNotallparagraphshaveatopicsentence.Thisissometimesthecasewhen,forexample,aparagraphiscontinuingatopicintroducedinthepreviousparagraph,whichcontainedatopicsentence.

NotallparagraphshaveatopiThetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceofaparagraph.However,inthefirstparagraphofanessay,astoryoranarticle,thetopicsentencemayfollowahook.Tograbtheattentionofreaders,wecanuseahook,whichisoftenaninterestingfact,aquestionoraquotation.e.g.OlderAmericansareonthemove.ThetopicsentenceisusuallyThiswomanfeelsthatforolderpeople‘movingsomewherewarmermakessense’.‘Thecommunityhereunderstandstheneedsofolderpeople,’saysonemaninFlorida.’ThiswomanfeelsthatforoldeWhenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome!aAutumnpassestooquickly.bAutumnleavesarebeautiful.Whenpeoplegooutside,theiranalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsinourschools.aSchoolshouldteachmathsandscience.bArtseducationisanecessarypartof

school.analyticalskills,butnotcre2.SupportingsentencesThetopicsentenceshouldbefollowedbysentenceswhichhelpexplainorproveit

Forexample:Fordecades,Floridahasbeenattractingolderresidents.Infact,accordingtothenationalpopulationsurveyconductedin2000,Floridawashometothelargestpopulationofpeopleaged65andolder.2.Supportingsentences支撐句(Supportingsentences)主題句后應跟有對其加以解釋或證明的支撐句。段落中支撐句的排列順序應該是有邏輯的。我們可以使用過渡詞語將每個句子與前后的句子連接。可使用的過渡詞語包括：forexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,ontheotherhand,however,but和also等。支撐句(Supportingsentences)主題Thesentencesinaparagraphshouldbelistedinanorderthatmakessense.Wecanusetransitionstolinkeachsentencestothepreviousorfollowingones.Transitionswecanuseincludeforexample,forinstance,furthermore,first,second,ontheotherhand,however

andalso.ThesentencesinaparagraphsFloridaisapopularchoiceforthesepeoplebecauseoftheclimateandthestate’srelativelyflatlandscape.However,asthenumberofolderAmericansmovingthereincreases,morechangesaremadetocatertothem.Forexample,ambulanceresponsetimehasdecreased,andmanyhouseshavebathroomsdesignedforelderlyhomeowners,withthingslikewalk-inbathtubsthatreducetheriskofslipsandfalls.Floridaisapopularchoicefo3.ConcludingsentenceAparagraphshouldendwithonesentencethatrespectsthetopicinanewway.Wecanalsousetheconcludingsentencetoexpressafinalideaaboutthetopicortohelpintroducethetopicofthenextparagraph.AcrosstheUSA,peoplearenoticingthesamething:youngpeoplewanttoliveincities.3.Concludingsentence結(jié)論句(Concludingsentence)段落應以一句用新方式來重復主題的句子結(jié)尾。我們也可以用結(jié)束句來表達關于這個主題的最后想法，或用它來幫助引入下一段的主題。結(jié)論句(Concludingsentence)段落應4.AhookReadthesecondparagraphunderthesubtitleof“Brightlights,bigcity”andidentifythetopicsentenceandsupportingsentencesinit.Whyaquestionisusedatthebeginningoftheparagraph,andwhetherthequestion“wherearealltheyoungpeople”isthetopicsentenceoftheparagraphornot.Askthestudentstofindouttheanswertothisquestion:therearealmostnoyoungpeopleinasmallMidwesterntown;theyhaveallmovedtoliveincities.4.AhookAquestioninsteadofanaffirmativesentenceherecancatchreader’seyesandmakereadermoreinterestedinthetopic.Aquestionlikethisiscalledahook.ReadboththeinstructionsandPart1inthissection.Makesurethatyouknowwhatfunctionofatopicsentenceiswhatahookis.Then,readthetwoparagraphsinPartAandidentifythetopicsentenceforeachone.AquestioninsteadofanaffirReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebesttopicsentencetoaddtoeachparagraph.1.______Atfirst,leavesonthetreesturnyellowandred.Oneday,theyturnbrownandfalltotheground.Nightfallsabitearliereachday.Then,onemorning,everythingiscoveredbyasoftblanketofsnow.Whenpeoplegooutside,theirhandsfeelcoldandnumb.Winterhascome.aReadthefollowingpassageandb2._____Ifonewishestobecomeascientist,suchasaphysicist,biologistorchemicalengineer,heorshemaystudyphysics,botany,biochemistryandmathematics.However,ifastudentpaysattentiononlytothesesubjects,heorshewilldevelopanalyticalskills,butnotcreativeskills.Manyjobsrequirecreativeskills,andartsstudentshavemorecreativeskillsthanthosewhofocusonscience.Tome,thisisevidenceoftheimportanceofteachingtheartsintheschool.b2._____IfonewishestobecomLuoPingiseditingseveralparagraphshewroteaboutmovingtoanewcity.Helphimmakehiswritingclearerbyaddingtransitionsfromtheboxbelow.1.Atfirst2.Then3.but4.so5.However6.Finally7.AfterAnswers:LuoPingiseditingseveralpaFindout（underline）thetopicsentencesofthefollowingshortpassages:

Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaverealizedhowserioustheproblemis.Ourgovernmentisdoingitsbesttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.We'vedoneagooddealofwork,buthere'sstillalongwaytogo.Wemustkeeponfightinguntilwefindwaystoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted,anddoawaywithpollution.Wearesurethatwe'llwinthebattle.Goodbye,waterpollution!

________________________________________________________________________________________AFindout（underline）thetopicBLanguagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises._______________________________________________________BLanguagelearningbeginswithnumbadj

physicistn.biologistn.botanyn.biochemistryn.analyticaladj.lawyern.firmn.麻木的物理學家生物學家植物學生物化學分析的律師公司Newwordsandphrasesnumbadj麻木的物理學家生物學9.lawfirm10.adjustment.n.11.bungalown.12.gobowling